Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-107-2023
Valentina Rojas-Candia, D. Arismendi, E. Carasek, Pablo Richter
A novel strategy for microextraction of emerging contaminants was developed by using cork activated carbon (CAC) as the sorbent phase. Carbonization of the natural phase increased the surface area and the porosity of the material, thus improving the extraction efficiency. Moderately polar compounds, such as ibuprofen and its metabolites, were used as model analytes in water samples. Rotating disk sorptive extraction (RDSE) together with gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) were used for extraction and determination of the analytes, respectively. The optimum conditions for the material synthesis were 600 °C, K2CO3 as the activating agent and a mass ratio of 0.8:1 (activating agent:raw material). The optimum values for the RDSE were pH 2, a sample volume of 25 mL and an extraction time of 90 min. The absolute recovery rates for ibuprofen and its metabolites ranged from 19 to 55%, and the relative standard deviations were between 3 and 13%. The proposed method was used to measure the analytes in the influent and effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in Santiago, Chile. The concentrations found for ibuprofen and its metabolites were 0.98–9.8 µg L-1 and 0.8–8.6 µg L-1 in the influent and effluent, respectively. Activation of the cork material enabled the synthesis of a sorbent phase with sorption efficiencies similar to those obtained with the commercial octadecylsilane (C18) phase and superior to that observed for styrene-divinylbenzene (S-DVB). This process is simple and cost-effective.
{"title":"Cork-Activated Carbon as a Sorptive Phase for Microextraction of Emerging Contaminants in Water Samples","authors":"Valentina Rojas-Candia, D. Arismendi, E. Carasek, Pablo Richter","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-107-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-107-2023","url":null,"abstract":"A novel strategy for microextraction of emerging contaminants was developed by using cork activated carbon (CAC) as the sorbent phase. Carbonization of the natural phase increased the surface area and the porosity of the material, thus improving the extraction efficiency. Moderately polar compounds, such as ibuprofen and its metabolites, were used as model analytes in water samples. Rotating disk sorptive extraction (RDSE) together with gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) were used for extraction and determination of the analytes, respectively. The optimum conditions for the material synthesis were 600 °C, K2CO3 as the activating agent and a mass ratio of 0.8:1 (activating agent:raw material). The optimum values for the RDSE were pH 2, a sample volume of 25 mL and an extraction time of 90 min. The absolute recovery rates for ibuprofen and its metabolites ranged from 19 to 55%, and the relative standard deviations were between 3 and 13%. The proposed method was used to measure the analytes in the influent and effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in Santiago, Chile. The concentrations found for ibuprofen and its metabolites were 0.98–9.8 µg L-1 and 0.8–8.6 µg L-1 in the influent and effluent, respectively. Activation of the cork material enabled the synthesis of a sorbent phase with sorption efficiencies similar to those obtained with the commercial octadecylsilane (C18) phase and superior to that observed for styrene-divinylbenzene (S-DVB). This process is simple and cost-effective.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140215948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-109-2023
Nancy da Costa, Gabriel Brito, Cyro Chagas, Fernanda Almeida
Recently, there has been a worldwide problem of increased bee mortality (Colony Collapse Disorder) and the intensive use of pesticides is suspected as one of the causes. Honey samples are one of many indicators to assess bee exposure to pesticides. In this work, a method for the simultaneous analysis of the pesticide Fipronil and its degradation products in honey samples by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) is presented and validated. The extraction procedure was investigated using C18-SPE with different solvents and methanol showed the best performance. The analytical quantification was performed by internal standard matrix-matched calibration, which resulted in analytical curves presenting correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The proposed method was validated with good results, such as recoveries around 70 - 99%, limits of detection and quantification bellow 0.014 and 0.072 μg mL-1, respectively, and relative standard deviations below 7%. The method is simple, effective and was successfully applied to 28 commercial honey samples, regular and organic, from different floral sources. The results showed the presence of fipronil desulfinyl, the main degradation product of fipronil, in some samples, even among the organic ones.
