Juan Zhou, Yuran Luo, Qingping Chen, Yingxin Liang
This study aimed to examine the inner psychological characteristics of cult members, provide a basis for the implementation of psychological counseling. 63 cult members and 69 ordinary people were assessed with the Self-Consistency and Congruence Scale (SCCS), the Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS). Cult members scored significantly lower than the control group in the total score of the interpersonal trust, self-flexibility dimension and self-rated health. (t=-3.67,p<0.01;t=-2.34,p<0.05; t=-4.66,p<0.01); cult members scored significantly lower on each dimension of self-rated health than the control group (t= 3.22, p< 0.01;t= 4.18, p< 0.01; t= 3.49, p< 0.01;t = 4.66, p< 0.01); cult members scored significantly higher than the control group in the total score of the self and experience disharmony dimension and the trait anxiety level (t=2.11,p<0.05;t=5.67,p<0.01); cult members’ self-consistency and congruence has negative correlation with mental health (r=-0.372,p<0.05); trait anxiety and mental health have a negative correlation relationship (r=-0.557,p<0.01); the main factors influencing cult members’ mental health were self and experience disharmony and trait anxiety, with two factors explaining 22.3% of the mental health. Cult members were reported to have lower interpersonal trust, lower self-consistency and congruence, lower health level and higher trait anxiety (the so-called “three-low-and-one-high” symptoms). We can use the solution-focused brief therapy to implement mental counseling, which has an emphasis on problem-solving without an entanglement of the causes, and on promotion of cult members’ changes in a positive attitude. Key words: Cult members, “three-low-and-one-high” symptoms, solution-focused brief therapy.
本研究旨在探讨邪教成员的内在心理特征，为实施心理咨询提供依据。采用自我一致性与一致性量表(SCCS)、人际信任量表(ITS)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)和健康自评量表(SRHMS)对63名邪教成员和69名普通人进行了评估。邪教成员在人际信任、自我灵活性维度和自评健康维度的总得分显著低于对照组。(t = -3.67, p < 0.01, t = -2.34, p < 0.05;t = -4.66, p < 0.01);邪教成员自评健康各维度得分均显著低于对照组(t= 3.22, p< 0.01;t= 4.18, p< 0.01;T = 3.49, p< 0.01; T = 4.66, p< 0.01);邪教成员在自我与体验不和谐维度总分和特质焦虑水平上显著高于对照组(t=2.11,p<0.05;t=5.67,p<0.01);邪教成员的自我一致性和一致性与心理健康呈负相关(r=-0.372,p<0.05);特质焦虑与心理健康呈负相关(r=-0.557,p<0.01);影响邪教成员心理健康的主要因素是自我与体验不和谐和特质焦虑，这两个因素解释了22.3%的心理健康。据报道，邪教成员有较低的人际信任，较低的自我一致性和一致性，较低的健康水平和较高的特质焦虑(所谓的“三低一高”症状)。我们可以采用以解决为中心的简短疗法来实施心理咨询，强调解决问题而不纠缠原因，以积极的态度促进邪教成员的改变。关键词:邪教成员，“三低一高”症状，以解决为重点的简短疗法。
{"title":"Cult Members three-low-and-one-high Symptoms and Theirs Solution-focused Brief Psychological Counseling","authors":"Juan Zhou, Yuran Luo, Qingping Chen, Yingxin Liang","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2016.0440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2016.0440","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the inner psychological characteristics of cult members, provide a basis for the implementation of psychological counseling. 63 cult members and 69 ordinary people were assessed with the Self-Consistency and Congruence Scale (SCCS), the Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS). Cult members scored significantly lower than the control group in the total score of the interpersonal trust, self-flexibility dimension and self-rated health. (t=-3.67,p<0.01;t=-2.34,p<0.05; t=-4.66,p<0.01); cult members scored significantly lower on each dimension of self-rated health than the control group (t= 3.22, p< 0.01;t= 4.18, p< 0.01; t= 3.49, p< 0.01;t = 4.66, p< 0.01); cult members scored significantly higher than the control group in the total score of the self and experience disharmony dimension and the trait anxiety level (t=2.11,p<0.05;t=5.67,p<0.01); cult members’ self-consistency and congruence has negative correlation with mental health (r=-0.372,p<0.05); trait anxiety and mental health have a negative correlation relationship (r=-0.557,p<0.01); the main factors influencing cult members’ mental health were self and experience disharmony and trait anxiety, with two factors explaining 22.3% of the mental health. Cult members were reported to have lower interpersonal trust, lower self-consistency and congruence, lower health level and higher trait anxiety (the so-called “three-low-and-one-high” symptoms). We can use the solution-focused brief therapy to implement mental counseling, which has an emphasis on problem-solving without an entanglement of the causes, and on promotion of cult members’ changes in a positive attitude. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cult members, “three-low-and-one-high” symptoms, solution-focused brief therapy.