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Narrative Review: Technologies in Eldercare 叙事回顾:老年护理技术
Pub Date : 2018-09-14 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V6I1.2518
S. Frennert, B. Östlund
Background: Welfare technology is a concept that appears as one of the answers to how to meet the need for care in growing older populations. Although technology has been used for decades in eldercare, it is under-problematized and there is a lack of knowledge about how effective it really is.   Objectives: This paper reviews the usage of technologies in eldercare and describes determinants of successful implementation of technologies in eldercare. The review aims to summarize and critically evaluate important aspects of technology usage in eldercare.   Method: A narrative review method was selected for analysis of the literature. Through applying a narrative perspective to review the literature on technologies in eldercare, a broad understanding is gained of the contextual factors and main key success factors of implementing technologies in eldercare.   Result: The review yield 71 publications related to technologies in eldercare. Seven themes were identified: (1) curriculum of technologies in eldercare; (2) on technologies; (3) evaluation models; (4) key success factors; (5) perception – care personnel; (6) perception – older users; and (7) controversies and dilemmas   Discussion and Implications: The result of the review shows that technologies in eldercare are promoted to enable more seamless, efficient, patient-centered and safe care, however technologies might be contributing to making eldercare more fragmented, time-consuming, technology-centered and risky. Technologies in eldercare are only as successful and suitable as organizational culture, infrastructure and management practice allow them to be.
背景:福利技术是一个概念,它似乎是如何满足日益增长的老年人口对护理需求的答案之一。尽管技术在老年护理中已经使用了几十年,但它仍然存在问题,并且缺乏对其实际有效性的了解。该综述旨在总结和批判性地评估老年护理技术使用的重要方面。方法:采用叙述性回顾法对文献进行分析。通过运用叙事视角回顾老年护理技术的文献,对老年护理技术实施的背景因素和主要成功因素有了广泛的了解。结果:该综述产生了71篇与老年护理技术相关的出版物。确定了七个主题:(1)老年护理技术课程;(2) 技术;(3) 评价模型;(4) 关键成功因素;(5) 感知——护理人员;(6) 感知——老年用户;以及(7)争议和困境讨论和启示:审查结果表明,老年护理技术得到了推广,可以实现更无缝、高效、以患者为中心和安全的护理,但技术可能会使老年护理更加分散、耗时、以技术为中心和风险更大。老年护理技术只有在组织文化、基础设施和管理实践允许的情况下才是成功和合适的。
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引用次数: 19
Learning to Become a Science Talent 学习成为科学人才
Pub Date : 2018-09-14 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V6I1.2441
J. Olesen
The article focuses on the concept of talent and its enactment in a science talent program. The article investigates how students become a particular kind of knowing subject through their participation in a science talent program at the Mærsk McKinney Science Centre in Denmark. Drawing on concepts from new materialist studies (Latour 1993; Blok & Ellgaard Jensen 2009; Fox & Alldred 2017) the article explores the relationship between the possibilities for distribution that are offered to the participants, and the ways in which the participants respond by centering and decentering within the talent network (Mialet 2008, 2012). The study contributes to our understanding of, how the increased focus on talent development in many national educational systems influences basic preconceptions of what a science student is and how the knowing subject in society should treat science, by looking into the micro-politics of talent development.            
本文重点论述了人才的概念及其在科技人才计划中的作用。这篇文章调查了学生如何通过参与丹麦Mærsk McKinney科学中心的一个科学人才项目而成为一种特殊的知识主体。借鉴新唯物主义研究的概念(Latour 1993;Blok & Ellgaard Jensen 2009;Fox & Alldred 2017),文章探讨了提供给参与者的分配可能性之间的关系,以及参与者通过在人才网络中集中和分散的方式做出反应的方式(Mialet 2008, 2012)。通过研究人才发展的微观政治,该研究有助于我们理解,许多国家教育系统对人才发展的日益关注如何影响对理科学生的基本偏见,以及社会中的知识主体应该如何对待科学。
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引用次数: 0
About the cover artist 关于封面艺术家
Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V6I1.2733
Elin Tanding Sørensen
Elin Tanding Sørensen is a landscape architect and visual artist. She is currently a PhD-fellow at the Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, and works as a freelancer with the enterprise Urban Living Laboratory.