{"title":"Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Fipronil and its Degradation Products in 28 Organic and Regular Honey Samples by GC-ECD","authors":"Nancy da Costa, Gabriel Brito, Cyro Chagas, Fernanda Almeida","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-109-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-109-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a worldwide problem of increased bee mortality (Colony Collapse Disorder) and the intensive use of pesticides is suspected as one of the causes. Honey samples are one of many indicators to assess bee exposure to pesticides. In this work, a method for the simultaneous analysis of the pesticide Fipronil and its degradation products in honey samples by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) is presented and validated. The extraction procedure was investigated using C18-SPE with different solvents and methanol showed the best performance. The analytical quantification was performed by internal standard matrix-matched calibration, which resulted in analytical curves presenting correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The proposed method was validated with good results, such as recoveries around 70 - 99%, limits of detection and quantification bellow 0.014 and 0.072 μg mL-1, respectively, and relative standard deviations below 7%. The method is simple, effective and was successfully applied to 28 commercial honey samples, regular and organic, from different floral sources. The results showed the presence of fipronil desulfinyl, the main degradation product of fipronil, in some samples, even among the organic ones.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter.brazacalc
L. Brazaca, J. Bonacin, RodrigoA.A. Muñoz, B. Janegitz, Emanuel Carrilho
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought significant light to the urgent need for rapid, precise, and low-cost diagnosis tools. The scientific community has responded as quickly, overflowing the literature with papers describing interesting biosensors for aiding in the diagnosis of COVID-19.1,2 However, almost none of them, mainly the electrochemical ones have reached the market or never will, with only a few traditional formats used in the daily combat of the virus, including ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), lateral flow assays, and, mainly, PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Although PCR-based methods are currently the gold standard for detecting viruses worldwide, these still present various drawbacks. Usually, the commercial detection of viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2) uses the combination of standard PCR (or RT-PCR) and gel electrophoresis due to its sensitivity, reliability, and low price (if compared to other PCR-based methods such as real-time PCR). This approach relies, mainly, on the use of a standard thermal cycler and an electrophoresis tank by a specialized worker. While electrophoresis tanks can be quite affordable, with some of them costing a few hundred dollars,3 even simple thermal cyclers cost around 5,000 USD4 – significantly enhancing the investment required for testing. Furthermore, the complete analysis of a sample is slow and can take up to six hours to complete, which prevents an effective sanitary barrier at borders and crowded events, for example. The samples need to be transported to the lab, as no reliable portable PCR and gel electrophoresis equipment are available. The results commonly take from two to five days to be generated - an extremely long delay when considering that these can seriously influence the health of a patient and the spread of the virus. Last, standard PCR does not provide quantitative information – which is vital in some cases to aid in diagnosing the severity of an infection. Techniques derived from PCR (such as qPCR, for example), on the other hand, can provide quantitative and more rapid results, but are also more expensive and still require sample transportation. Equipment for performing qPCR ranges from 15,000 USD to 90,000 USD4 and the use of specific reaction kits containing fluorescent markers also corresponds to a significant increase in analysis costs. Other commercially available methods for the detection of viruses, ELISA and lateral flow assays, also present significant drawbacks. While ELISA is time demanding (6 h) and requires specialized professionals and equipment to be adequately performed, some lateral flow assays present results with low precision,5,6 being useful for massive triages in the case of COVID-19, for example. Although presenting such limitations, PCR-based techniques are still the gold standard for the detection of viruses. This is probably due to its sensitive and well-established features, being widespread along with many medical and research centers around the gl
{"title":"Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Viruses: Must-Have Products or Just Science for Publication?","authors":"L. Brazaca, J. Bonacin, RodrigoA.A. Muñoz, B. Janegitz, Emanuel Carrilho","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter.brazacalc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter.brazacalc","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought significant light to the urgent need for rapid, precise, and low-cost diagnosis tools. The scientific community has responded as quickly, overflowing the literature with papers describing interesting biosensors for aiding in the diagnosis of COVID-19.1,2 However, almost none of them, mainly the electrochemical ones have reached the market or never will, with only a few traditional formats used in the daily combat of the virus, including ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), lateral flow