Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31173/bomj.bomj_204_17
D. H, S. K.
Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are developmental defects involving the diaphragm. Three major types have been identified; Bochdalek hernia, Morgagni hernia, and hiatus/hiatal hernia, with the postero-lateral Bochdalek type being the most common. Rare concomitant existence with intrathoracic kidney was reported. Cases of left sided Bochdalek hernia were previously reported in the literature but none is associated with intrathoracic kidney. A successfully surgically treated rare case of right sided Bochdalek hernia co-existing with intrathoracic kidney in a neonate is therefore presented.
{"title":"A rare Case of Right Sided Bochdalek Hernia Co-existing with Intrathoracic Kidney","authors":"D. H, S. K.","doi":"10.31173/bomj.bomj_204_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/bomj.bomj_204_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are developmental defects involving the diaphragm. Three major types have been identified; Bochdalek hernia, Morgagni hernia, and hiatus/hiatal hernia, with the postero-lateral Bochdalek type being the most common. Rare concomitant existence with intrathoracic kidney was reported. Cases of left sided Bochdalek hernia were previously reported in the literature but none is associated with intrathoracic kidney. A successfully surgically treated rare case of right sided Bochdalek hernia co-existing with intrathoracic kidney in a neonate is therefore presented.","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81947890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31173/bomj.bomj_194_17
I. Emmanuel, M. Ramalan, A. Longwap, A. Dauda
Background: The thyroid serves the body with important endocrine functions. A variety of influences impinges on the incidence and pathomorphological picture of the thyroid gland. These influences that include: iodine deficiency; iodine sufficiency; gender and; imaging technology are elucidated further in this work. We used the Google search engine to search for literature on the subject from the internet. Iodine is associated with increased incidence of nodular goiter and follicular carcinoma. The world over the last few decades had transited from an era of iodine deficiency to its sufficiency leading to an increase in incidence of thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Estrogen and Estrogen receptor discovered in the thyroid is implicated in the increased frequency of thyroid disorders in females. Finally, advancement in thyroid imaging technology and its utilization has led to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of thyroid diseases.
{"title":"Influences on the Incidence and Pathomorphological Picture of Thyroid Disease","authors":"I. Emmanuel, M. Ramalan, A. Longwap, A. Dauda","doi":"10.31173/bomj.bomj_194_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/bomj.bomj_194_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The thyroid serves the body with important endocrine functions. A variety of influences impinges on the incidence and pathomorphological picture of the thyroid gland. These influences that include: iodine deficiency; iodine sufficiency; gender and; imaging technology are elucidated further in this work. We used the Google search engine to search for literature on the subject from the internet. Iodine is associated with increased incidence of nodular goiter and follicular carcinoma. The world over the last few decades had transited from an era of iodine deficiency to its sufficiency leading to an increase in incidence of thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Estrogen and Estrogen receptor discovered in the thyroid is implicated in the increased frequency of thyroid disorders in females. Finally, advancement in thyroid imaging technology and its utilization has led to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of thyroid diseases.","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80063577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31173/bomj.bomj_202_17
Usman B, M. B., Shuwa F A, Garandawa H I
Background: Arrow injury is one of the causes of non-missile penetrating head injury. Penetration may be through natural openings like the eye, nose, or a thin bone. At presentations, most patients are clinically stable. However, some may present with catastrophic vascular injury. Noncontrast Computed Tomography (CT scan) with or without angiography, when indicated, is essential for surgical planning. When impacted to a bone, craniectomy is an option, but when not impacted the best option is a craniotomy with antegrade extraction under vision especially when the arrow is barbed. Often surgery may involve multiple specialists. Broad-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis is advised likewise tetanus and seizure prevention. Postoperatively patients are followed up and complications are treated.
