E. Tobin, D. Asogun, Martha Okonofua, E. Ogbaini-Emovon, Gloria Efediyi
The study assessed the emotional reactions and perceptions of stigmatization among family caregivers of Lassa fever patients. Six focus group discussions were held among 48 purposively selected and consenting family caregivers in a Lassa fever treatment facility in South-South Nigeria during an outbreak. An interview guide structured to elicit views and perceptions on Lassa fever, reactions to the news of a positive result stigma, sources of emotional and social support was used for data collection. Data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed along thematic areas. Awareness of Lassa fever was high among the participants. Reactions to a positive test result included emotions of panic, denial, anxiety, and fear. Some respondents expressed their unwillingness to disclose a positive test result; some felt Lassa fever was stigmatized in the community and by healthcare workers. Majority turned to religion as a source of emotional support. Family caregivers of Lassa fever patients experienced varied emotional reactions upon receipt of the news of a positive test result. Some caregivers had been stigmatized by health workers or feared stigmatization at community level. Psychosocial support was obtained from religion and emotional support from survivors and isolation ward healthcare workers. Community health education should be sustained to avoid stigmatization of victims. Pre- and post-test counselling, access to relevant information and psychosocial support should be made available family care givers. Key words: Fear, Lassa fever, stigma.
{"title":"A qualitative study of psychological support needs of family caregivers of hospitalized Lassa fever patients during an outbreak in an endemic state in Nigeria","authors":"E. Tobin, D. Asogun, Martha Okonofua, E. Ogbaini-Emovon, Gloria Efediyi","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2020.0599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2020.0599","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the emotional reactions and perceptions of stigmatization among family caregivers of Lassa fever patients. Six focus group discussions were held among 48 purposively selected and consenting family caregivers in a Lassa fever treatment facility in South-South Nigeria during an outbreak. An interview guide structured to elicit views and perceptions on Lassa fever, reactions to the news of a positive result stigma, sources of emotional and social support was used for data collection. Data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed along thematic areas. Awareness of Lassa fever was high among the participants. Reactions to a positive test result included emotions of panic, denial, anxiety, and fear. Some respondents expressed their unwillingness to disclose a positive test result; some felt Lassa fever was stigmatized in the community and by healthcare workers. Majority turned to religion as a source of emotional support. Family caregivers of Lassa fever patients experienced varied emotional reactions upon receipt of the news of a positive test result. Some caregivers had been stigmatized by health workers or feared stigmatization at community level. Psychosocial support was obtained from religion and emotional support from survivors and isolation ward healthcare workers. Community health education should be sustained to avoid stigmatization of victims. Pre- and post-test counselling, access to relevant information and psychosocial support should be made available family care givers. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fear, Lassa fever, stigma.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42321806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There exists a scale, developed in Mexico, aimed to measure attitude towards sexuality. Good metric properties have been reported for this scale, but there have been no studies aimed at corroborating those observations. This study aims to verify the validity, as well as the invariance between two samples, of the three-factor model originally proposed for the scale, to estimate its internal consistency reliability, to describe its distribution, and to verify its concurrent validity in relation to the attitude towards homosexuality. Two incidental samples of 402 psychology students and 198 medical students were recruited. The Attitude towards Sexuality Scale (ASS-20) was applied to both samples. Likewise, the attitude towards homosexuality scale was also applied to the psychology students, whereas the factor of subtle rejection towards gay men, taken from the Mexican adaptation of Herek's Attitude towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale, was applied to medical students. Single-factor, correlated-factor, hierarchical, and bifactor models were tested. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the correlated-factor model had the best data fit as well as convergent and discriminant validity properties in both samples, although it was not invariant. The internal consistency of the scale was good. The total scores in ASS-20 followed a normal distribution and their average showed a liberal attitude with no difference between both samples. The correlation of ASS-20 with the two scales of attitude towards homosexuality was medium. It is concluded that AAS-20 shows internal consistency reliability, structural validity, and concurrent validity in relation to attitude towards homosexuality. Key words: Attitude, sexuality, homosexuality, psychometrics, students.