assays, and, mainly, PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Although PCR-based methods are currently the gold standard for detecting viruses worldwide, these still present various drawbacks. Usually, the commercial detection of viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2) uses the combination of standard PCR (or RT-PCR) and gel electrophoresis due to its sensitivity, reliability, and low price (if compared to other PCR-based methods such as real-time PCR). This approach relies, mainly, on the use of a standard thermal cycler and an electrophoresis tank by a specialized worker. While electrophoresis tanks can be quite affordable, with some of them costing a few hundred dollars,3 even simple thermal cyclers cost around 5,000 USD4 – significantly enhancing the investment required for testing. Furthermore, the complete analysis of a sample is slow and can take up to six hours to complete, which prevents an effective sanitary barrier at borders and crowded events, for example. The samples need to be transported to the lab, as no reliable portable PCR and gel electrophoresis equipment are available. The results commonly take from two to five days to be generated - an extremely long delay when considering that these can seriously influence the health of a patient and the spread of the virus. Last, standard PCR does not provide quantitative information – which is vital in some cases to aid in diagnosing the severity of an infection. Techniques derived from PCR (such as qPCR, for example), on the other hand, can provide quantitative and more rapid results, but are also more expensive and still require sample transportation. Equipment for performing qPCR ranges from 15,000 USD to 90,000 USD4 and the use of specific reaction kits containing fluorescent markers also corresponds to a significant increase in analysis costs. Other commercially available methods for the detection of viruses, ELISA and lateral flow assays, also present significant drawbacks. While ELISA is time demanding (6 h) and requires specialized professionals and equipment to be adequately performed, some lateral flow assays present results with low precision,5,6 being useful for massive triages in the case of COVID-19, for example. Although presenting such limitations, PCR-based techniques are still the gold standard for the detection of viruses. This is probably due to its sensitive and well-established features, being widespread along with many medical and research centers around the gl","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-48-2023
Wellen Serafim, Briyitte Torres, T. Kunst, Alanna do Nascimento, I. D. da Silva, Marisilda Ribeiro, A. P. Paim
Carrots, chayote, and rice are foods widely consumed by the Brazilian population, so developing analytical methods that allow elemental characterization becomes extremely important. In this work, the sample decomposition method is proposed to prepare samples (raw and cooked) of rice, carrots, and chayote using dilute nitric acid. The samples underwent microwave-assisted acid decomposition (HNO3/H2O2) for subsequent determination by ICP OES for metals Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb and flame spectrophotometer for K and Na. Two decomposition methods were used. Method 1: 260 and 500 mg of sample, 3.5 mL of HNO3 1 mol L-1, 1.0 mL of 30% m/m H2O2 and 3.5 mL of ultrapure water. Method 2: 260 and 500 mg of sample, 5.0 mL of 1 mol L HNO3-1, 2.5 mL of 30% m/m H2O2 and 0.5 mL of ultrapure water. A factorial design (22) was also performed to know the effects of some variables on digestion efficiency. Based on the accuracy study using certified reference materials and the analysis of residual acidity and dissolved organic carbon, the condition that presented the best decomposition results was using 5 mL of HNO3 0.5 mol L-1 and 2.5 mL of 30% H2O2 for 100 mg of sample. Quantification limits ranged from 0.14 (Cr) 3.4 mg kg-1 (Pb), and the correlation coefficient was close to one in all cases. It was also observed that the cooking process increased the concentration of Al, Cd, and Cr and decreased Cu and K for all foods.
{"title":"Mineral Composition of Rice, Carrots, and Chayote after Microwave-Assisted Decomposition using Diluted Nitric Acid","authors":"Wellen Serafim, Briyitte Torres, T. Kunst, Alanna do Nascimento, I. D. da Silva, Marisilda Ribeiro, A. P. Paim","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-48-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-48-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Carrots, chayote, and rice are foods widely consumed by the Brazilian population, so developing analytical methods that allow elemental characterization becomes extremely important. In this work, the sample decomposition method is proposed to prepare samples (raw and cooked) of rice, carrots, and chayote using dilute nitric acid. The samples underwent microwave-assisted acid decomposition (HNO3/H2O2) for subsequent determination by ICP OES for metals Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb and flame spectrophotometer for K and Na. Two decomposition methods were used. Method 1: 260 and 500 mg of sample, 3.5 mL of HNO3 1 mol L-1, 1.0 mL of 30% m/m H2O2 and 3.5 mL of ultrapure water. Method 2: 260 and 500 mg of sample, 5.0 mL of 1 mol L HNO3-1, 2.5 mL of 30% m/m H2O2 and 0.5 mL of ultrapure water. A factorial design (22) was also performed to know the effects of some variables on digestion efficiency. Based on the accuracy study using certified reference materials and the analysis of residual acidity and dissolved organic carbon, the condition that presented the best decomposition results was using 5 mL of HNO3 0.5 mol L-1 and 2.5 mL of 30% H2O2 for 100 mg of sample. Quantification limits ranged from 0.14 (Cr) 3.4 mg kg-1 (Pb), and the correlation coefficient was close to one in all cases. It was also observed that the cooking process increased the concentration of Al, Cd, and Cr and decreased Cu and K for all foods.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.interview.jlcmartinez