Elin Tanding Sørensen是一位景观建筑师和视觉艺术家。她目前是挪威生命科学大学景观与社会学院的博士生,在企业城市生活实验室担任自由职业者。
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引用次数: 0
Stein på Stein by Henrik H. Svensen Henrik H.Svensen的Stein
Pub Date : 2018-09-12 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V6I1.2728
A. Jahren
Henrik H. Svensen’s newest book Stein på stein (Aschehaug Press) is about digging for the past, in every sense: as a geologist, as a son, as a father, as a person. It is by far the most personal of the author’s literary offerings, which include The end is near: About natural disasters and society (2006) and Bergtatt: The history of the mountains and the fascination of the elevated, which appeared in 2011.
Henrik H.Svensen的新书《斯坦斯坦》(Aschehaug出版社)讲述了从各个方面挖掘过去的故事:作为一名地质学家,作为一个儿子,作为一名父亲,作为一个人。这是迄今为止作者最个人化的文学作品,其中包括2011年出版的《末日临近:关于自然灾害和社会》(2006)和《贝尔格塔特:山脉的历史和高架桥的魅力》。
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引用次数: 0
Refugium WA: crafting connection through plant-relating arts-science experiences of urban ecology WA避难所:通过与植物相关的城市生态艺术科学体验来制作联系
Pub Date : 2017-12-22 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V5I2.2320
Tanja Beer, C. Santín
Various platforms have demonstrated the value of hands-on activities – such as community gardening and crafting – in making meaningful connections and collective identities for a sustainable and resilient future. In his seminal book, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (1990), psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi describes how these activities can be an opportunity to engage with ‘flow’ – a highly focused mental state that increases awareness, connectivity and well-being. In Through Vegetal Being (2016), philosophers Luce Irigaray and Michael Marder also argue that it is through ‘vegetal’ (or plant relating) activities in particular (e.g. touching and smelling plants), that our relations with the more-than-human world can be reignited. Drawing upon these publications and others, this paper explores how combining these two modes of thought – to enable ‘flow’ through shared ‘vegetal’ or plant-based activities – may assist communities in gaining a greater awareness of and connection to sustainability. The potential of plant-based creative activities are examined through a recent, practice-led, arts-science research project (Refugium WA, Australia 2017), which used scientific knowledge and ‘vegetal’ or ‘botanical’ crafting as a way of engaging people in biodiversity issues. The project employed the community in creating mini native plant- sculptures which were temporally installed at the State Library of Western Australia. Indication of flow, increased nature-connection and biodiversity understanding were explored through gathering observations of the participants, pre- and post-activity surveys and discussions. The research sought to examine the capacity for vegetal- crafting activities to lead to new modes of arts-science communication that connect people to the importance of biodiversity in urban spaces.
各种平台已经证明了实践活动的价值,例如社区园艺和手工艺,在为可持续和有弹性的未来建立有意义的联系和集体身份方面。心理学家Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi在他的重要著作《心流:最佳体验心理学》(1990)中描述了这些活动如何成为参与“心流”的机会——一种高度集中的精神状态,可以提高意识、联系和幸福感。在《通过植物存在》(2016)一书中,哲学家卢斯·伊里加雷和迈克尔·马德尔也认为,通过“植物”(或与植物有关的)活动(例如触摸和闻植物),我们与超越人类的世界的关系可以重新点燃。利用这些出版物和其他出版物,本文探讨了如何将这两种思维模式结合起来-通过共享的“植物”或植物性活动实现“流动”-可以帮助社区获得更大的可持续性意识和联系。以植物为基础的创造性活动的潜力通过最近的实践为主导的艺术科学研究项目(澳大利亚,2017年)进行了研究,该项目利用科学知识和“植物”或“植物”工艺作为让人们参与生物多样性问题的一种方式。该项目利用社区创造了微型本地植物雕塑,这些雕塑暂时安装在西澳大利亚国家图书馆。通过收集参与者的观察,活动前后的调查和讨论,探索了流动的指示,增加了自然联系和生物多样性的理解。该研究试图检验植物制作活动的能力,以引导艺术-科学交流的新模式,将人们与城市空间中生物多样性的重要性联系起来。
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引用次数: 5
Crafting sustainability in iconic skyscrapers: a system of building professions in transition? 在标志性的摩天大楼中打造可持续发展:转型中的建筑专业体系?