{"title":"Penetrating Intracranial Arrow Extraction: our Experience","authors":"Usman B, M. B., Shuwa F A, Garandawa H I","doi":"10.31173/bomj.bomj_202_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/bomj.bomj_202_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Arrow injury is one of the causes of non-missile penetrating head injury. Penetration may be through natural openings like the eye, nose, or a thin bone. At presentations, most patients are clinically stable. However, some may present with catastrophic vascular injury. Noncontrast Computed Tomography (CT scan) with or without angiography, when indicated, is essential for surgical planning. When impacted to a bone, craniectomy is an option, but when not impacted the best option is a craniotomy with antegrade extraction under vision especially when the arrow is barbed. Often surgery may involve multiple specialists. Broad-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis is advised likewise tetanus and seizure prevention. Postoperatively patients are followed up and complications are treated.","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88866532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.31173/bomj.bomj_193_17
A. Avidime, Sulaiman Daneji Muhammad, Ibrahim S Adamu
Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is the radiographic evaluation of the uterus and fallopian tubes and is used predominantly in the evaluation of infertility. HSG can cause discomfort or pain during or after the procedure, up to 72 % of women complain of significant discomfort with this test. This pain can hinder patient’s co-operation, therefore limiting the usefulness of the procedure, and willingness to do other similar diagnostic studies. It can also result in fortuitous tubal blockade by provoking cornual spasms. Objectives: To compare the effect of intracervical block with 1% lidocaine and intramuscular diclofenac 75mg in decreasing pain perception during hysterosalpingography. Methods: The study was carried out between September 2016 and January 2017. One hundred and forty women with infertility referred for hysterosalpingography were randomly recruited and assigned to two study groups. Women in the study group A were given an intracervical block with 1% lidocaine while women in the Study Group B were given intramuscular diclofenac sodium 75mg 30 minutes before the procedure. Pain levels during specified stages of HSG were assessed using visual analogue score. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used to analyze the data. The data obtained were presented in tables. Categorical data were analyzed using chi-squared test and Fishers exact correction, continuous data were analyzed using student t-test; level of significance (p-value) was set at p< 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the two study groups in their baseline characteristics; but there were statistically significant differences in some gynaecological characteristics that include previous vaginal delivery and previous pregnancy loss. The two most painful steps of the procedure were during grasping of the cervix and uterine distension with contrast medium mean visual analogue score (VAS) of 4.26±1.62 and 6.37±1.62 (t = -7.726, p-value <0.001), 6.14±1.85 and 7.37±2.23 (t = -3.543 p-value 0.001) respectively in groups A and B. Conclusion: There was significant reduction in VAS pain scores with intracervical block with lidocaine when performing HSG for infertility.
{"title":"The Effect of Intracervical Lidocaine Versus Intramuscular Diclofenac for Pain Relief During Hysterosalpingography Among Infertile Women in A Tertiary Hospital in Kano: A Randomised Controlled Trial","authors":"A. Avidime, Sulaiman Daneji Muhammad, Ibrahim S Adamu","doi":"10.31173/bomj.bomj_193_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/bomj.bomj_193_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is the radiographic evaluation of the uterus and fallopian tubes and is used predominantly in the evaluation of infertility. HSG can cause discomfort or pain during or after the procedure, up to 72 % of women complain of significant discomfort with this test. This pain can hinder patient’s co-operation, therefore limiting the usefulness of the procedure, and willingness to do other similar diagnostic studies. It can also result in fortuitous tubal blockade by provoking cornual spasms. Objectives: To compare the effect of intracervical block with 1% lidocaine and intramuscular diclofenac 75mg in decreasing pain perception during hysterosalpingography. Methods: The study was carried out between September 2016 and January 2017. One hundred and forty women with infertility referred for hysterosalpingography were randomly recruited and assigned to two study groups. Women in the study group A were given an intracervical block with 1% lidocaine while women in the Study Group B were given intramuscular diclofenac sodium 75mg 30 minutes before the procedure. Pain levels during specified stages of HSG were assessed using visual analogue score. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used to analyze the data. The data obtained were presented in tables. Categorical data were analyzed using chi-squared test and Fishers exact correction, continuous data were analyzed using student t-test; level of significance (p-value) was set at p< 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the two study groups in their baseline characteristics; but there were statistically significant differences in some gynaecological characteristics that include previous vaginal delivery and previous pregnancy loss. The two most painful steps of the procedure were during grasping of the cervix and uterine distension with contrast medium mean visual analogue score (VAS) of 4.26±1.62 and 6.37±1.62 (t = -7.726, p-value <0.001), 6.14±1.85 and 7.37±2.23 (t = -3.543 p-value 0.001) respectively in groups A and B. Conclusion: There was significant reduction in VAS pain scores with intracervical block with lidocaine when performing HSG for infertility.","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81214735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.31173/bomj.bomj_167_16
S. Umar, M. Umar, M. Rabiu, M. Alhassan, V. Pam
Background: This study was undertaken to compare the effect of two surgical techniques of cataract extraction on corneal endothelial cell density in eyes of Nigerian adults with uncomplicated age-related cataract with the view to improving surgical visual function and quality of life. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective randomized non blinded hospital based interventional study. Two hundred and seventy-seven (277) eyes of 269 eligible patients with cataract were randomized to either manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) or conventional extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). The endothelial cell density (ECD), Coefficient of variation (CV), and Hexagonality (%) were measured pre-operatively, at one, four and twelve weeks post-operatively with a non-contact specular microscope (CSO SP 02). Statistical analysis – Data obtained were entered into microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Result: Of the 277 eyes studied, 263 (94.9%) were analysed. The mean age of patients for MSICS and ECCE was 64.03 (SD + 11.2, range 40 – 95 years) and 62.69 (SD +10.48, range 42 – 94 years) respectively. The Male to female ratio was 1.9:1, in the two study groups. Pre-operatively, corneal parameters (mean ECD, CV and hexagonal cells) were similar between the two surgery groups. Postoperatively cataract surgery induced a mean endothelial cell density loss of 5.31% at one week, 7.28% at 4 weeks and 7.06% at 12 weeks in the study population. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean endothelial cell density loss between MSICS and ECCE groups. Conclusion: Both MSICS and ECCE induced fairly equal moderate and reversible degree of endothelial cell density loss in adults with uncomplicated age related cataract. Keywords; Endothelial cell density, ECCE, MSICS, Uncomplicated Cataract. Department of 1Ophthalmology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, 2Vitreoretina Department, National Eye Centre, Kaduna, 3Noor Dubai Foundation, Dubai, UAE, 4Department of Ophthalmology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Corresponding Author Dr Saudatu Umar Madaki, Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe P M B 0037 Email addresssaudeumarmadaki@yahoo.com Introduction Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide and cataract surgery is the most frequently performed ophthalmic surgery1.In recent decades, ophthalmologists performing cataract surgery have witnessed the successful application of new technology that have increased the efficiency of surgical technique, advanced standard of care and most importantly, given rise to better patient outcomes2.Surgical techniques have evolved in the last few decades from intracapsular cataract extraction through extracapsular cataract extraction, MSICS, Access this article online
背景:本研究旨在比较两种白内障摘除术对尼日利亚成人无并发症年龄相关性白内障患者角膜内皮细胞密度的影响，以期改善手术视力和生活质量。材料与方法:本研究为前瞻性随机非盲医院介入研究。269例符合条件的白内障患者277只眼随机分为手工小切口白内障手术(msic)和常规白内障囊外摘除(ECCE)两组。术前、术后1周、4周和12周用非接触式镜面显微镜(CSO sp02)测量内皮细胞密度(ECD)、变异系数(CV)和六边形(%)。统计分析-将获得的数据输入到microsoft Excel中，并使用SPSS version 16软件进行分析。结果:277只眼分析263只(94.9%)。mscs和ECCE患者的平均年龄分别为64.03岁(SD + 11.2，范围40 ~ 95岁)和62.69岁(SD +10.48，范围42 ~ 94岁)。在两个研究组中，男女比例为1.9:1。术前，角膜参数(平均ECD, CV和六角形细胞)在两个手术组之间相似。在研究人群中，术后白内障手术导致内皮细胞密度在1周时平均下降5.31%，4周时7.28%，12周时7.06%。mscs组和ECCE组平均内皮细胞密度损失无统计学差异。结论:mscs和ECCE在成人无并发症的年龄相关性白内障患者中诱导内皮细胞密度的中等可逆程度的损失。关键字;内皮细胞密度，ECCE, mscs，无并发症白内障。1 .贡贝联邦教学医院眼科;2 .卡杜纳国家眼科中心vitreoretina眼科;3 .阿联酋迪拜努尔迪拜基金会;4 .扎里亚Ahmadu Bello大学教学医院眼科。通讯作者Saudatu Umar Madaki博士，Gombe联邦教学医院眼科部，P M B 0037 Email addresssaudeumarmadaki@yahoo.com简介白内障是全球失明的主要原因，白内障手术是最常见的眼科手术1。近几十年来，从事白内障手术的眼科医生见证了新技术的成功应用，这些新技术提高了手术技术的效率，提高了护理标准，最重要的是，提高了患者的治疗效果。在过去的几十年里，手术技术从囊内白内障摘除到囊外白内障摘除，mscs，都在不断发展