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/IJPC2016.0440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A framework for integrating common and specific factors in therapy is provided in this study. The key to integration is employing the common factors as fundamental principles; meanwhile, incorporating a specific model and unique techniques carefully to respond to the client’s needs, demographic variables, and ethnic/cultural characteristics. The four major constructs of common factors (that is, client characteristics, therapist characteristics, process of change, and therapeutic context) are discussed. The four important therapy paradigms (analytic-dynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic-experiential, and systemic therapies), in which the important specific factors are derived from, are also delineated. The author revised and extended the generic model and the process-based model to provide a better framework in understanding both types of factors. The main features of these two models have been integrated within the three phases: pre-therapy, process of therapy and post-therapy. In order to enhance the optimal effectiveness of therapy, the integration should follow three principles: using the findings of empirical studies, matching the client’s variables, and responding to the notion of multicultural counseling. Implications for therapy research, training/education and clinical practice are highlighted. Key words: Common factor, specific factor, counseling, psychotherapy.
{"title":"The framework for integrating common and specific factors in therapy: A resolution","authors":"Yii-nii Lin","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2016.0398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2016.0398","url":null,"abstract":"A framework for integrating common and specific factors in therapy is provided in this study. The key to integration is employing the common factors as fundamental principles; meanwhile, incorporating a specific model and unique techniques carefully to respond to the client’s needs, demographic variables, and ethnic/cultural characteristics. The four major constructs of common factors (that is, client characteristics, therapist characteristics, process of change, and therapeutic context) are discussed. The four important therapy paradigms (analytic-dynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic-experiential, and systemic therapies), in which the important specific factors are derived from, are also delineated. The author revised and extended the generic model and the process-based model to provide a better framework in understanding both types of factors. The main features of these two models have been integrated within the three phases: pre-therapy, process of therapy and post-therapy. In order to enhance the optimal effectiveness of therapy, the integration should follow three principles: using the findings of empirical studies, matching the client’s variables, and responding to the notion of multicultural counseling. Implications for therapy research, training/education and clinical practice are highlighted. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Common factor, specific factor, counseling, psychotherapy.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/IJPC2016.0398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the role of psychosocial factors (entrepreneurial self-efficacy, fear of failure, social support, and gender) on entrepreneurial intention among Nigerian graduates. The research adopted a survey design. Two hundred and ten (210) participants were selected purposively and randomly for the study. Results revealed that there were significant relationships among the variables of the study. Besides, fear of failure and entrepreneurial self-efficacy jointly predicts entrepreneurial intention. Independent predictions indicated that fear of failure does not significantly predict entrepreneurial intention. However, it shows that entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly predicts entrepreneurial intention. It was also found that graduates who have high fear of failure did not have lower significant entrepreneurial intention than those with low fear of failure. Those with high entrepreneurial self-efficacy have higher significant entrepreneurial intention than those with low entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Male graduates significantly score higher on entrepreneurial intention than female graduates. The study however, recommended that Universities should design suitable entrepreneurial courses that would promote the graduates' intention to start up their own businesses, and government should also design realistic programmes for job creation. Key words: Entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, fear of failure, social support, gender.