{"title":"Validation of the attitude towards sexuality scale in two samples of university students","authors":"J. M. L. Rubia, O. La","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2020.0628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2020.0628","url":null,"abstract":"There exists a scale, developed in Mexico, aimed to measure attitude towards sexuality. Good metric properties have been reported for this scale, but there have been no studies aimed at corroborating those observations. This study aims to verify the validity, as well as the invariance between two samples, of the three-factor model originally proposed for the scale, to estimate its internal consistency reliability, to describe its distribution, and to verify its concurrent validity in relation to the attitude towards homosexuality. Two incidental samples of 402 psychology students and 198 medical students were recruited. The Attitude towards Sexuality Scale (ASS-20) was applied to both samples. Likewise, the attitude towards homosexuality scale was also applied to the psychology students, whereas the factor of subtle rejection towards gay men, taken from the Mexican adaptation of Herek's Attitude towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale, was applied to medical students. Single-factor, correlated-factor, hierarchical, and bifactor models were tested. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the correlated-factor model had the best data fit as well as convergent and discriminant validity properties in both samples, although it was not invariant. The internal consistency of the scale was good. The total scores in ASS-20 followed a normal distribution and their average showed a liberal attitude with no difference between both samples. The correlation of ASS-20 with the two scales of attitude towards homosexuality was medium. It is concluded that AAS-20 shows internal consistency reliability, structural validity, and concurrent validity in relation to attitude towards homosexuality. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Attitude, sexuality, homosexuality, psychometrics, students.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"131-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45907473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this review is to provide an historical understanding of post- traumatic stress disorder. The concept of trauma is changing drastically in every publication or revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The underlying dimensions of trauma are also under constant consideration. Thus, the paper would provide some historical background of trauma nomenclature. This will enable the researcher to think of future diagnosis and differential diagnosis of traumatic syndromes. Posttraumatic stress disorder has been out there as back as human history. However, the recognition of traumatic symptoms on people’s lives and mental health has been recently recognized. Even though non-governmental organizations and civic society drew attention of this issue for a long time, the legal and administrative bodies were reluctant to take action and recognize the effects of traumatic experiences on people’s life. Key words: Post traumatic stress disorder, statistical manual, mental disorders, nomenclature, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), historical evaluation of PTSD.
{"title":"Classification of posttraumatic stress disorder and its evolution in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria","authors":"Bulut Sefa","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2020.0597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2020.0597","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to provide an historical understanding of post- traumatic stress disorder. The concept of trauma is changing drastically in every publication or revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The underlying dimensions of trauma are also under constant consideration. Thus, the paper would provide some historical background of trauma nomenclature. This will enable the researcher to think of future diagnosis and differential diagnosis of traumatic syndromes. Posttraumatic stress disorder has been out there as back as human history. However, the recognition of traumatic symptoms on people’s lives and mental health has been recently recognized. Even though non-governmental organizations and civic society drew attention of this issue for a long time, the legal and administrative bodies were reluctant to take action and recognize the effects of traumatic experiences on people’s life. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Post traumatic stress disorder, statistical manual, mental disorders, nomenclature, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), historical evaluation of PTSD.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48552508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201004.03
M. Buheji
Any community resilience and total recovery from a devastating international health emergency, as COVID-19 pandemic, cannot be complete without ensuring that the negative spillovers are eliminated or mitigated from all social classes, especially the lower middle class and the poor. Since the 1960's of the earlier century, many studies have focused on what and how people move in and out of poverty, however, few have gone in-depth of when people go into poverty and why they to that stage. In this paper, the author attempts to take a reflective approach about how people may go into the trap of poverty, or deepen their status into it without having the psychological resilience. With the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, the world is expected to lower middle class, and more people would be deeply living in absolute poverty that would come back to many areas in the world, Buheji (2019c). Therefore, finding proper frameworks that would mitigates the expected psychological scare and emotional pain is highly important. The implication here is that the framework is very pragmatic and need to be disseminated to the poor communities through all the recovery projects.