Pub Date : 2017-12-22 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V5I2.2328
K. Janda
This paper focuses on coordination, fragmentation, and the potential for transition in the system of building professions in the American construction industry. The paper relies mainly on local press coverage of three iconic New York skyscrapers—the Empire State Building (completed in 1931), the U.N. Secretariat (completed in 1952) and One World Trade Center (completed in 2014)— to compare how the roles of different building professionals are seen by and portrayed to the public eye over time. The historic cases show how different professional groups—builders in the 1930s, architects in the 1950s, and engineers in the 2010s—imbued each project with “sustainable” qualities appropriate for its time. Using a system of professions (Abbott 1988[r]) approach, the paper describes and discusses the implications of changes in societal interest from doing to designing in American skyscrapers. The paper concludes by arguing that greater coordination between doers and designers in the construction industry, of the kind exhibited in the early days of skyscrapers, would enable the social production of sustainable buildings. For this to happen, however, society would need to place a higher value on tangible outcomes compared to lofty goals..
本文关注的是美国建筑业建筑专业体系的协调、分散和转型潜力。该论文主要依靠当地媒体对纽约三座标志性摩天大楼的报道——帝国大厦(1931年竣工)、联合国秘书处(1952年竣工)和世界贸易中心一号(2014年竣工)——来比较不同建筑专业人员的角色是如何被公众所看待和描绘的。这些历史案例表明,不同的专业群体——20世纪30年代的建筑商、50年代的建筑师和2010年代的工程师——是如何为每个项目注入适合其时代的“可持续”品质的。本文采用专业体系(Abbott 1988[r])的方法,描述并讨论了美国摩天大楼从建筑到设计的社会利益变化的影响。该论文的结论是,建筑业的实干家和设计师之间加强协调,就像摩天大楼早期所表现的那样,将有助于可持续建筑的社会生产。然而,要实现这一点,与崇高目标相比,社会需要更加重视有形成果。。
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引用次数: 2
An introduction to Crafting Sustainability – exploring the interconnections between sustainability and craft 介绍制作可持续性-探索可持续性和工艺之间的相互联系
Pub Date : 2017-12-22 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V5I2.2430
R. Søraa, H. Fyhn
Sustainability has become a critical issue, calling for new conceptualizations of both problems and solutions. This special issue of the Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies,  explore the concept of “Crafting Sustainability”. Sustainability is a hot topic in contemporary scholarly debates, with methodological, theoretical, and conceptual contributions from a wide array of research areas, also from Science and Technology Studies. Craft on the other hand has been less of a focal point, although all humans relate to craft on some level.
