Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.172805
R. Castañeda-Salazar, A. Pulido-Villamarín, Geraldine Lorena Ángel-Rodríguez, Camila Andrea Zafra-Alba, O. Oliver-Espinosa
Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease (FBD) that affects public health and can cause death in people. Many outbreaks of Salmonellosis have been reported due to the contamination of raw milk and dairy products with the pathogen. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk samples from four dairy herds in the Sabana of Bogotá in 2017, 112 milk samples were taken directly from the mammary gland during milking. All milk samples were cultured and tested to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. using microbiological and molecular methods. Salmonella spp. prevalence of milk samples was found to be 20.5% (n=23). The main Salmonella serovars isolated were S. Newport (60.87%), S. Typhimurium (17.4%), S. Virchow, S. Bredeney, and S. Anatum (4.3% each one of the serovars). However, it was not possible to determine the Salmonella serotype in two isolates. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk has not been studied extensively in Colombia. The 20.5% in the prevalence might be due to fact that the sample was taken directly from the mammary gland allowing a better chance of isolation by avoiding the dilutional effect of mixed milk from different cows in the buckets. This also suggests that the infection of the udder could have occurred by hematogenous dissemination or by milking machine contamination. This study highlights the need to implement measures to prevent contamination and reduce the problem in the herds, which will result in milk and dairy products with high standards of innocuity and quality and decrease the risk of foodborne illness.
{"title":"Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. in raw milk from dairy herds in Colombia","authors":"R. Castañeda-Salazar, A. Pulido-Villamarín, Geraldine Lorena Ángel-Rodríguez, Camila Andrea Zafra-Alba, O. Oliver-Espinosa","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.172805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.172805","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease (FBD) that affects public health and can cause death in people. Many outbreaks of Salmonellosis have been reported due to the contamination of raw milk and dairy products with the pathogen. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk samples from four dairy herds in the Sabana of Bogotá in 2017, 112 milk samples were taken directly from the mammary gland during milking. All milk samples were cultured and tested to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. using microbiological and molecular methods. Salmonella spp. prevalence of milk samples was found to be 20.5% (n=23). The main Salmonella serovars isolated were S. Newport (60.87%), S. Typhimurium (17.4%), S. Virchow, S. Bredeney, and S. Anatum (4.3% each one of the serovars). However, it was not possible to determine the Salmonella serotype in two isolates. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk has not been studied extensively in Colombia. The 20.5% in the prevalence might be due to fact that the sample was taken directly from the mammary gland allowing a better chance of isolation by avoiding the dilutional effect of mixed milk from different cows in the buckets. This also suggests that the infection of the udder could have occurred by hematogenous dissemination or by milking machine contamination. This study highlights the need to implement measures to prevent contamination and reduce the problem in the herds, which will result in milk and dairy products with high standards of innocuity and quality and decrease the risk of foodborne illness.","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45865011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174951
D. Sato, A. Zanella, E. Costa
As colisoes entre veiculos e animais representam um serio problema na infraestrutura rodoviaria. Para evitar tais acidentes, medidas mitigatorias tem sido aplicadas em diferentes regioes do mundo. Neste projeto e apresentado um sistema de deteccao de animais em rodovias utilizando visao computacional e algoritmo de aprendizado de maquina. Os modelos foram treinados para classificar dois grupos de animais: capivaras e equideos. Foram utilizadas duas variantes da rede neural convolucional chamada Yolo (voce so ve uma vez) — Yolov4 e Yolov4-tiny (versao mais leve da rede) — e o treinamento foi realizado a partir de modelos pre-treinados. Testes de deteccao foram realizados em 147 imagens e os resultados de precisao obtidos foram de 84,87% e 79,87% para Yolov4 e Yolov4-tiny, respectivamente. O sistema proposto tem o potencial de melhorar a seguranca rodoviaria reduzindo ou prevenindo acidentes com animais.
