Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.rv-123-2021
A. Chaves, R. Martins, Lanaia Maciel, Allyster Silva, D. Gondim, Júlia Fortalo, Steffany Santos, J. Roque, B. Vaz
Since its introduction, ambient mass spectrometry methods have been demonstrated as potential approaches for a rapid and sensitive analysis of many compounds in complex matrices with a minimum or no sample preparation step performed. Some of these methods include low-cost devices and in situ methodologies that are included in the new trend of green analytical chemistry. The application of ambient methods for environmental analysis has been reported in the last decades for qualitative and quantitative analysis. This study aims to contribute with an overview of the 2016 to 2021 period of ambient mass spectrometry methods for applications in environmental analysis. In this context, this review reports especially applications for qualitative and quantitative analysis of contaminants using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), direct analysis in real-time (DART), paper spray ionization (PSI), and extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) methods.
{"title":"Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Applications and New Trends for Environmental Matrices Analysis","authors":"A. Chaves, R. Martins, Lanaia Maciel, Allyster Silva, D. Gondim, Júlia Fortalo, Steffany Santos, J. Roque, B. Vaz","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.rv-123-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.rv-123-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Since its introduction, ambient mass spectrometry methods have been demonstrated as potential approaches for a rapid and sensitive analysis of many compounds in complex matrices with a minimum or no sample preparation step performed. Some of these methods include low-cost devices and in situ methodologies that are included in the new trend of green analytical chemistry. The application of ambient methods for environmental analysis has been reported in the last decades for qualitative and quantitative analysis. This study aims to contribute with an overview of the 2016 to 2021 period of ambient mass spectrometry methods for applications in environmental analysis. In this context, this review reports especially applications for qualitative and quantitative analysis of contaminants using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), direct analysis in real-time (DART), paper spray ionization (PSI), and extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) methods.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43340395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.rv-119-2021
V. Mihucz
Arsenic is naturally present at high concentration levels in aquifers adversely affecting the life of some 200 million people in a number of countries on four continents. Human exposure to As from dietary sources such as marine fish, seafood, poultry, cereals is generally much lower compared to exposure through drinking contaminated water, using contaminated water in food preparation and irrigation of crops. Arsenic toxicity depends on its four valences [As(-III), As0, As(III) and As(V)] and chemical compounds. Thus, in seafood, As is mainly found in its less toxic organic forms. The qualitative and quantitative determinations of individual As species are crucial to understand the environmental fate and behavior of As. The aim of the present review is to give a brief overview on the main As speciation methods and to present how to control As contamination at local and global scales in several environmental (soil, waters) and biological (crops, basic and processed food) samples, as well as complementary and alternative medicinal products marketed as food supplements. In terms of chromatographic separation, emphasis is placed on separation by thin layer chromatography and solid phase extraction. Some approaches to address As contamination (e.g., stabilization in soil, provision of a safe water supply in affected communities) at global and regional scales are also presented.
{"title":"Regional and Global Scale Challenges for Controlling Arsenic Contamination in Agricultural Soil, Water Supplies, Foods and Ayurvedic Medicines","authors":"V. Mihucz","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.rv-119-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.rv-119-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic is naturally present at high concentration levels in aquifers adversely affecting the life of some 200 million people in a number of countries on four continents. Human exposure to As from dietary sources such as marine fish, seafood, poultry, cereals is generally much lower compared to exposure through drinking contaminated water, using contaminated water in food preparation and irrigation of crops. Arsenic toxicity depends on its four valences [As(-III), As0, As(III) and As(V)] and chemical compounds. Thus, in seafood, As is mainly found in its less toxic organic forms. The qualitative and quantitative determinations of individual As species are crucial to understand the environmental fate and behavior of As. The aim of the present review is to give a brief overview on the main As speciation methods and to present how to control As contamination at local and global scales in several environmental (soil, waters) and biological (crops, basic and processed food) samples, as well as complementary and alternative medicinal products marketed as food supplements. In terms of chromatographic separation, emphasis is placed on separation by thin layer chromatography and solid phase extraction. Some approaches to address As contamination (e.g., stabilization in soil, provision of a safe water supply in affected communities) at global and regional scales are also presented.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44500447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.tn-99-2021
Paulo Sales, K. de Souza, A. Bezerra, S. Ojala, S. D. de Oliveira, Pierre Alexandre dos Santos, M. Bara
Nowadays, the detection of sucralose sodium adduct under electrospray ionization in mass spectrometry analysis is a common analysis method, but its high chemical stability is not fully understood. In this work, we use quantum chemistry calculations and mass spectrometry data to understand why sodiated sucralose presents this behavior in mass spectrometry conditions. The potential energy and the position of sodium ions were evaluated using different basis sets in order to comprehend the importance of sodiation in sucralose properties. Quantum-chemical calculations show higher reliability to explain the behavior of sucralose sodium adduct under mass spectrometry conditions, especially when its molecular geometry and potential energies are evaluated.