{"title":"Changes in Corneal Endothelial Cells Following MSICS VERSUS Conventional ECCE in a Tertiary Eye Hospital in North Western Nigeria","authors":"S. Umar, M. Umar, M. Rabiu, M. Alhassan, V. Pam","doi":"10.31173/bomj.bomj_167_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/bomj.bomj_167_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was undertaken to compare the effect of two surgical techniques of cataract extraction on corneal endothelial cell density in eyes of Nigerian adults with uncomplicated age-related cataract with the view to improving surgical visual function and quality of life. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective randomized non blinded hospital based interventional study. Two hundred and seventy-seven (277) eyes of 269 eligible patients with cataract were randomized to either manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) or conventional extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). The endothelial cell density (ECD), Coefficient of variation (CV), and Hexagonality (%) were measured pre-operatively, at one, four and twelve weeks post-operatively with a non-contact specular microscope (CSO SP 02). Statistical analysis – Data obtained were entered into microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Result: Of the 277 eyes studied, 263 (94.9%) were analysed. The mean age of patients for MSICS and ECCE was 64.03 (SD + 11.2, range 40 – 95 years) and 62.69 (SD +10.48, range 42 – 94 years) respectively. The Male to female ratio was 1.9:1, in the two study groups. Pre-operatively, corneal parameters (mean ECD, CV and hexagonal cells) were similar between the two surgery groups. Postoperatively cataract surgery induced a mean endothelial cell density loss of 5.31% at one week, 7.28% at 4 weeks and 7.06% at 12 weeks in the study population. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean endothelial cell density loss between MSICS and ECCE groups. Conclusion: Both MSICS and ECCE induced fairly equal moderate and reversible degree of endothelial cell density loss in adults with uncomplicated age related cataract. Keywords; Endothelial cell density, ECCE, MSICS, Uncomplicated Cataract. Department of 1Ophthalmology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, 2Vitreoretina Department, National Eye Centre, Kaduna, 3Noor Dubai Foundation, Dubai, UAE, 4Department of Ophthalmology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Corresponding Author Dr Saudatu Umar Madaki, Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe P M B 0037 Email addresssaudeumarmadaki@yahoo.com Introduction Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide and cataract surgery is the most frequently performed ophthalmic surgery1.In recent decades, ophthalmologists performing cataract surgery have witnessed the successful application of new technology that have increased the efficiency of surgical technique, advanced standard of care and most importantly, given rise to better patient outcomes2.Surgical techniques have evolved in the last few decades from intracapsular cataract extraction through extracapsular cataract extraction, MSICS, Access this article online","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75777919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_139_16
M. Tukur, R. Gali, D. Mshelia, Ry Geresis, A. Numan, Jt Medugu
Background: For the past decades there has been an increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide including this environment, subsequently, baseline data is needed particularly in environment dependent on transferred reference values to access the level of fasting blood glucose. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate fasting blood glucose in apparently healthy adults in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study involving 308 participants: 258 apparently healthy non-pregnant adults, comprised of 162 males and 96 females and 50 pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was administered to those that consented and the subjects did overnight fast (between 10 and 12hours) before blood sampling. Blood glucose was measured using standard methods. Mean values of fasting blood glucose and body mass index were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results: There was no significant difference in the fasting blood glucose of male (4.38±0.67 mmol/L) and female (4.38±0.60 mmol/L) subjects, (p = 0.93). The body mass index of female subjects 24.57±5.01 kg/m2 was significantly higher than their male counterparts 23.39±4.46 kg/m2 (p =0.05). There was an increasing trend of fasting blood glucose level (p = 0.85) and body mass index (p = 0.01) and also with increasing parity among the pregnant women. Conclusion: The fasting blood glucose level increases with weight, age, gestational age, and parity in pregnant women.
