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How Limited are our Resources 我们的资源有多有限
Pub Date : 2016-07-30 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000278
C. Classen
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引用次数: 0
Physicians’ Experiences of Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Orders in Hematology and Oncology Care – A Qualitative Study 医生在血液学和肿瘤学护理中不复苏(DNR)命令的经验-一项定性研究
Pub Date : 2016-07-25 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000275
Mona Pettersson, Mariann Hedström, A. Höglund
Objective: In oncology and hematology care, a patient can have such a poor prognosis that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for cardiac arrest is not considered feasible. The responsible physician can then decide to apply a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order, meaning that neither basic (heart compressions and ventilation) nor advanced (defibrillator or medicines) CPR should be performed. Previous research has found disagreement in relation to DNR decisions among physicians and nurses working in this field. The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of physicians with respect to DNR orders within hematology and oncology care, in order to better understand their specific roles in this decision-making process, with focus on the ethical aspects of the decisions. Methods: Individual interviews were performed with 16 physicians working in hematology and oncology departments at seven hospitals in Sweden. Data were analyzed using systematic text condensation (STC). Results: Two main parts of the data were discerned. The first described the physicians’ different roles in the team in relation to decisions on DNR, as decision maker, patient advocate and mediator for relatives and team member. In the second part the physicians shared their experiences of making ethically challenging decisions on DNR. The experiences ranged from feeling as though they were making themselves God, to regarding a DNR order as one regular medical decision among others. The physicians made decisions on CPR or DNR with the patient's best interests in mind, primarily on medical grounds. However, they also considered ethical aspects of the decision, weighing beneficence versus maleficence. Conclusion: The results indicate that DNR decisions in oncology and hematology care are not only taken on medical grounds, such as the prognosis of the disease and the expected survival after CPR, but also with reference to ethical values, such as patient autonomy and the quality of life after resuscitation.
目的:在肿瘤学和血液学护理中,患者可能预后不良,心脏骤停的心肺复苏(CPR)不被认为是可行的。然后负责的医生可以决定申请不复苏(DNR)命令,这意味着既不应该进行基本的(心脏按压和通气)也不应该进行高级的(除颤器或药物)心肺复苏术。先前的研究发现,在这一领域工作的医生和护士之间,关于DNR决定存在分歧。本研究的目的是探讨医生在血液学和肿瘤学护理中关于DNR订单的经验和看法,以便更好地了解他们在这一决策过程中的具体角色,重点关注决策的伦理方面。方法:对瑞典7家医院的16名血液科和肿瘤科医生进行单独访谈。采用系统文本浓缩(STC)对数据进行分析。结果:对数据的两个主要部分进行了识别。第一部分描述了医生在团队中与DNR决策相关的不同角色,作为决策者、患者倡导者和亲属和团队成员的调解人。在第二部分中,医生们分享了他们在DNR中做出具有道德挑战性的决定的经验。经历的范围从感觉好像他们把自己变成了上帝,到将DNR命令视为其他常规医疗决定中的一个。医生在做心肺复苏术或不抢救的决定时,要考虑到病人的最大利益,主要是出于医学上的考虑。然而,他们也考虑了道德方面的决定,权衡善行与邪恶。结论:肿瘤学和血液学护理的DNR决策不仅要考虑疾病预后和心肺复苏后的预期生存等医学因素,还要考虑患者自主权和复苏后的生活质量等伦理价值。
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引用次数: 2
Efficacy of Continuous Brachial Plexus Block for Intractable Cancer Pain in a Terminal Patient 持续臂丛神经阻滞治疗晚期顽固性癌性疼痛的疗效
Pub Date : 2016-07-25 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000274
T. Hashimoto, T. Nakatani, Ichiro Sutou, Yoji Saito
We report a case of terminal cancer in which continuous peripheral nerve block provided effective relief for cancer-related pain that was difficult to control with pharmacotherapy. A 70-year-old woman with thyroid cancer, paraplegia due to multiple bone metastases, and cauliflower-like proliferation of skin metastasis on the left upper arm was receiving inpatient palliative care. Intractable pain during treatment of the tumor and when changing body position due to metastatic tumor and pathological fracture of the left humerus was difficult to control with pharmacotherapy. Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block was therefore performed, resulting in effective pain relief over the subsequent 38 days before death. Ultrasound-guided continuous peripheral nerve block can be performed at the bedside in patients in poor general condition who cannot tolerate neuraxial block, and should be considered in cases of terminal cancer patient suffering from intractable pain despite pharmacotherapy.