{"title":"Psychological Resilience and Poor Communities Coping with COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Buheji","doi":"10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201004.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201004.03","url":null,"abstract":"Any community resilience and total recovery from a devastating international health emergency, as COVID-19 pandemic, cannot be complete without ensuring that the negative spillovers are eliminated or mitigated from all social classes, especially the lower middle class and the poor. Since the 1960's of the earlier century, many studies have focused on what and how people move in and out of poverty, however, few have gone in-depth of when people go into poverty and why they to that stage. In this paper, the author attempts to take a reflective approach about how people may go into the trap of poverty, or deepen their status into it without having the psychological resilience. With the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, the world is expected to lower middle class, and more people would be deeply living in absolute poverty that would come back to many areas in the world, Buheji (2019c). Therefore, finding proper frameworks that would mitigates the expected psychological scare and emotional pain is highly important. The implication here is that the framework is very pragmatic and need to be disseminated to the poor communities through all the recovery projects.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42308956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201004.02
M. Buheji
Ageing is a complicated process that every one of us most probably would go through as part of their life journey. Therefore, many family members are trying to find more innovative ways to manage their ageing parents and provide them with the best quality of life. Many of these ageing parents might have reversible dementia which can be restored, or maintained through cognitive activities. Based on the synthesis of the literature review, the types of fluid thinking driven gamification suitable for an ageing parent are defined. These types are set in one framework to help the family members, and the designers of the game to ensure all the assessment inputs, the activities of game deployment and the outcome are precise. Despite the limitation of the none-tested framework, this paper carries significant implications for ageing parents caregivers and family members who are keen to mitigate their loved ones challenge of memory loss. The paper opens a variety of opportunities for future research in areas of geriatric care, neuroscience, intergeneration, and gamification.
{"title":"Fluid Thinking for Ageing Parents – Compensating the Psychological Risks of COVID-19 Pandemic Using Gamification","authors":"M. Buheji","doi":"10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201004.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201004.02","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing is a complicated process that every one of us most probably would go through as part of their life journey. Therefore, many family members are trying to find more innovative ways to manage their ageing parents and provide them with the best quality of life. Many of these ageing parents might have reversible dementia which can be restored, or maintained through cognitive activities. Based on the synthesis of the literature review, the types of fluid thinking driven gamification suitable for an ageing parent are defined. These types are set in one framework to help the family members, and the designers of the game to ensure all the assessment inputs, the activities of game deployment and the outcome are precise. Despite the limitation of the none-tested framework, this paper carries significant implications for ageing parents caregivers and family members who are keen to mitigate their loved ones challenge of memory loss. The paper opens a variety of opportunities for future research in areas of geriatric care, neuroscience, intergeneration, and gamification.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42837026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201004.01
M. Buheji
COVID-19 brought our life to a total halt at different times and in all the continents of the world. The total halt brought with it the opportunity to experience the ‘moments of pause’ which is missed in a busy life. This paper investigates the importance of this moment, and its role in improving our contribution and potential differentiate performance outcome. The case study presents the outcome of ‘moment of pauses’ utilised by the Inspiration Economy researchers to solve problems or exploit opportunities. The context of the case study presents how the utilisation of pauses helped to address some of the main challenges and issues of COVID-19 pandemic and its spillovers earlier than many other researchers. This study implies that it shows the necessity of taking ‘moments of pauses’ in the new normal where challenges of life would extraordinary and where we need to reflect then realise or foresight. The researcher confirms that once this research is applied in different contexts, it could be generalised with minimal limitations to be a strong tool for communities development and flourishment.