{"title":"Psychosocial predictors of entrepreneurial intention among Nigerian graduates","authors":"Okoye Lawrence Jekwu","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2016.0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2016.0407","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the role of psychosocial factors (entrepreneurial self-efficacy, fear of failure, social support, and gender) on entrepreneurial intention among Nigerian graduates. The research adopted a survey design. Two hundred and ten (210) participants were selected purposively and randomly for the study. Results revealed that there were significant relationships among the variables of the study. Besides, fear of failure and entrepreneurial self-efficacy jointly predicts entrepreneurial intention. Independent predictions indicated that fear of failure does not significantly predict entrepreneurial intention. However, it shows that entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly predicts entrepreneurial intention. It was also found that graduates who have high fear of failure did not have lower significant entrepreneurial intention than those with low fear of failure. Those with high entrepreneurial self-efficacy have higher significant entrepreneurial intention than those with low entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Male graduates significantly score higher on entrepreneurial intention than female graduates. The study however, recommended that Universities should design suitable entrepreneurial courses that would promote the graduates' intention to start up their own businesses, and government should also design realistic programmes for job creation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, fear of failure, social support, gender.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/IJPC2016.0407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adera childcare is a community-based kinship type of care arrangement that has been practiced in many parts of Ethiopia for years. Research evidences indicate that this practice avails alternative care and support that make important contribution in the life and development of children. However, some evidences also indicate that there are concerns and challenges that would compromise the quality and contribution of care particularly compared to experiences of the intact family care. Hence, there is a need to explore the family dynamics that is at work in households hosting both Adera and biological children together. This study attempted to examine this dynamics beginning from the time the children were inducted into the new home. A total of 36 Adera children, a corresponding 36 biological children and 9 parents were selected as participants of the research. While questionnaire was administered to the children to solicit opinions about their relationship with parents and their siblings, interview was held with parents regarding the behavior of Adera children, their treatment of the Adera children and their own biological children. Extended case narratives were also captured from two former Adera children (now Adults) to enrich the data obtained through interview. Findings generally indicated that the Adera care arrangement cannot be viewed as a unitary practice, having uniform arrangements, making similar kinds of provisions, and with only one type (positive or negative) of outcome across the board. Rather, it is multifaceted in practice and impacts; in our present case suggesting both encouraging as well as discouraging results when read respectively from parents’ and children’s perspectives. Hence, its arrangement needs to be participatory enough to involve all the stakeholders (parents, biological children, and the Adera children) at the time the Adera family is to be established rather than making the Adera arrangement only with one of the parents as it has been culturally practiced. Key words: Adera, community-based care, kinship care, alternative childcare, orphaned and vulnerable children, family-based care.
{"title":"Family dynamics in households with Adera children: Implications for family-based care of orphaned and vulnerable children","authors":"B. Kibret, Shewaye Mengistu","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2015.0381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2015.0381","url":null,"abstract":"Adera childcare is a community-based kinship type of care arrangement that has been practiced in many parts of Ethiopia for years. Research evidences indicate that this practice avails alternative care and support that make important contribution in the life and development of children. However, some evidences also indicate that there are concerns and challenges that would compromise the quality and contribution of care particularly compared to experiences of the intact family care. Hence, there is a need to explore the family dynamics that is at work in households hosting both Adera and biological children together. This study attempted to examine this dynamics beginning from the time the children were inducted into the new home. A total of 36 Adera children, a corresponding 36 biological children and 9 parents were selected as participants of the research. While questionnaire was administered to the children to solicit opinions about their relationship with parents and their siblings, interview was held with parents regarding the behavior of Adera children, their treatment of the Adera children and their own biological