{"title":"How Sodiation Influences the Sucralose Behavior under Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Paulo Sales, K. de Souza, A. Bezerra, S. Ojala, S. D. de Oliveira, Pierre Alexandre dos Santos, M. Bara","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.tn-99-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.tn-99-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the detection of sucralose sodium adduct under electrospray ionization in mass spectrometry analysis is a common analysis method, but its high chemical stability is not fully understood. In this work, we use quantum chemistry calculations and mass spectrometry data to understand why sodiated sucralose presents this behavior in mass spectrometry conditions. The potential energy and the position of sodium ions were evaluated using different basis sets in order to comprehend the importance of sodiation in sucralose properties. Quantum-chemical calculations show higher reliability to explain the behavior of sucralose sodium adduct under mass spectrometry conditions, especially when its molecular geometry and potential energies are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47719768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.editorial.mamsveiga.n34
M. Veiga
Currently, analytical chemistry is more than simply its division into classical and instrumental. It is an interdisciplinary area that involves notions of biology, toxicology, statistics, computer science, and physics, among others. There are several areas of knowledge applied in the development of a chemical analysis, which is configured as all the processes necessary for the identification and quantification of the different components of a sample. When this sample is a trace material from a crime scene, analytical chemistry assumes a central role in the conversion of this sample into material evidence with legal value through consolidated and validated procedures, obtained by exhaustive investigative and methodological studies. The responsibility assumed is in the confidence of the result obtained, which will only be possible with the validation of the method. Although not all methods are perfect, a quantitative determination requires a precise and accurate methodology. Therefore, analytical chemistry is very important to forensic chemistry. Material evidence has a great influence on a trial because it is clothed in technical characteristics, and the expectation is that it will help to unequivocally clarify the truth of the facts. It is this expectation that makes the work of the analytical chemist so important in conducting an analytical procedure for forensic purposes. The result obtained may or may not incriminate someone. Another analytical challenge in forensic analysis is the collection and preparation of a sample that has a criminal trace profile. Such procedures should preserve as much of the criminal evidence as possible. At a crime scene, several samples can be considered evidence: soils, fibers, glass, gunshot residues, explosives, among others. Locard's principle of exchange states that whenever two objects come into contact, an exchange of materials occurs between them and, thus, a connection is established between the suspect and the crime scene or between the suspect and the victim based on the transfer of fragments of the materials. Once again, analytical rigor will play a relevant role in the preservation and experimental conduct of the traces. A failure in the analytical procedure may make it impossible to use a trace as material evidence in a court of law, jeopardizing its use in the conviction of the judge or jury. It is up to the forensic analysts to provide a result with credibility and legal security, i.e., to rigorously follow the analytical protocols. Forensic research is dynamic. One example is the demand for analytical methods that encompass the wide variety of newly emerging psychoactive substances (NPS), formerly known as "designer drugs", which must continually be detected and catalogued. In the Interview in this volume, Dr. Barry Logan tells us about this challenge in his career. I want to register my special thanks to Prof. Dr. Bruno Martinis from the Department of Chemistry of the Faculty of Philosophy, Science
{"title":"Forensic Analytical Chemistry: Connecting Science and Justice","authors":"M. Veiga","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.editorial.mamsveiga.n34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.editorial.mamsveiga.n34","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, analytical chemistry is more than simply its division into classical and instrumental. It is an interdisciplinary area that involves notions of biology, toxicology, statistics, computer science, and physics, among others. There are several areas of knowledge applied in the development of a chemical analysis, which is configured as all the processes necessary for the identification and quantification of the different components of a sample. When this sample is a trace material from a crime scene, analytical chemistry assumes a central role in the conversion of this sample into material evidence with legal value through consolidated and validated procedures, obtained by exhaustive investigative and methodological studies. The responsibility assumed is in the confidence of the result obtained, which will only be possible with the validation of the method. Although not all methods are perfect, a quantitative determination requires a precise and accurate methodology. Therefore, analytical chemistry is very important to forensic chemistry. Material evidence has a great influence on a trial because it is clothed in technical characteristics, and the expectation is that it will help to unequivocally clarify the truth of the facts. It is this expectation that makes the work of the analytical chemist so important