{"title":"Optimising ‘Moments of Pauses’ – A Reflections from COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Buheji","doi":"10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201004.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201004.01","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 brought our life to a total halt at different times and in all the continents of the world. The total halt brought with it the opportunity to experience the ‘moments of pause’ which is missed in a busy life. This paper investigates the importance of this moment, and its role in improving our contribution and potential differentiate performance outcome. The case study presents the outcome of ‘moment of pauses’ utilised by the Inspiration Economy researchers to solve problems or exploit opportunities. The context of the case study presents how the utilisation of pauses helped to address some of the main challenges and issues of COVID-19 pandemic and its spillovers earlier than many other researchers. This study implies that it shows the necessity of taking ‘moments of pauses’ in the new normal where challenges of life would extraordinary and where we need to reflect then realise or foresight. The researcher confirms that once this research is applied in different contexts, it could be generalised with minimal limitations to be a strong tool for communities development and flourishment.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44768464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201003.03
M. Buheji, Amna Buheji
This paper brings three variables together living with ‘ageing parents’, especially those suffering from chronic diseases or dementia, during the COVID-19. The researchers investigate the effects of these three variables on multi-generational living, the quality of life and in preparation of the new normal. The way of most of life and lifestyle business-model for each ‘ageing parent’ are evaluated with the intention to build the most suitable model that improve their wellness, functionality and quality of life during this part of life. A framework would be proposed to minimise any lost opportunity and enhance the capacity of creating the most intelligent decisions during these unprecedented times.
{"title":"Intelligent Living with ‘Ageing Parents’ During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Buheji, Amna Buheji","doi":"10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201003.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201003.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper brings three variables together living with ‘ageing parents’, especially those suffering from chronic diseases or dementia, during the COVID-19. The researchers investigate the effects of these three variables on multi-generational living, the quality of life and in preparation of the new normal. The way of most of life and lifestyle business-model for each ‘ageing parent’ are evaluated with the intention to build the most suitable model that improve their wellness, functionality and quality of life during this part of life. A framework would be proposed to minimise any lost opportunity and enhance the capacity of creating the most intelligent decisions during these unprecedented times.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43656284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.5923/J.IJPBS.20201001.02
M. Buheji, H. Jahrami, Ali Sabah Dhahi
The misinterpretation of the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for creating devastating stress that might turn into anxiety and other psychological diseases. The social isolation, quarantine, and lockdown can increase stress responses and generate more status of uncertainty. The body of knowledge has a significant gap in relevant to practising resilient practices such as visualising a ‘stress mitigation strategy’ during a long-term pandemic. Based on the synthesis of the literature, a framework for compensating stress during and after pandemics is proposed. The researchers discuss the importance of such a framework as a pressure relief valve in the accumulated ‘pandemic stress exposure’. The proposed framework can be used for future outbreaks once more research empirically tests it and optimise its constraints.
{"title":"Minimising Stress Exposure During Pandemics Similar to COVID-19","authors":"M. Buheji, H. Jahrami, Ali Sabah Dhahi","doi":"10.5923/J.IJPBS.20201001.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJPBS.20201001.02","url":null,"abstract":"The misinterpretation of the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for creating devastating stress that might turn into anxiety and other psychological diseases. The social isolation, quarantine, and lockdown can increase stress responses and generate more status of uncertainty. The body of knowledge has a significant gap in relevant to practising resilient practices such as visualising a ‘stress mitigation strategy’ during a long-term pandemic. Based on the synthesis of the literature, a framework for compensating stress during and after pandemics is proposed. The researchers discuss the importance of such a framework as a pressure relief valve in the accumulated ‘pandemic stress exposure’. The proposed framework can be used for future outbreaks once more research empirically tests it and optimise its constraints.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46095855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel A. Montano, Trisha M. Kivisalu, Jennifer L. Harrison
Due to an increased usage of college counseling centers in the treatment of mental health concerns, it is imperative that centers implement appropriate assessments of psychological symptoms. We examined the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS), which was designed as a routine instrument to assess a range of mental health symptoms. Proper assessment and reporting of reliability are essential before one can meaningfully interpret assessment outcomes. This study employed a meta-analytic technique, Reliability Generalization (RG), to examine reporting practices, and analyze the reported CCAPS reliability estimates. Additionally, reported CCAPS reliability estimates were analyzed in order to assess diversity variables, which can affect the measurement of psychological symptoms and distress. Only 22% (N = 12) of the 54 total research studies reported reliability estimates for the CCAPS. Most studies cited a previous source and others simply noted that the measure was “reliable” (66%; N = 25). More information is needed for subscale reliability since the current CCAPS Cronbach’s alphas ranged from fair to excellent (> 0.60 - > 0.80). An increase in reliability reporting is needed to examine the CCAPS’ use in various sample populations. Implications for reliability reporting standards are discussed. Key words: Reliability Generalization, Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS), reliability reporting, meta-analysis.