children. Extended case narratives were also captured from two former Adera children (now Adults) to enrich the data obtained through interview. Findings generally indicated that the Adera care arrangement cannot be viewed as a unitary practice, having uniform arrangements, making similar kinds of provisions, and with only one type (positive or negative) of outcome across the board. Rather, it is multifaceted in practice and impacts; in our present case suggesting both encouraging as well as discouraging results when read respectively from parents’ and children’s perspectives. Hence, its arrangement needs to be participatory enough to involve all the stakeholders (parents, biological children, and the Adera children) at the time the Adera family is to be established rather than making the Adera arrangement only with one of the parents as it has been culturally practiced. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adera, community-based care, kinship care, alternative childcare, orphaned and vulnerable children, family-based care.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"58-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world is changing very fast toward cultural pluralism. It is predicted that most of the societies will be more diverse in 21st century. Cultural differences denied for centuries in therapeutic interventions are no more acceptable. Multicultural counseling and therapy are in fact a strong trend in response to this urgent need. That is the reason for multiculturalism to be considered the fourth force in psychology. All counseling and therapy issues and interventions are somewhat cross-cultural. How a client views the world is important insofar as it contrasts with the counselor’s. Many Eastern and Western cultures are considered different according to different perspectives. Family as a powerful social institution is the matrix of cultural identity of its members. In recent years, culture turned to occupy a key position in family therapy. Couples have learned to identify with cultural values and biases of their own families throughout their childhood. Family counselors and therapists as well as all their counterparts need to develop activities and intervention techniques to counteract these biases. Development of multiculturalism transformed how many therapists think and work with families. This article deals with cultural issues and dementions of counseling and therapy East and West, with more emphasis on couples and families. Key words: Multiculturalism, Counseling, Marriage and Family Issues.
{"title":"Multiculturalism in counseling and therapy: Marriage and family issues","authors":"B. S. Zaker, Alireza Boostanipoor","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2016.0388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2016.0388","url":null,"abstract":"The world is changing very fast toward cultural pluralism. It is predicted that most of the societies will be more diverse in 21st century. Cultural differences denied for centuries in therapeutic interventions are no more acceptable. Multicultural counseling and therapy are in fact a strong trend in response to this urgent need. That is the reason for multiculturalism to be considered the fourth force in psychology. All counseling and therapy issues and interventions are somewhat cross-cultural. How a client views the world is important insofar as it contrasts with the counselor’s. Many Eastern and Western cultures are considered different according to different perspectives. Family as a powerful social institution is the matrix of cultural identity of its members. In recent years, culture turned to occupy a key position in family therapy. Couples have learned to identify with cultural values and biases of their own families throughout their childhood. Family counselors and therapists as well as all their counterparts need to develop activities and intervention techniques to counteract these biases. Development of multiculturalism transformed how many therapists think and work with families. This article deals with cultural issues and dementions of counseling and therapy East and West, with more emphasis on couples and families. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Multiculturalism, Counseling, Marriage and Family Issues.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/IJPC2016.0388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the personality factors behind Filipino college students’ social media usage. Using descriptive-correlational design, a random sample of 338 Filipino undergraduate students, between ages of 16 to 22, was employed to generate relationships and understand predictions among factors derived from NEO Personality Inventory and Facebook Intensity Scale. Results indicated that respondents tend to be more neurotic and less agreeable but conscientious. Regression analysis model delineated that among the personality factors, extraversion and neuroticism traits were contributory factors of Facebook use. Pearson’s correlations suggested that the extraversion trait has significant positive associations with Facebook use, number of Facebook friends, and time spent on Facebook while neuroticism trait showed significant negative influence with number of Facebook friends. Thus, findings affirmed the claim that some aspects of personality lead to increase Facebook usage, and that these constructs are largely influenced by their personal characteristics. Key words: Personality, Facebook Use.