in conducting an analytical procedure for forensic purposes. The result obtained may or may not incriminate someone. Another analytical challenge in forensic analysis is the collection and preparation of a sample that has a criminal trace profile. Such procedures should preserve as much of the criminal evidence as possible. At a crime scene, several samples can be considered evidence: soils, fibers, glass, gunshot residues, explosives, among others. Locard's principle of exchange states that whenever two objects come into contact, an exchange of materials occurs between them and, thus, a connection is established between the suspect and the crime scene or between the suspect and the victim based on the transfer of fragments of the materials. Once again, analytical rigor will play a relevant role in the preservation and experimental conduct of the traces. A failure in the analytical procedure may make it impossible to use a trace as material evidence in a court of law, jeopardizing its use in the conviction of the judge or jury. It is up to the forensic analysts to provide a result with credibility and legal security, i.e., to rigorously follow the analytical protocols. Forensic research is dynamic. One example is the demand for analytical methods that encompass the wide variety of newly emerging psychoactive substances (NPS), formerly known as \"designer drugs\", which must continually be detected and catalogued. In the Interview in this volume, Dr. Barry Logan tells us about this challenge in his career. I want to register my special thanks to Prof. Dr. Bruno Martinis from the Department of Chemistry of the Faculty of Philosophy, Science","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43724811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.point-of-view-mvoandrade
M. Andrade
In 2008, Nicolas Eastaugh, founder and chief researcher at Art Discovery, a renowned London company for the analysis and research of artwork, discovered the presence of the white titanium (titanium dioxide) pigment in a painting attributed to the Dutch naturalized expressionist artist Heinrich Capendonk. The work had reached a record value of EUR 2.4 million at an auction in 2006. However, in 1915, the year in which the work was supposed to have been created, white titanium was not even available for use as a pigment, which would happen about 20 to 30 years later. The analytical result achieved by Eastaught revealed one of the biggest schemes of artwork forgeries ever discovered. The forger, Wolfgang Beltracchi, made a fortune, (under)estimated at EUR 30 million, built over 25 years acting in the art market. There are several cases of counterfeiting schemes involving artwork, large fortunes, renowned galleries, museums, collectors, specialists, and masterpieces. Cases like the one revealed by Eastaugh's analyses or the millionaire counterfeit scheme involving the century-old North American Knoedler Gallery are illustrative examples of how the art market is vulnerable to this kind of crime. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated the total annual trade in art and antiques in 2018 at around USD 70 billion, of which about USD 6 billion may have been due to illegal transactions related to theft, counterfeiting, smuggling, and organized crime. Still according to those institutions, half of that amount involved financial crimes and money laundering. In Brazil, within the scope of the Lava Jato Operation, the Federal Police seized 842 pieces of art and historical and cultural heritage, including paintings from different historical periods, sculptures, and other pieces, which add up to an estimated value of over BRL 33 million. All the pieces were related to investigations involving money laundering in cases of active and passive corruption. As other forms of money laundering resulting from various crimes have been curtailed by world authorities through specific legislation, the art market world has become increasingly attractive to crime. This scenario, combined with the great financial relevance of the legitimate art market, caused a very considerable increase in the demand for works by renowned authors and, as a direct consequence, a proportional increase in the number of forgeries and adulterations. As a result, the quality of counterfeits has also experienced a great improvement, requiring a proportional gain in technology and expertise in forensic analysis and authentication fields. Similarly, the high speculation in prices of artworks also increased the interest in new and advanced analytical techniques for determining authenticity, authorship, origin, and materials used by the authors. The refinement of counterfeiting and adulteration techniques has demanded a multidisciplinary and
{"title":"Forensic Analysis of Artworks: More Than a (Complex) Analytical Issue","authors":"M. Andrade","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.point-of-view-mvoandrade","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.point-of-view-mvoandrade","url":null,"abstract":"In 2008, Nicolas Eastaugh, founder and chief researcher at Art Discovery, a renowned London company for the analysis and research of artwork, discovered the presence of the white titanium (titanium dioxide) pigment in a painting attributed to the Dutch naturalized expressionist artist Heinrich Capendonk. The work had reached a record value of EUR 2.4 million at an auction in 2006. However, in 1915, the year in which the work was supposed to have been created, white titanium was not even available for use as a pigment, which would happen about 20 to 30 years later. The analytical result achieved by Eastaught revealed one of the biggest schemes of artwork forgeries ever discovered. The forger, Wolfgang Beltracchi, made a fortune, (under)estimated at EUR 30 million, built over 25 years acting in the art market. There are several cases of counterfeiting schemes involving artwork, large fortunes, renowned galleries, museums, collectors, specialists, and masterpieces. Cases like the one revealed by Eastaugh's analyses or the millionaire counterfeit scheme involving the century-old North American Knoedler Gallery are illustrative examples of how the art market is vulnerable to this kind of crime. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated the total annual trade in art and antiques in 2018 at around USD 70 billion, of which about USD 6 billion may have been due to illegal transactions related to theft, counterfeiting, smuggling, and organized crime. Still according to those institutions, half of that amount involved financial crimes and money laundering. In Brazil, within the scope of the Lava Jato Operation, the Federal Police seized 842 pieces of art and historical and cultural heritage, including paintings from different historical periods, sculptures, and other pieces, which add up to an estimated value of over BRL 33 million. All the pieces were related to investigations involving money laundering in cases of active and passive corruption. As other forms of money laundering resulting from various crimes have been curtailed by world authorities through specific legislation, the art market world has become increasingly attractive to crime. This scenario, combined with the great financial relevance of the legitimate art market, caused a very considerable increase in the demand for works by renowned authors and, as a direct consequence, a proportional increase in the number of forgeries and adulterations. As a result, the quality of counterfeits has also experienced a great improvement, requiring a proportional gain in technology and expertise in forensic analysis and authentication fields. Similarly, the high speculation in prices of artworks also increased the interest in new and advanced analytical techniques for determining authenticity, authorship, origin, and materials used by the authors. The refinement of counterfeiting and adulteration techniques has demanded a multidisciplinary and ","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42331650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.interview.blogan
B. Logan
Dr Barry Logan is a world leading forensic toxicologist currently serving as Chief Scientist at NMS Labs, and Executive Director at the Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CSFRE) in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. He was born and completed his undergraduate and graduate education in Glasgow, Scotland, completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Tennessee in Memphis TN, then served for eighteen years as State Toxicologist for the State of Washington, with an appointment at the University of Washington in Seattle. For nine of those years he also served as Director of the Washington State Crime Laboratory System, which provided services in forensic biology, toxicology, chemistry, document examination, serology, DNA analysis, firearms and crime scene support. In 2008, Logan joined the United States leading forensic toxicology and chemistry reference laboratory - NMS labs - in Pennsylvania to direct their toxicology services. In 2010 he founded the CFSRE and in 2017, established www.NPSDiscovery.org the leading clearing-house for the dissemination of newly emergent drugs in the United States. He has over 150 publications and 600 presentations in forensic toxicology and analytical chemistry, including work on the effects of methamphetamine, cocaine and marijuana on drivers, and drug caused and related death. His recent work has focused on the analytical and interpretive toxicology of novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Dr Logan’s other appointments include Executive Director of the Robert F. Borkenstein course at Indiana University, and academic appointments at Arcadia University, and Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. In recognition of his work and contributions, Dr. Logan has received numerous national and international awards, and in 2013-14 served as President of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS). A recent bibliometric analysis of the impact of the world’s forensic scientists, positioned him as the leading contributor to research in the field of forensic toxicology in the United States, and sixth in the world. In the last ten years he has had extensive involvement with forensic scientists in Brazil, hosting graduate students from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, USP, and Campinas University at his laboratory in the United States, and visiting scientists from the Federal Police and State Crime Laboratories. He has presented multiple times at Interforensics, ENQFor, and Brazilian Academy of Forensic Sciences meetings. The CSFRE supports participation of young scientists from Brazil in the AAFS meeting and a reciprocal opportunity for young US scientists to attend Interforensics.
Barry Logan博士是世界领先的法医毒理学家，目前担任NMS实验室的首席科学家和宾夕法尼亚州威洛格罗夫法医科学研究与教育中心（CSFRE）的执行主任。他在苏格兰格拉斯哥出生并完成了本科和研究生教育，在田纳西州孟菲斯市的田纳西大学完成了博士后研究，然后在西雅图的华盛顿大学担任了18年的州毒理学专家。其中九年，他还担任华盛顿州犯罪实验室系统主任，该系统提供法医生物学、毒理学、化学、文件检查、血清学、DNA分析、枪支和犯罪现场支持等服务。2008年，Logan加入了位于宾夕法尼亚州的美国领先的法医毒理学和化学参考实验室NMS实验室，指导其毒理学服务。2010年，他创立了CFSRE，并于2017年成立了www.NPSDiscovery.org，这是美国传播新出现药物的领先信息交换所。他在法医毒理学和分析化学方面发表了150多篇出版物和600多篇演讲，包括关于甲基苯丙胺、可卡因和大麻对司机的影响，以及毒品导致和相关死亡的研究。他最近的工作重点是新型精神活性物质（NPS）的分析和解释毒理学。Logan博士的其他任命包括印第安纳大学Robert F.Borkenstein课程的执行主任，以及阿卡迪亚大学和费城托马斯杰斐逊大学的学术任命。为了表彰他的工作和贡献，Logan博士获得了许多国家和国际奖项，并于2013-14年担任美国法医科学院院长。最近对世界法医科学家影响的文献计量分析使他成为美国法医毒理学领域研究的主要贡献者，在世界上排名第六。在过去的十年里，他与巴西的法医科学家进行了广泛的接触，在他位于美国的实验室接待了来自南里奥格兰德州联邦大学、USP和坎皮纳斯大学的研究生，并访问了来自联邦警察和州犯罪实验室的科学家。他曾多次出席国际法医学、ENQFor和巴西法医科学院会议。CSFRE支持来自巴西的年轻科学家参加AAFS会议，并为美国年轻科学家提供参加Inter取证的互惠机会。