{"title":"Fasting Blood Glucose Level Among Apparently Healthy Adults in Maiduguri North-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"M. Tukur, R. Gali, D. Mshelia, Ry Geresis, A. Numan, Jt Medugu","doi":"10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_139_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_139_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For the past decades there has been an increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide including this environment, subsequently, baseline data is needed particularly in environment dependent on transferred reference values to access the level of fasting blood glucose. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate fasting blood glucose in apparently healthy adults in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study involving 308 participants: 258 apparently healthy non-pregnant adults, comprised of 162 males and 96 females and 50 pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was administered to those that consented and the subjects did overnight fast (between 10 and 12hours) before blood sampling. Blood glucose was measured using standard methods. Mean values of fasting blood glucose and body mass index were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results: There was no significant difference in the fasting blood glucose of male (4.38±0.67 mmol/L) and female (4.38±0.60 mmol/L) subjects, (p = 0.93). The body mass index of female subjects 24.57±5.01 kg/m2 was significantly higher than their male counterparts 23.39±4.46 kg/m2 (p =0.05). There was an increasing trend of fasting blood glucose level (p = 0.85) and body mass index (p = 0.01) and also with increasing parity among the pregnant women. Conclusion: The fasting blood glucose level increases with weight, age, gestational age, and parity in pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77557823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_141_16
Y. Ayoola, I. Ayanbisi, Adah Bonny Ejeh, Okezie Ejeagba, A. Adamu, H. Okolie
Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem globally with an increasing prevalence, severity and attendant complications on the heart and other internal organs. It was described as a silent killer due to its insidious onset and no obvious symptoms. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a basic tool that can help determine some of the changes induced on the heart by systemic hypertension especially when it’s not diagnosed early. Objectives: To determine the pattern of ECG change in newly diagnosed hypertensives (HTN) at Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. Methods: The ECG results of 1015 newly diagnosed HTN patients referred for electrocardiographic study between Jan 2012 and Dec 2016 were retrieved and reviewed. All the patients had their basic anthropometric parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) recorded. Descriptive statistics was used in analyzing the different ECG findings. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.3±14.8 years. The mean BMI was 28.9±6.5 kg/m. The mean systolic and diastolic BP were 154.7±22.0 mmHg and 93.7±12.5 mmHg respectively. The mean ECG’s Heart Rate (HR), PR interval and QTc interval were; 85.9±16.8ms, 154.1± 23.9ms, and 433.5±32.5ms respectively. The commonest ECG abnormality was left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) seen in 315(31.0%) of the patients. Some other abnormal ECG findings include; LAD (19.9%), LAE (18.7%), ST-T wave changes (14.1%), SB (1.8%), BBB (1.5%), AF (0.5%). Only 284(29%) of the patients had normal ECG. Conclusion: Most of the newly diagnosed hypertensives have already developed one or more cardiac related complications at the time of diagnosis. This further emphasizes the need for public enlightenment on regular BP check for early diagnosis and management of HTN.