{"title":"Personality traits as predictors of Facebook use","authors":"John Ray B. Acopio, Lucila O. Bance","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2015.0311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2015.0311","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the personality factors behind Filipino college students’ social media usage. Using descriptive-correlational design, a random sample of 338 Filipino undergraduate students, between ages of 16 to 22, was employed to generate relationships and understand predictions among factors derived from NEO Personality Inventory and Facebook Intensity Scale. Results indicated that respondents tend to be more neurotic and less agreeable but conscientious. Regression analysis model delineated that among the personality factors, extraversion and neuroticism traits were contributory factors of Facebook use. Pearson’s correlations suggested that the extraversion trait has significant positive associations with Facebook use, number of Facebook friends, and time spent on Facebook while neuroticism trait showed significant negative influence with number of Facebook friends. Thus, findings affirmed the claim that some aspects of personality lead to increase Facebook usage, and that these constructs are largely influenced by their personal characteristics. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Personality, Facebook Use.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/IJPC2015.0311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this interpretive inquiry was to gain understanding about how women cope with the interpersonal stresses associated with bariatric surgery. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 women who had undergone bariatric surgery. Data were analyzed using constant comparison processes. Analyses revealed that participants managed stress associated with bariatric surgery using five forms of coping, including: seeking and providing social support; opting not to disclose the fact of their surgery to others (“voluntary nondisclosure”), “screening,” reframing the problem, and educating others about bariatric surgery. Insomuch as participants adopted diverse forms of coping and fitted the form of coping to the situation at hand, their approach to tolerating the interpersonal stresses arising from their surgeries reflected “coping flexibility.” Although several of the coping strategies adopted helped participants to manage interpersonal stresses associated with bariatric surgery, others created additional stresses in their lives or left them feeling ambivalent. Findings can inform bariatric support group discussion content or individual psychological interventions with patients who are struggling to manage interpersonal stresses confronted during the bariatric journey. Key words: bariatric surgery, coping, interpersonal stresses, women, qualitative.
{"title":"Coping with the interpersonal stresses of bariatric surgery: An interpretive study of womens experiences","authors":"Jennifer Paff Ogle, Juyeon Park","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2015.0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2015.0374","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this interpretive inquiry was to gain understanding about how women cope with the interpersonal stresses associated with bariatric surgery. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 women who had undergone bariatric surgery. Data were analyzed using constant comparison processes. Analyses revealed that participants managed stress associated with bariatric surgery using five forms of coping, including: seeking and providing social support; opting not to disclose the fact of their surgery to others (“voluntary nondisclosure”), “screening,” reframing the problem, and educating others about bariatric surgery. Insomuch as participants adopted diverse forms of coping and fitted the form of coping to the situation at hand, their approach to tolerating the interpersonal stresses arising from their surgeries reflected “coping flexibility.” Although several of the coping strategies adopted helped participants to manage interpersonal stresses associated with bariatric surgery, others created additional stresses in their lives or left them feeling ambivalent. Findings can inform bariatric support group discussion content or individual psychological interventions with patients who are struggling to manage interpersonal stresses confronted during the bariatric journey. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: bariatric surgery, coping, interpersonal stresses, women, qualitative.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/IJPC2015.0374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between influence of health locus of control on medication adherence among outpatients undergoing directly observed treatment-short course (DOTS) and those receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) infection following the spread of HIV epidemic has made treatment of TB and HIV co-infection a public healthcare priority in Nigeria. However, strict adherence to medications is critical for the treatment to be effective and to prevent death due to TB and rapid progression of HIV to full-blown AIDS. Locus of control perceptions of outpatients with TB and HIV infections should be assessed and determined for effective package of treatment that requires strict medication adherence. The participants were 100 outpatients receiving tuberculosis (n = 30) and HIV/AIDS (n = 70) services in seven selected treatment facilities across Edo State, Nigeria. The respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. All participants were individually administered with multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scale and Morisky (8-Item) medication adherence questionnaire (MMAQ). Percentage and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data collected and were tested at p < 0.05. Heath locus of control presents similar influence on medication adherence among outpatients. There