可持续性已经成为一个关键问题,需要对问题和解决方案进行新的概念化。本期《北欧科学技术研究杂志》特刊探讨了“打造可持续发展”的概念。可持续发展是当代学术辩论的热门话题,其方法论、理论和概念的贡献来自广泛的研究领域,也来自科学和技术研究。另一方面,虽然所有人都在某种程度上与工艺有关,但工艺却不是一个焦点。
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引用次数: 0
Working With Space: An opportunity to be considerate and reflective as a human being 与空间一起工作:作为一个人,一个体贴和反思的机会
Pub Date : 2017-12-22 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V5I2.2318
Rebecca N. Hutchinson
Working With Space: An opportunity to be considerate and reflective as a human being As a visual artist, my work is primarily focused on building site-specific installation works for museums and galleries.  This visual site work affords me the opportunity to research, understand, and underline the dynamics of place, highlighting the totality of the function of sculptural elements to each other and within site.  Formally and structurally, my interest is in the details, quality of connections, quality of structure, and an understanding of all physical parts to a whole.  This work is fueled and influenced by my research of system dynamics, primarily a holistic investigation of ecosystem function and observations of nature with supportive comparative study in architectural theory, urban development, and the psychology of space as it supports this inquiry and excitement for the dynamism of parts to the whole. Within my research, my main interest has been looking at the quality of thriving function, not dysfunction, found in nature, which observes an awareness of its environment and responds accordingly.  As a point of reference for art making/installation building, I have been utilizing two themes from distinctive research: structural/physical qualities found in species connections and functional growth relationships in nature.  This has included studying, most recently, growth dynamics from plant observation of species in groups and species next to species.  How plants negotiate around boundaries and root length and dynamics, have been central to my interest in recent research.  Ultimately, this research resonates with my observations on human survival and the plight of human relationships, and fuels the visual large-scale installation pieces.  In my artwork, not only does content stem from holistic sustainability interests, but also material and processes are involved in making choices about being considerate and being a part of a global system, some of which are distinctive in the field.  One of these methods utilizes paperclay, a construction material of a blended mix of clay and paper that offers unique lightweight and large-scale installation opportunity that can be fired or non-fired.  I use either clay found close to the site or a dry EPK.  The paper (100% cellulose) is either foraged from place in its natural state (grass or stalks) and boiled, or recycled from old clothes (100% natural fibers), both are beaten to a pulp in a papermaker’s beater called a Hollander beater.  The paperclay material, when blended at 70/30 ratio, is strong and offers construction diversity; it can be dipped, sprayed, cast, modeled, or stuccoed.  It can also be non-fired and fixed with a white glue or Portland cement to be presented at a variety of hardness densities.  Or, of course, fired out, losing the paper percent in weight.  Building on site with this mud mixture gives flexibility by allowing the installations to be built, making choices as I go, responding t