{"title":"Electrocardiographic changes in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients at Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe","authors":"Y. Ayoola, I. Ayanbisi, Adah Bonny Ejeh, Okezie Ejeagba, A. Adamu, H. Okolie","doi":"10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_141_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_141_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem globally with an increasing prevalence, severity and attendant complications on the heart and other internal organs. It was described as a silent killer due to its insidious onset and no obvious symptoms. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a basic tool that can help determine some of the changes induced on the heart by systemic hypertension especially when it’s not diagnosed early. Objectives: To determine the pattern of ECG change in newly diagnosed hypertensives (HTN) at Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. Methods: The ECG results of 1015 newly diagnosed HTN patients referred for electrocardiographic study between Jan 2012 and Dec 2016 were retrieved and reviewed. All the patients had their basic anthropometric parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) recorded. Descriptive statistics was used in analyzing the different ECG findings. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.3±14.8 years. The mean BMI was 28.9±6.5 kg/m. The mean systolic and diastolic BP were 154.7±22.0 mmHg and 93.7±12.5 mmHg respectively. The mean ECG’s Heart Rate (HR), PR interval and QTc interval were; 85.9±16.8ms, 154.1± 23.9ms, and 433.5±32.5ms respectively. The commonest ECG abnormality was left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) seen in 315(31.0%) of the patients. Some other abnormal ECG findings include; LAD (19.9%), LAE (18.7%), ST-T wave changes (14.1%), SB (1.8%), BBB (1.5%), AF (0.5%). Only 284(29%) of the patients had normal ECG. Conclusion: Most of the newly diagnosed hypertensives have already developed one or more cardiac related complications at the time of diagnosis. This further emphasizes the need for public enlightenment on regular BP check for early diagnosis and management of HTN.","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78001540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_136_16
U. Umar, Dm Yunusa, A. Farate, A. Bakare
Background: Pseudoaneurysms are vascular abnormalities due to disruption of the arterial wall. Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery following bomb-blast injury is extremely rare. We report a case of 9-year-old girl who presented with one-month history of painful progressive swelling in the left thigh with previous history of improvised explosive device trauma. Doppler ultrasound scan confirmed the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery and the patient had an uneventful surgical repair. High index of suspicion following penetrating trauma of the limb and Doppler ultrasound (US) scan are important for accurate diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm. Prompt treatment is also warranted to prevent life threatening complications such as rupture and thromboembolism. The classical findings of ‘ying-yang’ sign on colour Doppler US and ‘to and fro’ spectral waveform on pulse Doppler US for diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm were demonstrated.
{"title":"Superficial Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following Blast Injury in a Child: A Case Report","authors":"U. Umar, Dm Yunusa, A. Farate, A. Bakare","doi":"10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_136_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_136_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudoaneurysms are vascular abnormalities due to disruption of the arterial wall. Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery following bomb-blast injury is extremely rare. We report a case of 9-year-old girl who presented with one-month history of painful progressive swelling in the left thigh with previous history of improvised explosive device trauma. Doppler ultrasound scan confirmed the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery and the patient had an uneventful surgical repair. High index of suspicion following penetrating trauma of the limb and Doppler ultrasound (US) scan are important for accurate diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm. Prompt treatment is also warranted to prevent life threatening complications such as rupture and thromboembolism. The classical findings of ‘ying-yang’ sign on colour Doppler US and ‘to and fro’ spectral waveform on pulse Doppler US for diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm were demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90554884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_149_16
A. Yerima, R. Akintayo, A. Akpabio, H. Olaosebikan, C. Uhunmwangho
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability and reduced quality of life. The disability associated with OA depends on the cultural and socioeconomic context. Therefore, the role of family in the management of OA cannot be over emphasized. Objective: To determine the levels of family functioning and the predictors of poor family functioning amongst patients with knee OA. Method: A multicentre cross-sectional study involving 250 adults satisfying the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical criteria for Knee OA were recruited over a period of 3 months after approval by the Ethical Review Committee of each of the study centres. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtained relevant demographic and clinical information. Family functioning was assessed using Family APGAR (Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve) questionnaire. Other variables assessed were pain, functional class, Sleep Quality, depression and radiographs. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Binary logistic regression was used to determine predictors of family functioning. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age was 59.9±10.62 and 209 (83.6%) were females. One hundred and ninety-nine (79.6%) reported a highly functional family, 40 (16.0%) and 11 (4.4%) had moderate and severely dysfunctional family respectively. APGAR scores were significantly associated with ethnicity (p=0.007) and functional class (p=0.020) and depression (p=0.013) and was best predicted by ethnicity (p=0.018, OR-1.360, CI [1.054 – 1.754]. Conclusion: Patients with knee OA seen in this study have a good level of family support. Ethnicity was the best predictor of dysfunctional family.