was an association between non-adherence (27%) and reported health complications (27%) by outpatients. The reasons cited for missing medications were travelling (48%), work schedule (14.8%), religion activities (14.8%), side effects of drug (11.1%), financial constraints (7.4%) and bereavement (3.7%). It was also observed that Internal-LOC [F = (23, 76) = 0.469, P<0.05], Powerful others-LOC [F = (26, 73) = 0.067, P<0.05] and Luck or chance-LOC [F = (27, 72) = 0.136, P<0.05] present similar influence on medication adherence among tuberculosis and HIV-positive outpatients undergoing treatments. The study revealed that LOC as a personality construct is not determined or influenced by TB or HIV/AIDS conditions. It was further shown that treatment methods such as DOTS for tuberculosis treatment whereby drugs use is directly administered and monitored by healthcare providers with support provided by family members ensured compliance influence of LOC beliefs, especially towards powerful others. Key words: Health, locus of control, medication, adherence, DOTS, tuberculosis, ART, HIV/AIDS
{"title":"Comparative Influence of Health Locus of Control on Medication Adherence among Tuberculosis and HIV-Positive Outpatients in Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"A. H. Obadiora","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2015.0337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2015.0337","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between influence of health locus of control on medication adherence among outpatients undergoing directly observed treatment-short course (DOTS) and those receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) infection following the spread of HIV epidemic has made treatment of TB and HIV co-infection a public healthcare priority in Nigeria. However, strict adherence to medications is critical for the treatment to be effective and to prevent death due to TB and rapid progression of HIV to full-blown AIDS. Locus of control perceptions of outpatients with TB and HIV infections should be assessed and determined for effective package of treatment that requires strict medication adherence. The participants were 100 outpatients receiving tuberculosis (n = 30) and HIV/AIDS (n = 70) services in seven selected treatment facilities across Edo State, Nigeria. The respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. All participants were individually administered with multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scale and Morisky (8-Item) medication adherence questionnaire (MMAQ). Percentage and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data collected and were tested at p < 0.05. Heath locus of control presents similar influence on medication adherence among outpatients. There was an association between non-adherence (27%) and reported health complications (27%) by outpatients. The reasons cited for missing medications were travelling (48%), work schedule (14.8%), religion activities (14.8%), side effects of drug (11.1%), financial constraints (7.4%) and bereavement (3.7%). It was also observed that Internal-LOC [F = (23, 76) = 0.469, P<0.05], Powerful others-LOC [F = (26, 73) = 0.067, P<0.05] and Luck or chance-LOC [F = (27, 72) = 0.136, P<0.05] present similar influence on medication adherence among tuberculosis and HIV-positive outpatients undergoing treatments. The study revealed that LOC as a personality construct is not determined or influenced by TB or HIV/AIDS conditions. It was further shown that treatment methods such as DOTS for tuberculosis treatment whereby drugs use is directly administered and monitored by healthcare providers with support provided by family members ensured compliance influence of LOC beliefs, especially towards powerful others. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Health, locus of control, medication, adherence, DOTS, tuberculosis, ART, HIV/AIDS","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"18-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/IJPC2015.0337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Posthumous marriage is one of the traditional marriages being practiced in Igbo Land, Southeastern Nigeria. This is a type of marriage that offers men who had already died opportunities to have wives and descendants when they have already died even before the marriages are contracted. Consequently, many traditional families use this opportunity to solve the problems of childlessness, male child absence in the family etc. However, much has not been investigated about this type of marriage. This work investigated on the posthumous marriage in Igbo land and its effects on the developments and education of the posthumous children. Descriptive survey research guided the study. The population of the study was all the single parents in Igbo Land. Simple random sampling was used to select 400 respondents from three states in southeast of Nigeria (Igbo Land). Questionnaire and oral interviews were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using mean scores and standard deviations, while z-test statistic was used to analyze the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings revealed quest for male child, continuity of a lineage, love for the dead and others as the reasons for posthumous marriage. The findings also indicated that posthumous children’s moral, social, and other developments and education are adversely affected due to poor conditions and social problems associated with posthumous marriage. The data also indicated that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of male single parents and their female counterparts on the reasons for posthumous marriage in Igbo land. There is also no significant difference between the mean scores of male single parents and the female single parents on the effects of posthumous marriage on child development and education; hence the two null hypotheses were accepted. Key words: Quest for male child, continuity of a lineage, home keeping, prostitution, poverty, sexual abuse.
