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Careful place 小心的地方
Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V9I1.3439
Maria Eidenskog
In Vallastaden, a newly built city district in Sweden, place is carefully crafted to make it into a role model city district of the future. These “careful places” are built with care, but also require physical care, such as cleaning and gardening, as well as administrative care through paperwork and organizing. This article focuses on how thinking with care in the analysis of the planning for and living in Vallastaden can contribute to highlighting the complexities often made invisible in city planning and put what is marginalized at the centre. The article empirically studies how the planning of careful places is done in planning documents and builds on workshops with residents in Vallastaden. In the workshops, inhabitants of Vallastaden are asked to draw their own map of their city district, so called mental maps. These mental maps are discussed with regard to how place in Vallastaden enables care, is cared for, and what troubles they bring. Careful place has the power to create tensions in planning, which is handled by making some matters absent or translated into other matters of care. Likewise, careful place is enacted with multifold practices in the everyday life of the residents in Vallastaden, intertwining self-care, care for the environment as well as a caring space for sharing problems in virtual space. Staying with the troubles of careful place creates awareness of otherwise neglected matters, such as how socio-economic diversity is translated into diversity in housing, and through this approach turn to the ethico-politics of urban planning.
在瑞典新建的城市Vallastaden,这个地方被精心设计成未来的模范城市。这些“细心的地方”是精心建造的,但也需要物理护理,如清洁和园艺,以及通过文书工作和组织的行政护理。本文关注的是,在分析巴伐利亚登的规划和生活时,如何谨慎思考,从而突出城市规划中经常被忽视的复杂性,并将边缘化的东西置于中心位置。本文实证研究了如何在规划文件中对谨慎的场所进行规划,并建立在与瓦拉斯塔登居民的研讨会上。在工作室里,瓦拉斯塔登的居民被要求画出他们自己的城市区域地图,也就是所谓的心理地图。这些心理地图讨论了巴伐利亚登的地方如何提供照顾,被照顾,以及它们带来了什么麻烦。谨慎的地方有能力在计划中制造紧张,这是通过使一些事项缺席或转化为其他事项来处理的。同样,“细心的地方”在Vallastaden居民的日常生活中有着多重的实践,交织着自我照顾、对环境的照顾以及在虚拟空间中分享问题的关心空间。关注谨慎的地方带来的麻烦,让人们意识到其他被忽视的问题,比如社会经济多样性如何转化为住房的多样性,并通过这种方法转向城市规划的伦理政治。
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引用次数: 0
Abandoning questionnaires 放弃调查问卷
Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V9I1.3545
Anna Mann
Care-concepts have proliferated over the past couple of years, and have been used tostudy all kinds of practices, situations and sites. This begs the question: What is gained bystudying practices in terms of care? The paper addresses this question by using a specificcare-approach, which is the study of daily life dealings (Mol et al., 2010). It mobilises thisapproach to investigate a particular object, namely a good provision of haemodialysistreatment in nephrology practice. It does so in a given place, a dialysis unit in Austria.Based on ethnographic fieldwork with a focus on how patients' quality of life was improved,the paper reports how, in this dialysis unit, a quality of life questionnaire was introducedbut soon abandoned. It first analyses how the prominent ideal that quality of life is to bemeasured with a questionnaire arrived in the goings-on in the unit. It then teases out howconnecting and disconnecting patients to dialysis machines, and seeing them during thedaily round enacted knowing, improving and quality of life in other ways than the prominentpractice. It argues that questionnaires, forms, protocols, and the prominent practice theyare part of may not only be made to fit into daily clinical practices or that daily life dealingsare other to prominent practices. Daily clinical practices may also be the basis upon whichquestionnaires, forms, protocols, and the prominent practice they are part of are evaluated,abandoned, and forgotten. Recommending further investigation into the conditions ofpossibilities for alternative enactments of a good provision of health care to thrive, thepaper concludes that what has been gained by using this specific care-approach to studythis particular object are insights into daily life practices that have so far been othered innephrology practice and STS.