{"title":"Barry Logan, a prominent toxicologist and forensic analytical chemist, kindly spoke with BrJAC about his research into drugs of abuse, the legacy and inspiration for future","authors":"B. Logan","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.interview.blogan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.interview.blogan","url":null,"abstract":"Dr Barry Logan is a world leading forensic toxicologist currently serving as Chief Scientist at NMS Labs, and Executive Director at the Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CSFRE) in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. He was born and completed his undergraduate and graduate education in Glasgow, Scotland, completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Tennessee in Memphis TN, then served for eighteen years as State Toxicologist for the State of Washington, with an appointment at the University of Washington in Seattle. For nine of those years he also served as Director of the Washington State Crime Laboratory System, which provided services in forensic biology, toxicology, chemistry, document examination, serology, DNA analysis, firearms and crime scene support. In 2008, Logan joined the United States leading forensic toxicology and chemistry reference laboratory - NMS labs - in Pennsylvania to direct their toxicology services. In 2010 he founded the CFSRE and in 2017, established www.NPSDiscovery.org the leading clearing-house for the dissemination of newly emergent drugs in the United States. He has over 150 publications and 600 presentations in forensic toxicology and analytical chemistry, including work on the effects of methamphetamine, cocaine and marijuana on drivers, and drug caused and related death. His recent work has focused on the analytical and interpretive toxicology of novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Dr Logan’s other appointments include Executive Director of the Robert F. Borkenstein course at Indiana University, and academic appointments at Arcadia University, and Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. In recognition of his work and contributions, Dr. Logan has received numerous national and international awards, and in 2013-14 served as President of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS). A recent bibliometric analysis of the impact of the world’s forensic scientists, positioned him as the leading contributor to research in the field of forensic toxicology in the United States, and sixth in the world. In the last ten years he has had extensive involvement with forensic scientists in Brazil, hosting graduate students from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, USP, and Campinas University at his laboratory in the United States, and visiting scientists from the Federal Police and State Crime Laboratories. He has presented multiple times at Interforensics, ENQFor, and Brazilian Academy of Forensic Sciences meetings. The CSFRE supports participation of young scientists from Brazil in the AAFS meeting and a reciprocal opportunity for young US scientists to attend Interforensics.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43540618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter-javelho
Jesus Velho
Forensic sciences are generally described as the application of the scientific method to the analysis of traces in order to identify the authorship and materiality of a crime . Forensic scientists evaluate different types of materials, and the type of scientific method and techniques employed depend on the questions to be answered within a given context . Forensic chemistry is one of the most far-reaching areas within the forensic science field. With the increase in technology and the development of analytical techniques, chemistry has been used more and more to elucidate legal controversies. Therefore, knowledge in chemistry is indispensable to solve crimes. In this letter, the applications of analytical chemistry will be discussed within emerging forensic themes: the determination of the origin of seized drugs (chemical profiling), the investigation of document fraud, and the valuation analysis of pieces of art. Chemical profiling consists of a series of chemical analyses that provide the concentration of the components present in the seized drugs, present as major or minor components, or event those present only in trace levels. Using different analytical methods, complex chemical profiles are obtained for each drug sample analyzed, giving these samples a chemical “signature” based on the presence of impurities of natural origin. and added diluents/adulterants. Therefore, such studies generate relevant data that make it possible to establish connections between samples and materials of different seizures, classifying them into chemically correlated groups. Through these connections, it is possible to establish specific links among suppliers, drug dealers, and users, designing distribution network patterns and providing subsidies for the identification of the origin of the drug, including its geographical origin. Another striking forensic application of analytical chemistry is age determination and the authenticity of papers and inks. Once an ink is deposited on a support (paper), it is exposed to air, light, and moisture, and the following physical–chemical processes occur: coloration degradation, solvent evaporation, and hardening (polymerization) of the resins. These processes have been used in the complex task of determining the absolute or relative (comparative) age of manuscripts on paper. The largest number of publications refer to ballpoint pen inks. Ezcurra and collaborators published a comprehensive review on the dating of paints by modern instrument writers. Analytical paint dating exams essentially consist of quantifying how paint components vary over time. Last but not least, the authentication of pieces of art used as a tool to fight crime is a recent area of activity of analytical chemistry in Brazil. Operation Lava Jato shed light on the possibility that criminal use of the art market is a widespread method among agents of corruption and that it is much more complex and structured than previously thought. It is up to criminal ex