J. Capelo
J. L. Capelo, PhD, gets his bachelor’s degree in chemistry by the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), his doctorate in Analytical Chemistry by University of Vigo, UVIGO (Spain, award to the best doctoral thesis 2002) and his Post-Doc from the Instituto Superior Técnico de Lisboa (Portugal). His academic career comprises assistant to staff and lecturer at the UVIGO; research fellow at the Chemistry Department of the New University of Lisbon, CD-FCT-UNL, research fellow at the CDUVIGO, and assistant professor at the CD-FCT- UNL. Currently he is Associate Professor at the CD-FCT-UNL. Dr. Capelo is co-head of the bioscopegroup (www.bioscopegroup.org.) and his CV comprises (up to October 2023): 290 manuscripts; 250 congress communications (orals and posters); 23 projects; 2 Patents, 1 license agreement and 3 books (1 authored and 2 edited). He has chaired 65 international conferences and is presently involved in the direction of 7. He was a member of the advisory board of Talanta from 2006 to 2014 and is Editor in Chief of the on-line Journal JIOMICS (www.JIOMICS.com) since its creation in 2011. He is presently mentoring or co-mentoring a total of 3 doctoral theses, and he has mentored 3 post-doctoral grants, 10 doctoral grants, 9 masters and 8 final projects. His current research interest is devoted to developing new methodological approaches in personalised medicine using new proteomics approaches and unravelling bacterial resistance to antibiotics. He is a Fellow Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry, member of the American Chemical Society and member of the Portuguese Society of Chemistry. H index 45 (Scopus Scholar). 8300 Citations. His skills include sampling and sample treatment for trace metals; metal speciation, proteomics, biomarker discovery; food chemistry; and development and validation of analytical procedures. Analytical techniques: HPLC-ICP-MS, ET-AAS, F-AAS, CVAAS, HG- AAS, HG-AFS, MALDI-TOF-MS/MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS. Teaching (theory and laboratory) in Analytical Biochemistry, Proteomics, and related disciplines. H index 40, circa 8000 citations. Awards: Best 2002 Doctoral Thesis in Chemistry. University of Vigo. Spain. Rainbow Prize 2017.
{"title":"Professor José Luis Capelo Martinez, a researcher who believes that science and technology have a direct and tangible impact on human well-being kindly granted BrJAC an interview","authors":"J. Capelo","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.interview.jlcmartinez","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.interview.jlcmartinez","url":null,"abstract":"J. L. Capelo, PhD, gets his bachelor’s degree in chemistry by the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), his doctorate in Analytical Chemistry by University of Vigo, UVIGO (Spain, award to the best doctoral thesis 2002) and his Post-Doc from the Instituto Superior Técnico de Lisboa (Portugal). His academic career comprises assistant to staff and lecturer at the UVIGO; research fellow at the Chemistry Department of the New University of Lisbon, CD-FCT-UNL, research fellow at the CDUVIGO, and assistant professor at the CD-FCT- UNL. Currently he is Associate Professor at the CD-FCT-UNL. Dr. Capelo is co-head of the bioscopegroup (www.bioscopegroup.org.) and his CV comprises (up to October 2023): 290 manuscripts; 250 congress communications (orals and posters); 23 projects; 2 Patents, 1 license agreement and 3 books (1 authored and 2 edited). He has chaired 65 international conferences and is presently involved in the direction of 7. He was a member of the advisory board of Talanta from 2006 to 2014 and is Editor in Chief of the on-line Journal JIOMICS (www.JIOMICS.com) since its creation in 2011. He is presently mentoring or co-mentoring a total of 3 doctoral theses, and he has mentored 3 post-doctoral grants, 10 doctoral grants, 9 masters and 8 final projects. His current research interest is devoted to developing new methodological approaches in personalised medicine using new proteomics approaches and unravelling bacterial resistance to antibiotics. He is a Fellow Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry, member of the American Chemical Society and member of the Portuguese Society of Chemistry. H index 45 (Scopus Scholar). 8300 Citations. His skills include sampling and sample treatment for trace metals; metal speciation, proteomics, biomarker discovery; food chemistry; and development and validation of analytical procedures. Analytical techniques: HPLC-ICP-MS, ET-AAS, F-AAS, CVAAS, HG- AAS, HG-AFS, MALDI-TOF-MS/MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS. Teaching (theory and laboratory) in Analytical Biochemistry, Proteomics, and related disciplines. H index 40, circa 8000 citations. Awards: Best 2002 Doctoral Thesis in Chemistry. University of Vigo. Spain. Rainbow Prize 2017.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.point-of-view-janobrega.n42
Joaquim Nóbrega