背景:骨关节炎(OA)是导致残疾和生活质量下降的主要原因。与OA相关的残疾取决于文化和社会经济背景。因此，家庭在OA管理中的作用再怎么强调也不为过。目的:确定膝关节炎患者的家庭功能水平和家庭功能不良的预测因素。方法:在每个研究中心的伦理审查委员会批准后，一项多中心横断面研究招募了250名满足美国风湿病学会(ACR)膝关节OA临床标准的成年人，为期3个月。采用访谈者填写的调查问卷获得相关的人口学和临床信息。采用家庭APGAR(适应、伙伴关系、成长、情感和决心)问卷评估家庭功能。评估的其他变量包括疼痛、功能等级、睡眠质量、抑郁和x光片。分析使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)版本21。采用二元逻辑回归确定家庭功能的预测因子。P值< 0.05为显著性。结果:平均年龄59.9±10.62岁，女性209例(83.6%)。高度功能失调家庭199例(79.6%)，中度功能失调家庭40例(16.0%)，重度功能失调家庭11例(4.4%)。APGAR评分与种族(p=0.007)、功能类别(p=0.020)和抑郁(p=0.013)显著相关，以种族为预测标准(p=0.018, or = 1.360, CI[1.054 - 1.754])。结论:本研究中发现的膝关节炎患者有良好的家庭支持水平。种族是家庭功能失调的最佳预测因素。
{"title":"Assessment of Family Functioning amongst Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis in Nigeria: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"A. Yerima, R. Akintayo, A. Akpabio, H. Olaosebikan, C. Uhunmwangho","doi":"10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_149_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_149_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability and reduced quality of life. The disability associated with OA depends on the cultural and socioeconomic context. Therefore, the role of family in the management of OA cannot be over emphasized. Objective: To determine the levels of family functioning and the predictors of poor family functioning amongst patients with knee OA. Method: A multicentre cross-sectional study involving 250 adults satisfying the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical criteria for Knee OA were recruited over a period of 3 months after approval by the Ethical Review Committee of each of the study centres. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtained relevant demographic and clinical information. Family functioning was assessed using Family APGAR (Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve) questionnaire. Other variables assessed were pain, functional class, Sleep Quality, depression and radiographs. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Binary logistic regression was used to determine predictors of family functioning. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age was 59.9±10.62 and 209 (83.6%) were females. One hundred and ninety-nine (79.6%) reported a highly functional family, 40 (16.0%) and 11 (4.4%) had moderate and severely dysfunctional family respectively. APGAR scores were significantly associated with ethnicity (p=0.007) and functional class (p=0.020) and depression (p=0.013) and was best predicted by ethnicity (p=0.018, OR-1.360, CI [1.054 – 1.754]. Conclusion: Patients with knee OA seen in this study have a good level of family support. Ethnicity was the best predictor of dysfunctional family.","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86016892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_145_16
Musa Muhammad Babandina, I. Abdullahi, A. Emeribe, H. Shuwa, L. Olayemi, P. Musa
Background: The trio; hypertension, obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share similar risk factors and frequently co-exist. This hospital-based case-control study investigated the relationship between high blood pressure, body mass index and plasma glucose concentration among persons attending Nigeria National hospital, Abuja. Materials and methods: After ethical approval, 45 case subjects (known T2DM) and 45 controls (non-diabetics) within the age range of 25-60 years were enrolled and their body mass index and blood pressure (BP) measured. Furthermore, the case group were subdivided into 15 Diabetic patients ≤ 5 years on treatment (group 1), 15 Diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease (group 2), 15 Diabetic patients with nephropathy (group 3) and the control group subdivided into 15 apparently healthy subjects (control 1), 15 Non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease (control 2), and 15 Non-diabetic patients with nephropathy (control 3). Results: Seventy-five (83.3 %) of both