在过去的几年里,护理概念激增,并被用于研究各种实践、情况和场所。这就引出了一个问题:从护理的角度研究实践可以获得什么?本文通过使用一种特殊的护理方法来解决这个问题,即对日常生活事务的研究(Mol等人,2010)。它调动了这种方法来研究一个特定的目标,即在肾脏病实践中提供良好的血液透析治疗。这是在一个特定的地方,奥地利的一个透析单位。基于民族志实地调查,重点关注患者的生活质量是如何提高的,本文报道了在这个透析单位,生活质量问卷是如何被引入但很快被放弃的。它首先分析了生活质量这一突出的理想是如何用问卷来衡量的。然后,它调侃了如何将患者与透析机连接和断开,并在日常生活中看到他们以其他方式而不是突出的实践来实现了解、改善和生活质量。它认为,问卷、表格、协议及其所属的突出实践可能不仅适合日常临床实践,也可能是日常生活交易与突出实践无关。日常临床实践也可能是评估、放弃和遗忘问卷、表格、协议及其所属的重要实践的基础。该论文建议进一步调查替代性提供良好医疗保健的可能性条件,得出结论,通过使用这种特定的护理方法来研究这一特定对象所获得的是对日常生活实践的深入了解,而这些实践迄今为止在肾科实践和STS中是不同的。
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引用次数: 3
Destructive care 破坏性护理
Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V9I1.3539
A. Varfolomeeva
There is a growing awareness of the essential similarities between care and maintenance notions in more-than-human settings. Whereas the concept of care is increasingly extended towards non-living organisms, research on maintenance and repair still focuses mainly on technologies and infrastructures. This article extends the realm of maintenance theorizing towards humans' caretaking activities and discusses the concepts' parallels. It focuses on the case study of Veps ethnic minority in Karelia, Northwestern Russia. Since the 18th century, Veps have been extracting rare ornamental stones: gabbro-diabase and raspberry quartzite. The article demonstrates that Veps workers engage in close bodily and material interactions with the mining industry. Whereas many of them enter into affective relations with the stone, their attitudes towards their bodies and health become estranged and detached. The article introduces the concept of "destructive care" to analyze the process of the workers' growing alienation from their bodily needs. Through the Veps' example, the article demonstrates that the logics of care and maintenance become entangled in the realm of human – material co-existence.
人们越来越意识到,在不仅仅是人类环境中,护理和维护概念之间存在着本质上的相似性。尽管护理的概念越来越多地扩展到非生物体,但对维护和维修的研究仍然主要集中在技术和基础设施上。本文将维护理论的范围扩展到人类的照顾活动,并讨论了这些概念的相似性。重点对俄罗斯西北部卡累利阿的韦普斯少数民族进行了个案研究。自18世纪以来,Veps一直在开采稀有的观赏石:辉长岩辉绿岩和树莓石英岩。这篇文章表明,Veps的工人与采矿业有着密切的身体和物质互动。尽管他们中的许多人与这块石头建立了情感关系,但他们对身体和健康的态度变得疏远和超然。本文引入了“破坏性护理”的概念,分析了工人对身体需求日益异化的过程。通过Veps的例子,文章证明了护理和维护的逻辑纠缠在人与物质共存的领域中。
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引用次数: 1
Editorial: Care in STS 社论:STS的关怀
Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V9I1.4000
L. Lindén, Doris Lydahl
During the last 10 years the Science and Technology Studies (STS) community has witnessed a flourishing, intense and multifaceted engagement around “care”. While care had been addressed already before in Joanna Latimer’s The conduct of care: Understanding nursing practice (Latimer, 2000) , and in Jeanette Pols’ Good care: Enacting a complex ideal in long term-psychiatry (Pols, 2004), care seemed to be on everybody’s lips around 2010. Around the same time, the edited volume Care in practice: On tinkering in clinics, homes and farms (Mol et al., 2010) and the article Matters of care in technoscience: Assembling neglected things (Puig de la Bellacasa, 2011) were published. With akin, yet partly diverging, agendas and concerns, these two key publications drastically increased the amount of research that identify with something like an area of “care studies” in STS. This can also be seen in the publication of special issues devoted to care during the last years, notably the much-cited 2015 issue in Social Studies of Science focused on feminist technoscience interventions into the politics and “darker sides” of care (Martin et al., 2015), and the more recent on relationalities and specificities of care in East Asian Science, Technology and Society (Coopmans & McNamara, 2020). Noteworthy is also the special issue on “The politics of policy practices” in The Sociological Review Monograph, where Gill et al. (2017) discuss how policy and care are entangled, and how such entanglements could be enacted more “care-fully”. These publications have spurred rich and generative engagements about ways to attend to the affective, ethico-political and/or material layers of care, within and beyond areas traditionally thought of as related to care (such as healthcare and childcare).