In 2010, in the first BrJAC Editorial, Kubota emphasized: “We are launching BrJAC – Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry to open a discussion about the real role of the Analytical Chemistry for the development of the country and bring the improvement of the life quality. BrJAC is an Analytical Chemistry journal whose goal is to debate, discuss, show trends, and needs with opinion editorials and interviews with renowned investigators, besides publishing scientific papers from the academic and industry, fulfilling the idealistic purpose of a group of people to achieve actual academic industrial integration towards innovation and technical-scientific development.”1 In this same issue I had the opportunity to write a Point of View and I stated: “The launching of Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry (BrJAC) is a milestone with full potential to expand the flow of knowledge. The integration of academy and industry is a must and BrJAC will certainly play a major role in putting them in contact.”2 After a relatively short span of time (just 13 years!), it is amazing to think about how much was accomplished. As announced since the beginning, each issue has a great combination of reviews, scientific articles, points of view, letters, sponsors’ reports, releases, news, and interviews. This list of contents is part of the identity of BrJAC and each section plays a special role. Of course, articles are the core of any scientific journal, but to create and consolidate bridges we need to integrate academia and industry, so different forms of communication are in the BrJAC fingerprint. And how could we move ahead without listening to well-known analytical chemists? Fortunately, since its beginning, BrJAC has opened its pages for interviews. We began in 2010 with Prof. Carol Hollingworth Collins (Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas)3 and travelled all the way to Dr. Joanna Szpunar (National Research Council of France, CNRS) in the last issue.4 I have no doubt that important landmarks of the history of analytical chemistry in Brazil were revealed in a colloquial atmosphere in these interviews. Recently, Marco Arruda, the Editor-in-Chief, posted a letter on the journal website entitled, “From dream to reality”5 and invited us to celebrate the indexation of BrJAC by Clarivate and its starting impact factor of 0.7. Certainly, the Brazilian community in analytical chemistry has a lot to celebrate and it is amazing to reach this point when we think about the challenges along the 13-year road (and please keep counting!). In his letter, Marco Arruda mentioned challenges related to logistics, economy, ethics, and scientific quality. Surely, these are critical aspects. We live in an increasingly complex society full of opportunities and challenges. I am not thinking about political turmoil, social inequalities, and climate crisis. You know how big these challenges are. However, I would like to mention two other major challenges that we have coped
{"title":"BrJAC 2023 – Growing and Building Bridges","authors":"Joaquim Nóbrega","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.point-of-view-janobrega.n42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.point-of-view-janobrega.n42","url":null,"abstract":"In 2010, in the first BrJAC Editorial, Kubota emphasized: “We are launching BrJAC – Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry to open a discussion about the real role of the Analytical Chemistry for the development of the country and bring the improvement of the life quality. BrJAC is an Analytical Chemistry journal whose goal is to debate, discuss, show trends, and needs with opinion editorials and interviews with renowned investigators, besides publishing scientific papers from the academic and industry, fulfilling the idealistic purpose of a group of people to achieve actual academic industrial integration towards innovation and technical-scientific development.”1 In this same issue I had the opportunity to write a Point of View and I stated: “The launching of Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry (BrJAC) is a milestone with full potential to expand the flow of knowledge. The integration of academy and industry is a must and BrJAC will certainly play a major role in putting them in contact.”2 After a relatively short span of time (just 13 years!), it is amazing to think about how much was accomplished. As announced since the beginning, each issue has a great combination of reviews, scientific articles, points of view, letters, sponsors’ reports, releases, news, and interviews. This list of contents is part of the identity of BrJAC and each section plays a special role. Of course, articles are the core of any scientific journal, but to create and consolidate bridges we need to integrate academia and industry, so different forms of communication are in the BrJAC fingerprint. And how could we move ahead without listening to well-known analytical chemists? Fortunately, since its beginning, BrJAC has opened its pages for interviews. We began in 2010 with Prof. Carol Hollingworth Collins (Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas)3 and travelled all the way to Dr. Joanna Szpunar (National Research Council of France, CNRS) in the last issue.4 I have no doubt that important landmarks of the history of analytical chemistry in Brazil were revealed in a colloquial atmosphere in these interviews. Recently, Marco Arruda, the Editor-in-Chief, posted a letter on the journal website entitled, “From dream to reality”5 and invited us to celebrate the indexation of BrJAC by Clarivate and its starting impact factor of 0.7. Certainly, the Brazilian community in analytical chemistry has a lot to celebrate and it is amazing to reach this point when we think about the challenges along the 13-year road (and please keep counting!). In his letter, Marco Arruda mentioned challenges related to logistics, economy, ethics, and scientific quality. Surely, these are critical aspects. We live in an increasingly complex society full of opportunities and challenges. I am not thinking about political turmoil, social inequalities, and climate crisis. You know how big these challenges are. However, I would like to mention two other major challenges that we have coped","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-45-2023