{"title":"New Trends in Analytical Chemistry for the Examination and Interpretation of Traces of Crimes","authors":"Jesus Velho","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter-javelho","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter-javelho","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic sciences are generally described as the application of the scientific method to the analysis of traces in order to identify the authorship and materiality of a crime . Forensic scientists evaluate different types of materials, and the type of scientific method and techniques employed depend on the questions to be answered within a given context . Forensic chemistry is one of the most far-reaching areas within the forensic science field. With the increase in technology and the development of analytical techniques, chemistry has been used more and more to elucidate legal controversies. Therefore, knowledge in chemistry is indispensable to solve crimes. In this letter, the applications of analytical chemistry will be discussed within emerging forensic themes: the determination of the origin of seized drugs (chemical profiling), the investigation of document fraud, and the valuation analysis of pieces of art. Chemical profiling consists of a series of chemical analyses that provide the concentration of the components present in the seized drugs, present as major or minor components, or event those present only in trace levels. Using different analytical methods, complex chemical profiles are obtained for each drug sample analyzed, giving these samples a chemical “signature” based on the presence of impurities of natural origin. and added diluents/adulterants. Therefore, such studies generate relevant data that make it possible to establish connections between samples and materials of different seizures, classifying them into chemically correlated groups. Through these connections, it is possible to establish specific links among suppliers, drug dealers, and users, designing distribution network patterns and providing subsidies for the identification of the origin of the drug, including its geographical origin. Another striking forensic application of analytical chemistry is age determination and the authenticity of papers and inks. Once an ink is deposited on a support (paper), it is exposed to air, light, and moisture, and the following physical–chemical processes occur: coloration degradation, solvent evaporation, and hardening (polymerization) of the resins. These processes have been used in the complex task of determining the absolute or relative (comparative) age of manuscripts on paper. The largest number of publications refer to ballpoint pen inks. Ezcurra and collaborators published a comprehensive review on the dating of paints by modern instrument writers. Analytical paint dating exams essentially consist of quantifying how paint components vary over time. Last but not least, the authentication of pieces of art used as a tool to fight crime is a recent area of activity of analytical chemistry in Brazil. Operation Lava Jato shed light on the possibility that criminal use of the art market is a widespread method among agents of corruption and that it is much more complex and structured than previously thought. It is up to criminal ex","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43781879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.inmemoriam.jcnovello
D. Martins‐de‐Souza
On January 6, 2022, Dr. José Camillo Novello, Associate Professor at the Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), SP, Brazil, left us prematurely. Owner of a discreet and subtle humor, Prof. Camillo enjoyed a good chat, always accompanied by a cup of coffee. More recently, he loved to talk about his grandchildren and children who are living abroad. Prof. Camillo arrived at Unicamp in the 1970s. Initially, he worked at the Laboratory of Protein Chemistry with Professors Benedito de Oliveira and Sergio Marangoni. During this period, he dedicated himself to the studies of biochemical characterization of Arthropod and Snake venoms. The laboratory skills transferred by Prof. Camillo are told in an amusing way by his students, who were always guided with cordiality. In the late 1990s, Prof. Camillo focused efforts in proteomics, being a pioneer in this field in Brazil. He coordinated the first Brazilian publication in this field [1] based on one of his projects funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp) about Xylella fastidiosa´s Functional Genome. Recently, Prof. Camillo faced many health challenges, which never changed his kindness and good mood when, over a cup of coffee, he would talk about politics, soccer, and the evolution of his former students. He was proud of his “scientific grandchildren,” whom he would happily approach in the corridors of IB-Unicamp. His affectionate figure is missed in the corridors and in the canteen of IB-Unicamp. But his legacy remains and will always be in the world, with his science, and among us, in nostalgia.
2022年1月6日，巴西SP坎皮纳斯大学生物研究所生物化学和组织生物学系副教授JoséCamilo Novello博士提前离开了我们。卡米洛教授拥有一种谨慎而微妙的幽默，他总是在喝咖啡的同时愉快地聊天。最近，他喜欢谈论住在国外的孙子和孩子。Camillo教授于20世纪70年代来到Unicamp。最初，他与Benedito de Oliveira教授和Sergio Marangoni教授一起在蛋白质化学实验室工作。在此期间，他致力于节肢动物和蛇毒的生化特征研究。卡米洛教授传授的实验室技能被他的学生们以一种有趣的方式讲述，他们总是受到亲切的指导。20世纪90年代末，Camilo教授专注于蛋白质组学，是巴西这一领域的先驱。他在圣保罗研究基金会（Fapesp）资助的一个项目的基础上，协调了该领域的第一份巴西出版物[1]。最近，卡米洛教授面临着许多健康挑战，当他一边喝咖啡，一边谈论政治、足球和以前学生的发展时，他的善良和良好情绪从未改变。他为自己的“科学孙子”感到骄傲，他会很高兴地在IB Unicap的走廊里与他们亲近。在IB Unicamp的走廊和食堂里，人们怀念他深情的身影。但他的遗产仍然存在，并将永远存在于世界上，他的科学，以及我们中间的怀旧之情。