在过去的10年里,科学和技术研究(STS)社区见证了围绕“护理”的蓬勃发展、激烈和多方面的参与。虽然Joanna Latimer的《护理行为:理解护理实践》(Latimer,2000)和Jeanette Pols的《良好护理:在长期精神病学中实现复杂的理想》(Pols,2004)中已经提到了护理问题,但在2010年前后,护理似乎成了每个人的谈资。大约在同一时间,编辑出版了《实践中的护理:诊所、家庭和农场的修补》一书(Mol et al.,2010)和《技术科学中的护理问题:组装被忽视的东西》一文(Puig de la Bellacasa,2011)。由于议程和关注点相似但部分不同,这两份关键出版物大幅增加了与STS中的“护理研究”领域相一致的研究数量。这一点也可以从过去几年专门讨论护理的特刊中看出,尤其是《科学社会研究》2015年一期被大量引用的文章,重点关注女权主义技术科学对政治和护理“黑暗面”的干预(Martin et al.,2015),以及《东亚科学》中最近关于护理的关系性和特殊性的文章,技术与社会(Coopmans&McNamara,2020)。值得注意的还有《社会学评论专论》中关于“政策实践的政治”的特刊,Gill等人(2017)讨论了政策和关怀是如何纠缠在一起的,以及如何更“谨慎”地实施这种纠缠。这些出版物激发了人们对如何在传统上被认为与护理相关的领域(如医疗保健和儿童保育)内外关注护理的情感、伦理、政治和/或物质层面的丰富而富有创造性的参与。
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引用次数: 13
Citizen science 公民科学
Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.5324/njsts.v8i2.3547
P. Hetland
How do civic educators and citizen communities co-construct access, interaction, and participation and bridge contributory and democratized citizen science? This study builds on interviews and observations with amateur naturalists, professional biologists, and public authorities about their participation in the Species Observations System (SO)—Norway’s largest citizen science (CS) project. Over more than twenty years, CS has been understood as either contributory (contributing with data) or democratized (emancipating the pursuit of science). Following these models, CS studies has developed a number of classifications of CS projects. The present article aims to bridge contributory CS and democratized CS by using the access, interaction, and participation (AIP) model outlined by Carpentier, without extending the number of classifications. Access and interaction signify contributory CS. Well-functioning technology is a precondition for joining the ranks of records, contributors, validators, and institutional actors. Interaction is the second founding stone of participation, and organizations are crucial to facilitating interaction. Participation signifies democratized CS. The choice of technology involves important dimensions of power, as technology structures actions. However, the ability to build and sustain the technological infrastructure also illustrates that participation is organizational power, enacted both from the bottom-up and top-down.
公民教育者和公民社区如何共同构建获取、互动和参与,并在贡献和民主化的公民科学之间架起桥梁?本研究建立在对业余博物学家、专业生物学家和公共机构的采访和观察的基础上,了解他们参与物种观察系统(SO)——挪威最大的公民科学(CS)项目。二十多年来,计算机科学被理解为要么贡献(贡献数据),要么民主化(解放对科学的追求)。在这些模型的基础上,计算机科学研究发展了许多计算机科学项目的分类。本文旨在通过使用卡彭蒂尔概述的访问、互动和参与(AIP)模型,在不扩展分类数量的情况下,架起贡献型计算机科学和民主化计算机科学的桥梁。访问和互动意味着贡献的CS。功能良好的技术是加入记录、贡献者、验证者和机构参与者行列的先决条件。互动是参与的第二个基石,组织对于促进互动至关重要。参与意味着民主化的计算机科学。技术的选择涉及权力的重要维度,因为技术结构了行动。然而,构建和维持技术基础设施的能力也说明了参与是一种组织力量,自下而上和自上而下都有。
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引用次数: 1
Mediating imaginaries 调解虚
Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.5324/njsts.v8i2.3560
O. Tafdrup
The aim of this article is to illustrate how visions of the future—sociotechnical imaginaries— mediate and thus shape sociotechnical practices involving educational robots in a Danish school context. In the analysis I show how imaginaries are manifested both in technological artefacts, teachers’ discourse and in policy documents from political bodies such as the OECD and the Danish Agency for Digitisation (DIGST). To show this manifestation, I apply two concepts: The Science and Technology Studies (STS) concept of ‘sociotechnical imaginaries’ as formulated by Sheila Jasanoff (2015) and the concept of ‘mediation’ known from postphenomenological tradition. I develop an analytical framework based on these two concepts and coin a third — ‘symbolic mediation’ — to present and analyse a case study based on an ethnographic field study that included semi-structured interviews conducted in a Danish school setting. The case study shows how the use of the robot NAO—an educational technology—is driven by two related imaginaries that both serve as arguments for implementing and using the robot—the imaginary of the digital future and the imaginary of educational optimization.
这篇文章的目的是说明未来的愿景——社会技术想象——如何在丹麦学校环境中调解并塑造涉及教育机器人的社会技术实践。在分析中,我展示了想象力是如何在技术人工制品、教师话语和经合组织和丹麦数字化机构(DIGST)等政治机构的政策文件中表现出来的。为了展示这种表现,我应用了两个概念:Sheila Jasanoff(2015)提出的“社会技术想象”的科学技术研究(STS)概念和后现象学传统中的“中介”概念。我基于这两个概念开发了一个分析框架,并创建了第三个框架——“象征性中介”——来呈现和分析一个基于人种学实地研究的案例研究,其中包括在丹麦学校环境中进行的半结构化访谈。案例研究表明,机器人NAO(一种教育技术)的使用是如何由两个相关的想象驱动的,这两个想象都是实现和使用机器人的论据——数字未来的想象和教育优化的想象。
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引用次数: 3
Book review: The Software Arts 书评:软件艺术
Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.5324/njsts.v8i2.3835
Ragnhild Solberg
The words “computing” and “software” are sure to create some images in your mind. These images might be of machines or data chips, circuit boards or Boolean algebra, perhaps even sentient machines of the science fiction type. In The Software Arts (2019), Warren Sack argues that they should also be of grammar, logic, and rhetoric; in short, the trivium of the liberal arts.