作为一名视觉艺术家,我的工作主要集中在为博物馆和画廊建造特定场地的装置作品。这个视觉场地作品为我提供了研究、理解和强调场地动态的机会,突出了雕塑元素相互之间和场地内的整体功能。在形式上和结构上,我的兴趣在于细节,连接的质量,结构的质量,以及对所有物理部分的整体理解。这项工作受到我对系统动力学研究的推动和影响,主要是对生态系统功能的全面调查和对自然的观察,并在建筑理论、城市发展和空间心理学方面进行支持性的比较研究,因为它支持对部分到整体的动态的探究和兴奋。在我的研究中,我的主要兴趣一直是关注在自然界中发现的蓬勃发展的功能的质量,而不是功能障碍,它观察到其环境的意识并做出相应的反应。作为艺术创作/装置建筑的参考点,我一直在利用两个独特的研究主题:物种联系中的结构/物理特性和自然界中的功能生长关系。这包括研究,最近,从植物观察物种群和物种旁边的物种的生长动态。植物如何在边界、根长和动态之间进行协商,一直是我最近研究的核心兴趣。最终,这项研究与我对人类生存和人际关系困境的观察产生了共鸣,并为视觉大型装置作品提供了动力。在我的艺术作品中,不仅内容源于整体的可持续性利益,而且材料和过程也涉及到如何考虑并成为全球系统的一部分,其中一些在该领域是独特的。其中一种方法是利用纸粘土,这是一种由粘土和纸混合而成的建筑材料,它提供了独特的轻质和大规模的安装机会,可以烧制或不烧制。我用的要么是在工地附近找到的粘土,要么是干的EPK。这种纸(100%纤维素)要么是从自然状态下的地方(草或秸秆)中采集并煮熟,要么从旧衣服中回收(100%天然纤维),两者都在一种被称为荷兰搅拌器的造纸厂的加热器中被打成纸浆。纸粘土材料以70/30的比例混合时,强度大,结构多样;它可以浸,喷涂,铸造,建模,或灰泥。它也可以不烧制,用白胶或波特兰水泥固定,以呈现各种硬度密度。或者,当然,燃烧,失去百分之一的纸张重量。在现场用这种泥浆混合物进行建筑,通过允许装置的建造,使我的选择变得灵活,响应空间和雕塑形式相互响应。最终,这个装置也适应了观看者。它提供了一个物理通道,通过作品来考虑形式之间的关系,以及形式与空间的关系,提供了对所有组成部分的敏感性的考虑,这些敏感性对潜在的整体有价值。请浏览RebeccaHutchinson.com
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引用次数: 0
Craft micro-enterprises contributions to sustainability: the example of yarn related businesses 工艺微型企业对可持续发展的贡献:以纱线相关企业为例
Pub Date : 2017-12-22 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V5I2.2323
A. Owen
This paper uses two case studies of small UK-based yarn businesses to explore whether craft enterprises might make a distinctive contribution to sustainable development. The ways in which positive social, environmental and economic impacts are supported by these businesses are identified and their potential as niche sites contributing to a broader sustainability transition is considered. These businesses themselves believe there are strong links to the social dimensions of sustainability, particularly in terms of community building. There is also a distinctive contribution to economic aspects of sustainability with the outputs of craft enterprises releasing latent financial value and attaching value associated with provenance and rarity compared to a commodity market, rather than contributing to conventional economic growth. Contributions to environmental sustainability are largely indirect, through changing the economic viability of marginal agricultural production and therefore allowing conservation management in less economically favoured areas. This preliminary analysis suggest that the smallest craft enterprises do offer insights into how a wide transition might be achieved, but realising such a transition is made more difficult by the ambitions and motivations of the individuals in the craft businesses themselves.
本文通过对英国小型纱线企业的两个案例研究,探讨工艺企业是否可以为可持续发展做出独特贡献。确定了这些企业支持积极社会、环境和经济影响的方式,并考虑了它们作为有助于更广泛可持续性转型的利基网站的潜力。这些企业本身认为,可持续性与社会层面有着密切的联系,特别是在社区建设方面。与商品市场相比,手工企业的产出释放了潜在的财务价值,并附加了与原产地和稀有性相关的价值,而不是促进传统的经济增长,这也对可持续性的经济方面做出了独特的贡献。通过改变边际农业生产的经济可行性,从而允许在经济不太有利的地区进行保护管理,对环境可持续性的贡献在很大程度上是间接的。这项初步分析表明,最小的工艺企业确实可以深入了解如何实现广泛的转型,但由于工艺企业中个人的野心和动机,实现这种转型变得更加困难。
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引用次数: 0
Crafting sustainability? An explorative study of craft in three countercultures as a learning path for the future 制定可持续发展?对三种反主流文化中工艺的探索性研究,作为未来的学习路径
Pub Date : 2017-12-22 DOI: 10.5324/NJSTS.V5I2.2314
Hanna Hofverberg, David Kronlid, Leif Östman
This article explores and seeks to identify what ‘crafting sustainability’ could mean in relation to education for sustainable development (ESD). Certain ESD craft pedagogies are explored in three countercultures (from 1900, 1968 and 2017). The empirical data consists of literature from or about these three countercultures. A broad notion of sustainability and the educational philosophies of perennialism, essentialism, progressivism and reconstructivism are used as theoretical frameworks. The findings show the countercultures’ educative craft purposes, craft skills and approaches to learning craft and the possible implications for ESD. In particular, three tensions concerning the implications of an ESD craft pedagogy are discussed.
本文探讨并试图确定“打造可持续性”对可持续发展教育(ESD)的意义。在三种反主流文化(1900年、1968年和2017年)中探讨了某些ESD工艺教学法。经验数据包括来自或关于这三种反主流文化的文献。可持续性的广泛概念和长期主义、本质主义、进步主义和重建主义的教育哲学被用作理论框架。研究结果显示了反主流文化的教育工艺目的、工艺技能和学习工艺的方法,以及对可持续发展教育的可能影响。特别是,讨论了与可持续发展教育工艺教学法的影响有关的三种紧张关系。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Nordic journal of science and technology studies
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