the subject and control had no family history of diabetes while only 15 (16.7 %) were reported to have family history of diabetes. There was significant association between family history of diabetes with the presence of T2DM among participants (p = 0.001). Forty-one (45.5 %) of the subjects had normal BMI as against 49 (54.4 %) that were obese. Forty-four (48.8 %) of all groups were normotensive while 46 (51.1%) had high blood pressure (> 140/100 mmHg). Similarly, 41 (45.5 %) of the subjects had normal BMI as against 49 (54.4 %). There was significant difference in the proportions of overweight among the different study groups (p =0.007). High BMI occurred mostly in diabetic subjects with nephropathy. The diabetic subjects with nephropathy and apparently health non-diabetic subjects had the most cases of high BP. There is significant difference in blood pressure among the study groups (p=0.002). Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed that obesity and a family history of diabetes are important risk factors for T2DM. Hence, early BP management and body weight regulation are needed to prevent DM and its complications.
{"title":"Inter-relationship between type-2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and Hypertension in Nigeria","authors":"Musa Muhammad Babandina, I. Abdullahi, A. Emeribe, H. Shuwa, L. Olayemi, P. Musa","doi":"10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_145_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31173/BOMJ.BOMJ_145_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The trio; hypertension, obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share similar risk factors and frequently co-exist. This hospital-based case-control study investigated the relationship between high blood pressure, body mass index and plasma glucose concentration among persons attending Nigeria National hospital, Abuja. Materials and methods: After ethical approval, 45 case subjects (known T2DM) and 45 controls (non-diabetics) within the age range of 25-60 years were enrolled and their body mass index and blood pressure (BP) measured. Furthermore, the case group were subdivided into 15 Diabetic patients ≤ 5 years on treatment (group 1), 15 Diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease (group 2), 15 Diabetic patients with nephropathy (group 3) and the control group subdivided into 15 apparently healthy subjects (control 1), 15 Non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease (control 2), and 15 Non-diabetic patients with nephropathy (control 3). Results: Seventy-five (83.3 %) of both the subject and control had no family history of diabetes while only 15 (16.7 %) were reported to have family history of diabetes. There was significant association between family history of diabetes with the presence of T2DM among participants (p = 0.001). Forty-one (45.5 %) of the subjects had normal BMI as against 49 (54.4 %) that were obese. Forty-four (48.8 %) of all groups were normotensive while 46 (51.1%) had high blood pressure (> 140/100 mmHg). Similarly, 41 (45.5 %) of the subjects had normal BMI as against 49 (54.4 %). There was significant difference in the proportions of overweight among the different study groups (p =0.007). High BMI occurred mostly in diabetic subjects with nephropathy. The diabetic subjects with nephropathy and apparently health non-diabetic subjects had the most cases of high BP. There is significant difference in blood pressure among the study groups (p=0.002). Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed that obesity and a family history of diabetes are important risk factors for T2DM. Hence, early BP management and body weight regulation are needed to prevent DM and its complications.","PeriodicalId":9110,"journal":{"name":"BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87548142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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