{"title":"BrJAC pays tribute to Prof. Dr. José Camillo Novello, a pioneer researcher in proteomics in Brazil and a gentle advisor","authors":"D. Martins‐de‐Souza","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.inmemoriam.jcnovello","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.inmemoriam.jcnovello","url":null,"abstract":"On January 6, 2022, Dr. José Camillo Novello, Associate Professor at the Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), SP, Brazil, left us prematurely. Owner of a discreet and subtle humor, Prof. Camillo enjoyed a good chat, always accompanied by a cup of coffee. More recently, he loved to talk about his grandchildren and children who are living abroad. Prof. Camillo arrived at Unicamp in the 1970s. Initially, he worked at the Laboratory of Protein Chemistry with Professors Benedito de Oliveira and Sergio Marangoni. During this period, he dedicated himself to the studies of biochemical characterization of Arthropod and Snake venoms. The laboratory skills transferred by Prof. Camillo are told in an amusing way by his students, who were always guided with cordiality. In the late 1990s, Prof. Camillo focused efforts in proteomics, being a pioneer in this field in Brazil. He coordinated the first Brazilian publication in this field [1] based on one of his projects funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp) about Xylella fastidiosa´s Functional Genome. Recently, Prof. Camillo faced many health challenges, which never changed his kindness and good mood when, over a cup of coffee, he would talk about politics, soccer, and the evolution of his former students. He was proud of his “scientific grandchildren,” whom he would happily approach in the corridors of IB-Unicamp. His affectionate figure is missed in the corridors and in the canteen of IB-Unicamp. But his legacy remains and will always be in the world, with his science, and among us, in nostalgia.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43322686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-11DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.inmemoriam.mvalcarcel
M. Arruda
Who has not seen or heard about books such as Analytical Chemistry: A Modern Approach to Analytical Science, Principles of Analytical Chemistry: A Textbook, or Foundations of Analytical Chemistry: A Teaching-Learning Approach, or about flow injection analysis-FIA, and sequential injection analysis-SIA? These are, in fact, some contributions from Prof. Miguel Valcárcel Cases, at the University of Córdoba-Spain, who leave us on 9th January 2022 at the age of 75. Prof. Valcárcel was Dean of the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Córdoba, Vice-Rector for academic guidance and teaching and Vice-Rector for quality, as well as the first Director of the Andalusian Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry since 1994. Born in Barcelona (Spain), Prof. Valcárcel was a graduate of the University of Seville where also obtained his Ph.D., and was an assistant teacher until 1975. He was an associate professor of Analytical Chemistry at the Faculty of Science of Palma de Mallorca in 1975, an institution where he was also Dean and full professor at the University of Cordoba in the year 1976. He was also President of the Analytical Division of the European Federation of Chemical Societies and was a member for 4 years of the High-Level Expert Group of the European Union's Growth Program. Valcárcel received the Spanish national Enrique Moles prize for Chemical Science and Technology (2005), the Maimónides prize for scientific-technical research from the Junta de Andalucia (1992), and the Solvay Research Prize in Chemical Sciences from the CEOE Foundation (1997). He has the Robert Boyle Medal from the Royal Society of Chemistry (UK, 2004), the Enrich Planquette Prize from the Austrian Chemical Society (1996), the Gold Medal from the University of Warsaw (2000), and the Medal from the Portuguese Chemical Society (2000). He also received the distinction of Cordoba citizen of the year 2006 in the education/research section, and the Averroes de Oro-Cuidad de Córdoba medal in 2006 for his scientific trajectory. He was also awarded the title of Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of Valencia (2010) and the European DAC-EuChMS (Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences) award in recognition of his scientific and teaching career (2015). He was the author of ca. 700 papers, published 9 scientific books, and co-authored 15 chapters of multi-author books. Owner of a unique vitality and a very accurate vision of Analytical Chemistry, Prof. Valcárcel contributed to the formation of dozens of students, of which he was extremely proud, and some of them are today Full professors spread all over the world. The Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry mourns his death, and through this simple tribute, recognizes his great contribution to Analytical Chemistry and science around the world.
谁没有看过或听说过《分析化学：分析科学的现代方法》、《分析化学原理：教科书》或《分析化学基础：教学方法》等书，或者关于流动注射分析FIA和顺序注射分析SIA的书？事实上，这些都是西班牙科尔多瓦大学Miguel Valcárcel Cases教授的一些贡献，他于2022年1月9日离开我们，享年75岁。Valcárcel教授是科尔多瓦大学科学院院长、负责学术指导和教学的副校长、负责质量的副校长，也是安达卢西亚精细化学和纳米化学研究所自1994年以来的首任所长。Valcárcel教授出生于巴塞罗那（西班牙），毕业于塞维利亚大学，并在那里获得了博士学位，在1975年之前一直担任助理教师。1975年，他是马略卡岛帕尔马理学院的分析化学副教授，1976年，他还是科尔多瓦大学的院长和正教授。他还是欧洲化学学会联合会分析部门的主席，并在欧盟增长计划高级别专家组担任了4年的成员。Valcárcel获得了西班牙国家Enrique Moles化学科学与技术奖（2005年）、安达卢西亚大学的Maimónides科学技术研究奖（1992年）和CEOE基金会的索尔维化学科学研究奖（1997年）。他获得了英国皇家化学学会颁发的Robert Boyle奖章（2004年）、奥地利化学学会授予的Enrich Planquette奖（1996年）、华沙大学颁发的金奖（2000年）和葡萄牙化学学会颁发。他还获得了2006年科尔多瓦教育/研究年度公民奖，并因其科学轨迹于2006年获得了Averroes de Oro Cuidad de Córdoba奖章。他还被巴伦西亚大学授予荣誉博士称号（2010年），并被欧洲化学与分子科学协会分析化学部授予欧洲DAC EuChMS奖，以表彰他的科学和教学生涯（2015年）。他是约700篇论文的作者，出版了9本科学书籍，并与人合著了15章多作者书籍。Valcárcel教授拥有独特的活力和非常准确的分析化学视野，他为数十名学生的培养做出了贡献，他对此感到非常自豪，其中一些人今天是遍布世界各地的正式教授。《巴西分析化学杂志》哀悼他的去世，并通过这篇简单的悼念文章，表彰他对世界各地分析化学和科学的巨大贡献。