{"title":"Computational classification of animals for a highway detection system","authors":"D. Sato, A. Zanella, E. Costa","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174951","url":null,"abstract":"As colisoes entre veiculos e animais representam um serio problema na infraestrutura rodoviaria. Para evitar tais acidentes, medidas mitigatorias tem sido aplicadas em diferentes regioes do mundo. Neste projeto e apresentado um sistema de deteccao de animais em rodovias utilizando visao computacional e algoritmo de aprendizado de maquina. Os modelos foram treinados para classificar dois grupos de animais: capivaras e equideos. Foram utilizadas duas variantes da rede neural convolucional chamada Yolo (voce so ve uma vez) — Yolov4 e Yolov4-tiny (versao mais leve da rede) — e o treinamento foi realizado a partir de modelos pre-treinados. Testes de deteccao foram realizados em 147 imagens e os resultados de precisao obtidos foram de 84,87% e 79,87% para Yolov4 e Yolov4-tiny, respectivamente. O sistema proposto tem o potencial de melhorar a seguranca rodoviaria reduzindo ou prevenindo acidentes com animais.","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174355
M. Maldonado, Francine Henry, Teissiane Fernanda de Vasconcelos Ferreira, B. P. Mello, M. Binelli, C. Membrive
A liberacao endometrial de prostaglandina-F2α (PGF2α) em femeas bovinas pode ser induzida in vivo pelo estradiol (E2). Entretanto o seu mecanismo de acao ainda nao foi bem esclarecido. Nossa hipotese e que o E2 estimula a atividade e a abundância da proteina quinase C (PKC) e da fosfolipase A2 (PLA2). Nosso objetivo com este estudo foi analisar os efeitos de inibidores de PKC e PLA2 na sintese de PGF2α induzida por E2 e ionoforo de calcio (CI) em celulas endometriais bovinas (celulas BEND; Experimento 1). Adicionalmente, nos avaliamos a abundância de PKC e PLA2 em explantes endometriais de vacas tratadas com ou sem E2 17 dias apos o estro (D17, D0 = estro; Experimento 2). No Experimento 1, celulas BEND foram submetidas ao inibidor de PKC (10 μM de C25H24N4O2; bisindolylmaleimide I, ou BIS I), e ao inibidor de PLA2 (20 μM de arachydoniltrifluoromethane ou AACOCF3) ou a nenhum inibidor. As celulas BEND foram subsequentemente tratadas com E2 e CI e concentracoes de PGF2α foram mensuradas no meio de cultura por radioimunoenssaio. Para DIF-12 (concentracao de PGF2α 12 horas depois do tratamento, subtraida da concentracao de PGF2α na hora 0), nao foi observado efeito do inibidor de PKC (P = 0.2709). Entretanto DIF-12 foi menor (P < 0.05) nos grupos tratados com inibidor de PLA2 e inibidor de PLA2 + CI + E2 quando comparados com o grupo controle e o grupo CI + E2. O AACOCF3 foi um eficiente inibidor de PLA2 em sistema de cultura de celulas BEND e o E2 nao estimulou a sintese de PKC e PLA2. No Experimento 2, novilhas Nelore ciclicas receberam 3 mg de 17β-E2 (n = 6) ou nenhum tratamento (n = 5) no D17 e foram abatidas duas horas depois da administracao dos tratamentos. A quantidade de PKC e PLA2 no tecido endometrial foi avaliada pela tecnica de Western Blotting. Nao foi observado efeito do E2 sobre a PKC (P= 0.08) e nem sobre a PLA2 (P= 0.56). Conclui-se que o E2 nao estimulou a atividade e abundância de PKC e PLA2.
{"title":"Use of protein kinase C and phospholipase A2 inhibitors in bovine endometrial cells treated with estradiol and calcium ionophore","authors":"M. Maldonado, Francine Henry, Teissiane Fernanda de Vasconcelos Ferreira, B. P. Mello, M. Binelli, C. Membrive","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174355","url":null,"abstract":"A liberacao endometrial de prostaglandina-F2α (PGF2α) em femeas bovinas pode ser induzida in vivo pelo estradiol (E2). Entretanto o seu mecanismo de acao ainda nao foi bem esclarecido. Nossa hipotese e que o E2 estimula a atividade e a abundância da proteina quinase C (PKC) e da fosfolipase A2 (PLA2). Nosso objetivo com este estudo foi analisar os efeitos de inibidores de PKC e PLA2 na sintese de PGF2α induzida por E2 e ionoforo de calcio (CI) em celulas endometriais bovinas (celulas BEND; Experimento 1). Adicionalmente, nos avaliamos a abundância de PKC e PLA2 em explantes endometriais de vacas tratadas com ou sem E2 17 dias apos o estro (D17, D0 = estro; Experimento 2). No Experimento 1, celulas BEND foram submetidas ao inibidor de PKC (10 μM de C25H24N4O2; bisindolylmaleimide I, ou BIS I), e ao inibidor de PLA2 (20 μM de arachydoniltrifluoromethane ou AACOCF3) ou a nenhum inibidor. As celulas BEND foram subsequentemente tratadas com E2 e CI e concentracoes de PGF2α foram mensuradas no meio de cultura por radioimunoenssaio. Para DIF-12 (concentracao de PGF2α 12 horas depois do tratamento, subtraida da concentracao de PGF2α na hora 0), nao foi observado efeito do inibidor de PKC (P = 0.2709). Entretanto DIF-12 