“计算”和“软件”这两个词一定会在你的脑海中产生一些图像。这些图像可能是机器或数据芯片、电路板或布尔代数,甚至可能是科幻小说类型的感知机器。在《软件艺术》(2019)中,沃伦·萨克认为它们也应该是语法、逻辑和修辞的;简言之,是文科的精华。
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引用次数: 0
Staying with “the new normal” 坚持“新常态”
Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.5324/njsts.v8i2.3834
R. Søraa
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引用次数: 0
Energy efficiency in Norwegian news media 挪威新闻媒体的能源效率
Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.5324/njsts.v8i2.3393
J. Johansen, J. Røyrvik, H. Fyhn
This article investigates how energy efficiency features in Norwegian news media discourse. Based on an analysis of 309 news articles, we explore the objectification of energy efficiency and its rhetorical connections to energy savings and reductions. Energy efficiency is surrounded by positive overtones and used flexibly to include different meanings as well as effects. As a discursive object, the term wields significant rhetorical and legitimizing power, producing consensus across conflicting narratives and controversies in what we call the “discourse-as-usual”. We argue that energy efficiency shares characteristics with boundary objects, conveying an interpretive flexibility to bridge otherwise incommensurable perspectives on the need to decrease or increase absolute energy consumption. However, there are a few instances where controversy turns toward energy efficiency itself, revealing different views on absolute limits to energy consumption. By scrutinizing one of these glitches in consensus, we examine the normal through the anomaly to pinpoint the moral prerogative of energy efficiency in the discourse-as-usual. By black-boxing the complex relationship between efficiency and reductions, the term allows for avoiding the question of absolute limits to energy consumption in news media debates. Rather than translate between climate change and economic stability and growth narratives, we assert that energy efficiency as a discursive object conceals opposition between them. We discuss this concealment as a form of system dependency, as it is by black-boxing the effects of energy efficiency that it can unite adversaries and ensure ongoing activity.
本文调查了挪威新闻媒体话语中能源效率的特点。基于对309篇新闻文章的分析,我们探讨了能源效率的客观化及其与节能减排的修辞联系。能源效率被积极的含义所包围,并灵活地使用,包括不同的含义和效果。作为一个话语对象,这个词具有重要的修辞和合法化力量,在我们所谓的“话语如常”的冲突叙述和争议中产生共识。我们认为,能源效率与边界对象具有共同的特征,传达了一种解释灵活性,以弥合在减少或增加绝对能源消耗的需求方面不可比拟的观点。然而,也有一些争议转向了能源效率本身,揭示了对能源消耗绝对限制的不同看法。通过仔细研究共识中的一个小故障,我们通过异常来检查正常,以确定能源效率在一如既往的话语中的道德特权。通过将效率和减排之间的复杂关系“黑盒化”,该术语可以避免新闻媒体辩论中能源消耗绝对限制的问题。我们不是在气候变化与经济稳定和增长叙事之间进行转换,而是断言,能源效率作为一个话语对象,掩盖了它们之间的对立。我们将这种隐蔽性作为系统依赖的一种形式来讨论,因为它是通过对能源效率的影响进行黑盒化,它可以联合对手并确保正在进行的活动。
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引用次数: 0
Counting the days 数着日子
Pub Date : 2020-05-16 DOI: 10.5324/njsts.v8i1.3584
R. Søraa
This is perhaps (and hopefully) the most strangely situated editorial that will emerge from NJSTS. In Norway, it has, at the time of writing, been over two months since society closed down and we were commanded to work from home. As researchers, most of us are lucky, compared to most workers of society. Even though it might initially have been a strange few days at the home office, we made it through and found new ways of working. Throughout academia, however, most researchers are probably counting the days until society and our work situations return to a more normalized state.
这可能是(也希望是)NJSTS发表的最奇怪的社论。在写这篇文章的时候,挪威社会已经关闭了两个多月,我们被命令在家工作。作为研究人员,与社会上的大多数工人相比,我们大多数人都很幸运。尽管最初在家庭办公室的几天可能有些奇怪,但我们挺了过来,找到了新的工作方式。然而,在整个学术界,大多数研究人员可能都在数着日子,直到社会和我们的工作环境恢复到更正常的状态。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Nordic journal of science and technology studies
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