{"title":"Posthumous marriage in Igbo land, Southeastern Nigeria and its effects on child development and education","authors":"Agbo, Maria Charity","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2015.0356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2015.0356","url":null,"abstract":"Posthumous marriage is one of the traditional marriages being practiced in Igbo Land, Southeastern Nigeria. This is a type of marriage that offers men who had already died opportunities to have wives and descendants when they have already died even before the marriages are contracted. Consequently, many traditional families use this opportunity to solve the problems of childlessness, male child absence in the family etc. However, much has not been investigated about this type of marriage. This work investigated on the posthumous marriage in Igbo land and its effects on the developments and education of the posthumous children. Descriptive survey research guided the study. The population of the study was all the single parents in Igbo Land. Simple random sampling was used to select 400 respondents from three states in southeast of Nigeria (Igbo Land). Questionnaire and oral interviews were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using mean scores and standard deviations, while z-test statistic was used to analyze the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings revealed quest for male child, continuity of a lineage, love for the dead and others as the reasons for posthumous marriage. The findings also indicated that posthumous children’s moral, social, and other developments and education are adversely affected due to poor conditions and social problems associated with posthumous marriage. The data also indicated that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of male single parents and their female counterparts on the reasons for posthumous marriage in Igbo land. There is also no significant difference between the mean scores of male single parents and the female single parents on the effects of posthumous marriage on child development and education; hence the two null hypotheses were accepted. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Quest for male child, continuity of a lineage, home keeping, prostitution, poverty, sexual abuse.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid development of cultural and creative industries in China induces a growth in the development of intellectual property. Some of the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are gradually transforming themselves into original design manufacturers (ODMs) and original brand manufacturers (OBMs). The animation industry also benefits from the Government’s policy support and starts to develop and produce original titles animation. The change of production direction creates a great demand for creative workers, and naturally, the educational institutes become the obvious source for this creative talent. In 2014, the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China released a new General Higher Education Undergraduate Major Study Catalogue. This new catalogue put animation under the Theatre, Film and Television category. The changes made by all those institutions that do not focus on film and television study stop offering animation program as a major study. As animation industry is considered as a major developing area in China, a cut back of animation education programs will certainly affect the number of graduates in the coming years. By studying substantial literature on animation education development in China and interviewing a total of 48 teachers and students from 10 animation programs in Beijing, this paper traced the historical development of animation education in China, commented on the recent issues identified in the animation education and further argued about the changes that will actually benefit the future growth of animation education in China. Key words: Animation education, animation industry, creative industries.
{"title":"Past and Future: The Development of Animation Education in China","authors":"Henry Ma","doi":"10.5897/IJPC2015.0357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2015.0357","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of cultural and creative industries in China induces a growth in the development of intellectual property. Some of the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are gradually transforming themselves into original design manufacturers (ODMs) and original brand manufacturers (OBMs). The animation industry also benefits from the Government’s policy support and starts to develop and produce original titles animation. The change of production direction creates a great demand for creative workers, and naturally, the educational institutes become the obvious source for this creative talent. In 2014, the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China released a new General Higher Education Undergraduate Major Study Catalogue. This new catalogue put animation under the Theatre, Film and Television category. The changes made by all those institutions that do not focus on film and television study stop offering animation program as a major study. As animation industry is considered as a major developing area in China, a cut back of animation education programs will certainly affect the number of graduates in the coming years. By studying substantial literature on animation education development in China and interviewing a total of 48 teachers and students from 10 animation programs in Beijing, this paper traced the historical development of animation education in China, commented on the recent issues identified in the animation education and further argued about the changes that will actually benefit the future growth of animation education in China. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Animation education, animation industry, creative industries.","PeriodicalId":91097,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/IJPC2015.0357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71131147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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