{"title":"BrJAC mourns the death of Prof. Dr. Miguel Valcárcel Cases and recognizes his great contribution to Analytical Chemistry and Science around the World","authors":"M. Arruda","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.inmemoriam.mvalcarcel","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.inmemoriam.mvalcarcel","url":null,"abstract":"Who has not seen or heard about books such as Analytical Chemistry: A Modern Approach to Analytical Science, Principles of Analytical Chemistry: A Textbook, or Foundations of Analytical Chemistry: A Teaching-Learning Approach, or about flow injection analysis-FIA, and sequential injection analysis-SIA? These are, in fact, some contributions from Prof. Miguel Valcárcel Cases, at the University of Córdoba-Spain, who leave us on 9th January 2022 at the age of 75. Prof. Valcárcel was Dean of the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Córdoba, Vice-Rector for academic guidance and teaching and Vice-Rector for quality, as well as the first Director of the Andalusian Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry since 1994. Born in Barcelona (Spain), Prof. Valcárcel was a graduate of the University of Seville where also obtained his Ph.D., and was an assistant teacher until 1975. He was an associate professor of Analytical Chemistry at the Faculty of Science of Palma de Mallorca in 1975, an institution where he was also Dean and full professor at the University of Cordoba in the year 1976. He was also President of the Analytical Division of the European Federation of Chemical Societies and was a member for 4 years of the High-Level Expert Group of the European Union's Growth Program. Valcárcel received the Spanish national Enrique Moles prize for Chemical Science and Technology (2005), the Maimónides prize for scientific-technical research from the Junta de Andalucia (1992), and the Solvay Research Prize in Chemical Sciences from the CEOE Foundation (1997). He has the Robert Boyle Medal from the Royal Society of Chemistry (UK, 2004), the Enrich Planquette Prize from the Austrian Chemical Society (1996), the Gold Medal from the University of Warsaw (2000), and the Medal from the Portuguese Chemical Society (2000). He also received the distinction of Cordoba citizen of the year 2006 in the education/research section, and the Averroes de Oro-Cuidad de Córdoba medal in 2006 for his scientific trajectory. He was also awarded the title of Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of Valencia (2010) and the European DAC-EuChMS (Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences) award in recognition of his scientific and teaching career (2015). He was the author of ca. 700 papers, published 9 scientific books, and co-authored 15 chapters of multi-author books. Owner of a unique vitality and a very accurate vision of Analytical Chemistry, Prof. Valcárcel contributed to the formation of dozens of students, of which he was extremely proud, and some of them are today Full professors spread all over the world. The Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry mourns his death, and through this simple tribute, recognizes his great contribution to Analytical Chemistry and science around the world.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-61-2021
E. Azooz, Ghusoon Shabaa, E. Al-Mulla
For the selective extraction of silver, a cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure was developed. After synthesizing the solvation species through the reaction of silver ions with 2, 4-dimethyl pentane-3-one (2,4 DMP), the salting-out agent (0.4 mol L-1 NaNO3) was added at 35 °C and, after 10 min, Triton X-114 was used to separate silver ions from aqueous solution. The type and quantity of salting-out agent, silver ion, temperature, heating time, and surfactant volume were all examined as important factors determining the CPE. The analytical curve in the 0.1-100 μg L-1 Ag range was straight at optimal conditions. The detection limit (LOD), quantification limit (LOQ), and enrichment factor (E) were 0.05 µg L-1, 0.15 µg L-1, and 200, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was estimated as 0.2-3.9% (n = 5) in relation to 1, 40, and 80 μg L-1 Ag. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry and spectrophotometry exploiting dithizone were used to assess the CPE accuracy. The proposed approach was then applied to river water, rain water and sand samples.
{"title":"Methodology for Preconcentration and Determination of Silver in Aqueous Samples using Cloud Point Extraction","authors":"E. Azooz, Ghusoon Shabaa, E. Al-Mulla","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-61-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-61-2021","url":null,"abstract":"For the selective extraction of silver, a cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure was developed. After synthesizing the solvation species through the reaction of silver ions with 2, 4-dimethyl pentane-3-one (2,4 DMP), the salting-out agent (0.4 mol L-1 NaNO3) was added at 35 °C and, after 10 min, Triton X-114 was used to separate silver ions from aqueous solution. The type and quantity of salting-out agent, silver ion, temperature, heating time, and surfactant volume were all examined as important factors determining the CPE. The analytical curve in the 0.1-100 μg L-1 Ag range was straight at optimal conditions. The detection limit (LOD), quantification limit (LOQ), and enrichment factor (E) were 0.05 µg L-1, 0.15 µg L-1, and 200, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was estimated as 0.2-3.9% (n = 5) in relation to 1, 40, and 80 μg L-1 Ag. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry and spectrophotometry exploiting dithizone were used to assess the CPE accuracy. The proposed approach was then applied to river water, rain water and sand samples.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43807067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：