G. Vettorello, Lucas Schmidt, Daniel Kuhn, Bruno da Silva, A. Weber, S. Cordeiro, Guilherme Henn, Bruna Costa, Jéssica dos Santos, Joana Willrich, Cristiano Pereira, Alexandre Rieger, C. Steffens, E. Ethur, E. D. de Freitas, L. Hoehne
Current Brazilian legislation for the treatment of drinking water does not require analysis for micropollutants such as the antibiotic amoxicillin. However, the presence of these compounds in the environment is directly linked to bacterial resistance, and the development of methodologies focusing on their removal is necessary. A few alternatives, such as Advanced Oxidative Processes, have already been proposed and, more recently, studies have shown that certain enzymes, like peroxidases, have the ability to degrade micropollutants in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the enzymatic degradation of 25 mg L-1 amoxicillin using peroxidase. For the specific method, amoxicillin solutions were fed to a batch reactor and different concentrations of peroxidase combined with varying H2O2 concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mmol L-1) were added. Reactions occurred for 9 hours. All samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and the residual toxicity was assessed using Daphnia magna. The results showed around 50% degradation of the drug, and byproducts originating from amoxicillin were identified. Toxicological tests indicated that the byproducts were minimally toxic to the microcrustacean, highlighting the importance of evaluating the safety of proposed treatments.
{"title":"Degradation of the Micropollutant Amoxicillin using Enzymatic Treatment and Evaluation of Resulting Byproducts","authors":"G. Vettorello, Lucas Schmidt, Daniel Kuhn, Bruno da Silva, A. Weber, S. Cordeiro, Guilherme Henn, Bruna Costa, Jéssica dos Santos, Joana Willrich, Cristiano Pereira, Alexandre Rieger, C. Steffens, E. Ethur, E. D. de Freitas, L. Hoehne","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-45-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.ar-45-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Current Brazilian legislation for the treatment of drinking water does not require analysis for micropollutants such as the antibiotic amoxicillin. However, the presence of these compounds in the environment is directly linked to bacterial resistance, and the development of methodologies focusing on their removal is necessary. A few alternatives, such as Advanced Oxidative Processes, have already been proposed and, more recently, studies have shown that certain enzymes, like peroxidases, have the ability to degrade micropollutants in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the enzymatic degradation of 25 mg L-1 amoxicillin using peroxidase. For the specific method, amoxicillin solutions were fed to a batch reactor and different concentrations of peroxidase combined with varying H2O2 concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mmol L-1) were added. Reactions occurred for 9 hours. All samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and the residual toxicity was assessed using Daphnia magna. The results showed around 50% degradation of the drug, and byproducts originating from amoxicillin were identified. Toxicological tests indicated that the byproducts were minimally toxic to the microcrustacean, highlighting the importance of evaluating the safety of proposed treatments.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter-jnaozuka.n42
J. Naozuka
For several reasons, mainly cost and local productivity, the world population does not have access to a balanced diet that contains all the macro and micronutrients necessary to maintain physiological functions for a healthy life. Nutritional education, supplementation, and consuming enriched (or fortified) foods appear as alternatives to supply daily demands and minimize malnutrition. Adding essential elements as salts (e.g., iron, calcium, and zinc) to ready-to-eat processed foods, such as milk, flour, and juices is already adopted in several countries. The choice of the compound to be added, as well as the transport vehicle (foods), must be very well evaluated since the cost, long-term consumption, and bioavailability of the added chemical species are imperative to ensure the nutritional quality of enriched food.1 Another alternative to produce enriched foods is cultivating an enriched medium (Figure 1), adding essential elements to soil or in nutritive solution (hydroponic procedure), irrigating leaves, or immersing seeds.2 In this case, the chemical species used to the enrich food must be absorbed, translocated, and accumulated in the edible part.2 Studies have shown that the iron enrichment of adzuki beans using iron nitrate or iron chloride was unsuccessful since iron inorganic species interact strongly with the antinutrients (tannins or phytates) present in the roots, forming insoluble complexes and preventing their translocation.3 Alternatives found to overcome this obstacle were enrichment by applying iron complexes with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid)3 or iron nanoparticles, mainly encapsulated.4 The nanoparticle application has been gaining prominence in agriculture, aiming to carry fertilizer, pesticides, and nutrients to stimulate plant growth and increase macro and micronutrient availability and absorption efficiency.5,6 Besides the interaction between essential elements with antinutrients, evaluating the competition between elemental species is important, because synergistic or antagonistic effects can be observed. In both cases, chemical species must interact with other components present in food or cultivation medium, altering its chemical composition when compared to food cultivated in conventional conditions. The antagonistic effect between selenium and mercury was observed in edible mushrooms, while the synergistic effect was observed with lead and selenium.7,8 Finally, it must be evaluated if the enrichment promotes the production of non-bioavailable or toxic species. Regardless of the food enrichment strategy, it is important to highlight the need to identify and quantify the elemental chemical species in the enriched foods by chemical speciation analysis. In the Figure 1 is shown examples of elemental chemical species; they can differ according to their oxidation states, inorganic forms, and organometallic or isotopic composition.9 For chemical speciation studies, initial fractionation steps (e.g., extraction proce