我们报告一例晚期癌症患者,持续的周围神经阻滞提供了有效的缓解与癌症相关的疼痛,难以控制的药物治疗。一名70岁的妇女患有甲状腺癌,多发性骨转移导致截瘫,左上臂花菜样皮肤转移增生,正在接受住院姑息治疗。由于肿瘤转移及左肱骨病理性骨折,肿瘤治疗期间及体位改变时的难治性疼痛难以用药物治疗控制。因此,持续的斜角肌间臂丛阻滞在死亡前的38天内有效缓解了疼痛。超声引导下的连续周围神经阻滞可以在床边进行,一般情况较差,不能耐受神经阻滞的患者,也可以考虑在药物治疗后仍有顽固性疼痛的晚期癌症患者。
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引用次数: 1
Promoting Post-Traumatic Growth among Taiwanese Cancer Survivors: CulturalIssues 促进台湾癌症幸存者创伤后成长:文化议题
Pub Date : 2016-07-23 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000273
Yun-Hsiang Lee, Jui-Chun Chan, In-Fun Li, Y. Hsiung
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a phenomenon notable among cancer survivors who endure aggressive, lifethreatening treatment of severe illnesses. Such growth manifests through improved physical health, strengthened psycho-spiritual resilience, intensified coping skills, and better utilization of resources. Due to the scarce literature, the link between cancer survivorship and PTG remains unclear in Taiwan and further complicated by cultural issues. Presented in this article are summated findings from cross-cultural literature of PTG among cancer survivors, particularly various observations of posttraumatic stress and coping between Eastern and Western cultures. Clinical implications are followed to encourage health care providers to cogitate culture-specific meanings in survivors’ cancer-related posttraumatic experiences. There lies a cultural need to fill in the knowledge gap in order to ultimately promote PTG and improve cancer survivors’ quality of post-cancer life in Taiwan.
创伤后生长(PTG)是癌症幸存者中一个值得注意的现象,他们忍受着严重疾病的积极的、危及生命的治疗。这种成长表现为身体健康的改善、心理精神韧性的增强、应对技能的增强以及对资源的更好利用。由于文献匮乏,台湾癌症存活率与PTG之间的关系尚不清楚,且文化因素使其进一步复杂化。本文总结了关于癌症幸存者创伤后应激障碍的跨文化文献,特别是关于创伤后应激障碍的各种观察和东西方文化之间的应对。临床意义遵循鼓励卫生保健提供者思考文化特定的意义在幸存者的癌症相关的创伤后经历。为了最终推广PTG,提高台湾癌症幸存者的癌症后生活质量,文化上需要填补知识空白。
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引用次数: 2
Studying Cost as a Factor in the Choice between Quality and Quantity of Life amongst Patients with Cancer and their Caregivers at a Cancer Centre in Singapore 在新加坡癌症中心研究成本作为癌症患者及其护理人员选择生活质量和数量的一个因素
Pub Date : 2016-07-22 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000276
K. Tay, L. Rachel, Sim Shin Wei Dorsett, Sumytra Menon, R. Kanesvaran, R. Puvanendran, L. Krishna
Background: Treatment costs and sociocultural concerns play a significant role in decisions regarding Quantity of Life (QuoL) options that seek to prolong life, such as chemotherapy, or a Quality of Life (QoL) approach where the patient refuses available treatments such as chemotherapy in favour of maximizing comfort and quality of life at the end of life in Singapore. Deciphering the reasons behind such care decisions is often difficult because of local social taboos regarding discussions about death and dying. Objectives: To scrutinize the rationale behind QuoL and QoL within the Singapore context and delineate the impact of cost upon such decisions. Methods: To overcome local sociocultural taboos about discussing death and dying with patients, participants watched a video vignette of a family discussing treatment options for their mother (Mrs Tan) who was recently diagnosed with terminal cancer. Participants were asked what advice they would offer Mrs Tan regarding her treatment plans in the face of a poor prognosis, incurable cancer and costly treatment. Participants were then asked what their advice would be when the costs of treatment was covered by the patient’s insurance policy. Their responses were evaluated using Grounded Theory analysis. Setting/Subjects: 132 oncology patients and their caregivers were recruited from an ambulatory treatment unit at a tertiary oncology centre. Results: 63 (47.7%) of 132 participants advised Mrs Tan to opt for the QoL approach but when treatment costs were covered by insurance, only 5 (3.8%) of 132 participants chose QoL, whilst 108 (81.8%) participants chose QuoL options. Conclusion: Whilst cost is a significant factor in end of life decision making, strong sociocultural influences that perceive QoL approaches as ‘giving up’ ultimately determines the course of care.