{"title":"Reliability Generalization (RG) of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS)","authors":"Samuel A. Montano, Trisha M. Kivisalu, Jennifer L. Harrison","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2020.0611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2020.0611","url":null,"abstract":"Due to an increased usage of college counseling centers in the treatment of mental health concerns, it is imperative that centers implement appropriate assessments of psychological symptoms. We examined the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS), which was designed as a routine instrument to assess a range of mental health symptoms. Proper assessment and reporting of reliability are essential before one can meaningfully interpret assessment outcomes. This study employed a meta-analytic technique, Reliability Generalization (RG), to examine reporting practices, and analyze the reported CCAPS reliability estimates. Additionally, reported CCAPS reliability estimates were analyzed in order to assess diversity variables, which can affect the measurement of psychological symptoms and distress. Only 22% (N = 12) of the 54 total research studies reported reliability estimates for the CCAPS. Most studies cited a previous source and others simply noted that the measure was “reliable” (66%; N = 25). More information is needed for subscale reliability since the current CCAPS Cronbach’s alphas ranged from fair to excellent (> 0.60 - > 0.80). An increase in reliability reporting is needed to examine the CCAPS’ use in various sample populations. Implications for reliability reporting standards are discussed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Reliability Generalization, Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS), reliability reporting, meta-analysis.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48427287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is customarily challenging and fruitless to prevent young adults and teens from drug experimentation. Yet, the onset of marijuana or cannabis use by school-age young adults and teens could be delayed with holistic interventions that aim at involving stakeholders (that is schools, families, agencies, media, etc.). The objective of this review was to sum-up continental comparative data on the prevalence of cannabis or marijuana use among young adults. Although continental studies on the prevalence, causes, effects, and preventions of marijuana use are limited, there is evidence to suggest that marijuana use is still on the rise among young people globally, especially in Africa, Europe, and America. False gratification such as, its harmless effects, its ability to aid performance, and its ability to protect one against superstitious forces are factors among others that lead adolescents to its experimentation. Key words: Adolescents, marijuana, cannabis, prevalence.
{"title":"Adolescents and marijuana: Its prevalence, underpinning causes, effects and implications on the next generation","authors":"S. Bulut, A. Usman","doi":"10.5897/ijpc2020.0609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijpc2020.0609","url":null,"abstract":"It is customarily challenging and fruitless to prevent young adults and teens from drug experimentation. Yet, the onset of marijuana or cannabis use by school-age young adults and teens could be delayed with holistic interventions that aim at involving stakeholders (that is schools, families, agencies, media, etc.). The objective of this review was to sum-up continental comparative data on the prevalence of cannabis or marijuana use among young adults. Although continental studies on the prevalence, causes, effects, and preventions of marijuana use are limited, there is evidence to suggest that marijuana use is still on the rise among young people globally, especially in Africa, Europe, and America. False gratification such as, its harmless effects, its ability to aid performance, and its ability to protect one against superstitious forces are factors among others that lead adolescents to its experimentation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adolescents, marijuana, cannabis, prevalence.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/ijpc2020.0609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44981761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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