{"title":"Importance of Elemental Chemical Speciation Studies in Enriched Food: Nutritional Quality, Toxicity, and Economic Improvement","authors":"J. Naozuka","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter-jnaozuka.n42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.letter-jnaozuka.n42","url":null,"abstract":"For several reasons, mainly cost and local productivity, the world population does not have access to a balanced diet that contains all the macro and micronutrients necessary to maintain physiological functions for a healthy life. Nutritional education, supplementation, and consuming enriched (or fortified) foods appear as alternatives to supply daily demands and minimize malnutrition. Adding essential elements as salts (e.g., iron, calcium, and zinc) to ready-to-eat processed foods, such as milk, flour, and juices is already adopted in several countries. The choice of the compound to be added, as well as the transport vehicle (foods), must be very well evaluated since the cost, long-term consumption, and bioavailability of the added chemical species are imperative to ensure the nutritional quality of enriched food.1 Another alternative to produce enriched foods is cultivating an enriched medium (Figure 1), adding essential elements to soil or in nutritive solution (hydroponic procedure), irrigating leaves, or immersing seeds.2 In this case, the chemical species used to the enrich food must be absorbed, translocated, and accumulated in the edible part.2 Studies have shown that the iron enrichment of adzuki beans using iron nitrate or iron chloride was unsuccessful since iron inorganic species interact strongly with the antinutrients (tannins or phytates) present in the roots, forming insoluble complexes and preventing their translocation.3 Alternatives found to overcome this obstacle were enrichment by applying iron complexes with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid)3 or iron nanoparticles, mainly encapsulated.4 The nanoparticle application has been gaining prominence in agriculture, aiming to carry fertilizer, pesticides, and nutrients to stimulate plant growth and increase macro and micronutrient availability and absorption efficiency.5,6 Besides the interaction between essential elements with antinutrients, evaluating the competition between elemental species is important, because synergistic or antagonistic effects can be observed. In both cases, chemical species must interact with other components present in food or cultivation medium, altering its chemical composition when compared to food cultivated in conventional conditions. The antagonistic effect between selenium and mercury was observed in edible mushrooms, while the synergistic effect was observed with lead and selenium.7,8 Finally, it must be evaluated if the enrichment promotes the production of non-bioavailable or toxic species. Regardless of the food enrichment strategy, it is important to highlight the need to identify and quantify the elemental chemical species in the enriched foods by chemical speciation analysis. In the Figure 1 is shown examples of elemental chemical species; they can differ according to their oxidation states, inorganic forms, and organometallic or isotopic composition.9 For chemical speciation studies, initial fractionation steps (e.g., extraction proce","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.tn-92-2023
Lúcio Logrado, Jez Willian Braga, João Carlos Laboissiere
Banknotes are commonly subjected to chemical analysis in forensic laboratories in the search for post-explosion residues. This matrix presents unique challenges due to the potential presence of target analytes resulting from everyday use, as well as the lack of control samples for comparison. In addition to their relevance in attacks against Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), banknotes are of significant interest when confiscated from suspicious individuals, vehicles, and locations, as they can provide valuable evidence in establishing a connection to this type of crime scene. In such cases, the absence of bulk particles, alternative materials, and control samples is common. This study employed ion chromatography to analyze uncirculated, circulated, and seized banknotes, aiming to determine their ionic profiles. This investigation provides insights into the background levels of target ions in banknotes and aids in the analysis of post-explosion residues. A simple, fast, and precise extraction method was proposed, yielding RSD values below 10% for most analytes in uncirculated banknotes. The study revealed the presence of various ions of interest, some in significant concentrations, even in uncirculated banknotes. PCA analysis demonstrated a clear separation of uncirculated notes based on their banknote value. However, this clustering behavior was not observed in circulated banknotes due to natural variations in analyte concentrations. Interestingly, when uncirculated, circulated, and seized R$ 100 banknotes were analyzed together, the seized samples from an ATM robbery showed a distinct separation from the other groups, indicating the potential for developing classification models.