背景:在新加坡,治疗费用和社会文化问题在寻求延长生命的生命量(QuoL)选择的决策中起着重要作用,例如化疗,或者在患者拒绝化疗等现有治疗的情况下,选择生活质量(QoL)方法,以最大限度地提高生命末期的舒适度和生活质量。由于当地关于死亡和临终的社会禁忌,要解释这些护理决定背后的原因往往很困难。目的:在新加坡的背景下,仔细研究生活质量和生活质量背后的基本原理,并描述成本对此类决策的影响。方法:为了克服当地关于与病人讨论死亡和临终的社会文化禁忌,参与者观看了一个家庭讨论其母亲(谭女士)的治疗方案的视频短片,她最近被诊断为癌症晚期。参与者被问及面对预后不佳、无法治愈的癌症和昂贵的治疗方案,他们会给谭女士什么建议。然后,参与者被问及当治疗费用由患者的保险政策支付时,他们的建议是什么。他们的反应是用扎根理论分析来评估的。环境/对象:从三级肿瘤中心的门诊治疗单位招募132名肿瘤患者及其护理人员。结果:132名参与者中有63名(47.7%)建议谭女士选择生活质量方法,但当治疗费用由保险支付时,132名参与者中只有5名(3.8%)选择生活质量,而108名(81.8%)参与者选择生活质量选项。结论:虽然成本是临终决策的重要因素,但强烈的社会文化影响将生活质量方法视为“放弃”最终决定了护理过程。
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引用次数: 1
Blindsided: A Palliative Care Chaplain Reflects on Humanness 猝不及防:一位姑息治疗牧师对人性的反思
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000271
Marcia OrrPounders
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引用次数: 0
Decreased Survival in African Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer 非洲三阴性乳腺癌患者生存率降低
Pub Date : 2016-06-29 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000270
M. Honório, N. Guerra-Pereira, Júlia Silva, J. Alves, A. Filipa, S. Braga
Introduction: Triple Negative Breast Carcinomas (TNBC) are more prevalent in younger women especially those with African Ancestry, in whom the disease appears to be more aggressive. Since there are no data on Africans living in continental Europe, we sought to analyse a sample of African women from a European country and determine if, like African Americans, they have more aggressive tumor biology and poorer outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of TNBC to compare clinical and pathological features and survival between African and non-African patients. All women presented with breast cancer (BC), between 2005 and 2014, to a single general hospital, in Portugal. Results: A total of 144 (9.3% of the whole sample) TNBC patients were identified and amongst these, 17 were African (12%). African patients were not significantly younger than non-African patients (median age of 60 years vs 57.2 years, respectively, p=0.59). Regarding tumor size, nodal status and histologic grade at presentation, these variables were very similar between the two cohorts. Nevertheless, the prevalence of initially metastatic BC was significantly higher among the African population (41.2% vs 11%, p<0,005) and the outcome was worse for these patients (median survival: 62 vs 15 months, p<0.005). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that African patients more frequently presented with late stage disease and worse survival outcome than the non-African population. These findings may be explained by more aggressive tumor biology.