{"title":"Assessment of Banknotes as a Matrix for Detecting Post-Explosion Residues of Fuel-Oxidizer Explosive Mixtures Using Ion Chromatography","authors":"Lúcio Logrado, Jez Willian Braga, João Carlos Laboissiere","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.tn-92-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.tn-92-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Banknotes are commonly subjected to chemical analysis in forensic laboratories in the search for post-explosion residues. This matrix presents unique challenges due to the potential presence of target analytes resulting from everyday use, as well as the lack of control samples for comparison. In addition to their relevance in attacks against Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), banknotes are of significant interest when confiscated from suspicious individuals, vehicles, and locations, as they can provide valuable evidence in establishing a connection to this type of crime scene. In such cases, the absence of bulk particles, alternative materials, and control samples is common. This study employed ion chromatography to analyze uncirculated, circulated, and seized banknotes, aiming to determine their ionic profiles. This investigation provides insights into the background levels of target ions in banknotes and aids in the analysis of post-explosion residues. A simple, fast, and precise extraction method was proposed, yielding RSD values below 10% for most analytes in uncirculated banknotes. The study revealed the presence of various ions of interest, some in significant concentrations, even in uncirculated banknotes. PCA analysis demonstrated a clear separation of uncirculated notes based on their banknote value. However, this clustering behavior was not observed in circulated banknotes due to natural variations in analyte concentrations. Interestingly, when uncirculated, circulated, and seized R$ 100 banknotes were analyzed together, the seized samples from an ATM robbery showed a distinct separation from the other groups, indicating the potential for developing classification models.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139167762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.tn-68-2023
Rahul Sharma, Shailendra Kumar
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) is preferred mining explosives in worldwide. It is composed of ammonium nitrate (94-96%) and liquid hydrocarbon as fuel oil (4-6%), which is detonated through an explosive charge. In India, Forensic Science Laboratories received many criminal cases from investigation agencies for chemical analysis of sample as semi-solid materials supposed to be explosive material. In the present study, we developed an Attenuated Total Reflectance - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) procedure for easily analyzing the real crime exhibits related to ANFO based explosives. Firstly, semi-solid material is directly used on the ATR. Further, the sample is extracted using appropriate solvents (diethyl-ether/acetone). Extracts are subsequently analyzed on ATR-FTIR in comparison with standards for ammonium nitrate and diesel. The residue after acetone extract is dried and left solid material directly used on ATR for the detection of water-soluble compounds. The results significantly showed the presence of ammonium nitrate with the residue of diesel in a real crime exhibit. Hence, the proposed modify procedure can be advantageous for the rapid detection of diesel components mixed in ammonium nitrate through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy without the use of other chemical or instrumental analysis in a short period of time and also for easily identifying the presence of organic explosives (if any) among different samples received for the forensic opinion.
{"title":"Rapid Prediction of ANFO Based Explosives through ATR-FTIR Analysis – Use of ATR-FTIR in Explosives","authors":"Rahul Sharma, Shailendra Kumar","doi":"10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.tn-68-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.tn-68-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) is preferred mining explosives in worldwide. It is composed of ammonium nitrate (94-96%) and liquid hydrocarbon as fuel oil (4-6%), which is detonated through an explosive charge. In India, Forensic Science Laboratories received many criminal cases from investigation agencies for chemical analysis of sample as semi-solid materials supposed to be explosive material. In the present study, we developed an Attenuated Total Reflectance - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) procedure for easily analyzing the real crime exhibits related to ANFO based explosives. Firstly, semi-solid material is directly used on the ATR. Further, the sample is extracted using appropriate solvents (diethyl-ether/acetone). Extracts are subsequently analyzed on ATR-FTIR in comparison with standards for ammonium nitrate and diesel. The residue after acetone extract is dried and left solid material directly used on ATR for the detection of water-soluble compounds. The results significantly showed the presence of ammonium nitrate with the residue of diesel in a real crime exhibit. Hence, the proposed modify procedure can be advantageous for the rapid detection of diesel components mixed in ammonium nitrate through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy without the use of other chemical or instrumental analysis in a short period of time and also for easily identifying the presence of organic explosives (if any) among different samples received for the forensic opinion.","PeriodicalId":9115,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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