简介:三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)在年轻女性中更为普遍,特别是非洲血统的女性,这种疾病似乎更具侵袭性。由于没有关于生活在欧洲大陆的非洲人的数据,我们试图分析一个来自欧洲国家的非洲妇女样本,并确定是否像非洲裔美国人一样,她们的肿瘤生物学更强,预后更差。方法:我们对非洲和非非洲TNBC患者的临床和病理特征以及生存率进行了回顾性研究。2005年至2014年期间,所有患有乳腺癌(BC)的妇女都到葡萄牙的一家综合医院就诊。结果:共鉴定出144例(占整个样本的9.3%)TNBC患者,其中17例为非洲患者(12%)。非洲患者并不明显比非非洲患者年轻(中位年龄分别为60岁和57.2岁,p=0.59)。关于肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态和发病时的组织学分级,这些变量在两个队列之间非常相似。然而,非洲人群中初始转移性BC的患病率明显更高(41.2% vs 11%, p<0.005),这些患者的预后更差(中位生存期:62个月vs 15个月,p<0.005)。结论:我们的研究表明,非洲患者比非非洲人群更频繁地出现晚期疾病和更差的生存结果。这些发现可以用更具侵袭性的肿瘤生物学来解释。
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引用次数: 3
Sarahs Journey through the End of Life: A Literary and Pictorial Analysis 莎拉的生命终结之旅:文学与图像分析
Pub Date : 2016-06-24 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000272
Anat Romem, Jorunn Opstad Carmel, Chaya Greenberger
Coming to grips with End of Life (EOL) is a stressful and emotionally draining experience. Coping with the circumstances is extremely challenging both for patient and caregiver. The ability to express one’s thoughts and feelings is paramount to a successful and meaningful closure. Often, unfortunately, this goal eludes both the individual and his or her caregivers. Alternatives to verbal modes of communication, such as diarizing, need to therefore be explored. The purpose of this report is to present an abridged version of excerpts from a diary written by one of our patients, with an accompanying pictorial interpretation of these excerpts chosen from the paintings of Edvard Munch. Munch is an early 20th century Norwegian painter, some of whose major themes relate to disease, emotional turmoil, death, and separation. They reflect a life overwhelmed by recurrent family tragedy and the artist’s attempt to relieve his profound sadness and grief through an artistic medium. With the family’s permission, our palliative care team uses this diary and parallel expressions from selected paintings by Munch in its staff training seminars. Group reflection on the writings and paintings has proved to be a successful avenue for enabling our staff to better understand the journey through end of life and to empower the facilitation of patients’ therapeutic description of their unique journeys. It is our hope that the report will inspire additional professionals to utilize similar techniques for staff development in their care units.
面对生命的终结(EOL)是一种充满压力和情感消耗的经历。对病人和护理人员来说,应对这种情况都是极具挑战性的。表达一个人的想法和感受的能力对于一个成功和有意义的结束是至关重要的。通常,不幸的是,这个目标对个人和他或她的照顾者都是遥不可及的。因此,需要探索诸如写日记之类的语言交流方式的替代品。本报告的目的是介绍我们的一位病人所写的日记节选的节选版本,并附有这些节选自爱德华·蒙克画作的图片解释。蒙克是20世纪早期的挪威画家,他的一些主要主题与疾病、情感动荡、死亡和分离有关。它们反映了一个被反复发生的家庭悲剧所淹没的生活,以及艺术家试图通过艺术媒介来缓解他深刻的悲伤和悲伤。经家属同意,我们的姑息治疗团队在员工培训研讨会上使用了这本日记和蒙克画作中的平行表达。小组对文字和绘画的反思已被证明是一个成功的途径,使我们的员工更好地了解生命结束的旅程,并赋予患者对其独特旅程的治疗性描述提供便利。我们希望,该报告将激励更多的专业人员利用类似的技术,在他们的护理单位工作人员的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Holistic Approach to Complex Cancer Pain 综合性癌症疼痛的整体治疗方法
Pub Date : 2016-06-14 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000269
Neoh Sue Wern
Cancer pain is a major cause of disability and suffering at the end of life. Cancer pain affects a significant number of patients at the end of life. This case report seeks to highlight some of the complexities associated with managing cancer pain in terminally ill patients.
癌症疼痛是导致残疾和临终痛苦的主要原因。癌症疼痛影响了很多临终病人。本病例报告旨在强调与管理晚期患者癌症疼痛相关的一些复杂性。
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引用次数: 1
Palliative Care: UAE Perspective 姑息治疗:阿联酋的观点
Pub Date : 2016-06-11 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000267
N. Al-Alfi
This time I am going to share a story of one of the patients that I have come across while being in a clinical training rotation with my students. What provoked me to write about this case; is how holistically this patient is not being treated! Of course, not on purpose. But incomplete assessment of her case, joined with lack of simple but yet proper knowledge, placed her in that situation. And to be fair towards the staff in that hospital, there are no palliative care consultant, not to mention a multidisciplinary team. And also, it is not a designated hospital for managing oncology patients comprehensively. But yet, they do receive cancer patients due to proximity of area for some patients, or due to insurance coverage issues.
这次我要和大家分享一个关于我在和我的学生进行临床轮转培训时遇到的一个病人的故事。是什么促使我写这个案子的?病人没有得到全面的治疗!当然,不是故意的。但对她的情况的不完整评估,加上缺乏简单但适当的知识,使她陷入了那种境地。公平地说,那家医院没有姑息治疗顾问,更不用说多学科团队了。而且,它也不是综合性肿瘤患者管理的指定医院。但是,他们还是会接收癌症患者,因为一些患者的区域很近,或者因为保险范围的问题。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of palliative care & medicine
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