foi menor (P < 0.05) nos grupos tratados com inibidor de PLA2 e inibidor de PLA2 + CI + E2 quando comparados com o grupo controle e o grupo CI + E2. O AACOCF3 foi um eficiente inibidor de PLA2 em sistema de cultura de celulas BEND e o E2 nao estimulou a sintese de PKC e PLA2. No Experimento 2, novilhas Nelore ciclicas receberam 3 mg de 17β-E2 (n = 6) ou nenhum tratamento (n = 5) no D17 e foram abatidas duas horas depois da administracao dos tratamentos. A quantidade de PKC e PLA2 no tecido endometrial foi avaliada pela tecnica de Western Blotting. Nao foi observado efeito do E2 sobre a PKC (P= 0.08) e nem sobre a PLA2 (P= 0.56). Conclui-se que o E2 nao estimulou a atividade e abundância de PKC e PLA2.","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43900956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.175262
L. Skippen, J. Collier, J. Kithuka
A crescente demanda por ejiao – uma gelatina produzida a partir da pele de jumento e usada na medicina tradicional chinesa – esta colocando em risco as populacoes globais de jumentos e ameacando a subsistencia de milhoes de pessoas que dependem delas em paises de renda media e baixa. Centenas de milhares de jumentos sao abatidos para obter suas peles e exportados anualmente, principalmente da Africa para a China. No entanto, o comercio esta se espalhando pelo globo, inclusive para o Brasil. Este artigo destaca as pessimas condicoes de bem-estar para os jumentos apanhados no comercio legal e ilegal, bem como os efeitos sobre as pessoas vulneraveis e o potencial de propagacao de doencas e riscos para a saude humana.
{"title":"donkey skin trade: a growing global problem","authors":"L. Skippen, J. Collier, J. Kithuka","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.175262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.175262","url":null,"abstract":"A crescente demanda por ejiao – uma gelatina produzida a partir da pele de jumento e usada na medicina tradicional chinesa – esta colocando em risco as populacoes globais de jumentos e ameacando a subsistencia de milhoes de pessoas que dependem delas em paises de renda media e baixa. Centenas de milhares de jumentos sao abatidos para obter suas peles e exportados anualmente, principalmente da Africa para a China. No entanto, o comercio esta se espalhando pelo globo, inclusive para o Brasil. Este artigo destaca as pessimas condicoes de bem-estar para os jumentos apanhados no comercio legal e ilegal, bem como os efeitos sobre as pessoas vulneraveis e o potencial de propagacao de doencas e riscos para a saude humana.","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43501513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.175282
Gislane Junqueira Brandão, J. H. Medeiros, Geuza Leitão Barros, A. P. Pessoa, A. Zanella, C. A. A. Oliveira, Elizabeth H. MacGregor, Vânia Plaza Nunes
This case report presents the importance of articulation between legal professionals with the expertise of those who work in different areas of animal science and the activists of animal cause. The report is based on the experience that took place in the interior of the State of Bahia, with a donkey herd, the target of foreign groups interested in donkey hide exploration. The animals were rescued from mistreatment and slaughter, thanks to efficient legal work, aided by several areas of the veterinary sciences, and supported politically by the movement of animal activists. The union between activism and technical knowledge in the areas of health, breeding, nutrition, animal welfare, and legal knowledge is a tool that should not be overlooked. On the contrary, it has proved effective, confirming a strong and innovative link capable of saving animals, promoting their welfare, generating technical knowledge, and new and promising proposals for intersectoral action.
{"title":"union between technical knowledge and activism as a tool to save the donkey","authors":"Gislane Junqueira Brandão, J. H. Medeiros, Geuza Leitão Barros, A. P. Pessoa, A. Zanella, C. A. A. Oliveira, Elizabeth H. MacGregor, Vânia Plaza Nunes","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.175282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.175282","url":null,"abstract":"This case report presents the importance of articulation between legal professionals with the expertise of those who work in different areas of animal science and the activists of animal cause. The report is based on the experience that took place in the interior of the State of Bahia, with a donkey herd, the target of foreign groups interested in donkey hide exploration. The animals were rescued from mistreatment and slaughter, thanks to efficient legal work, aided by several areas of the veterinary sciences, and supported politically by the movement of animal activists. The union between activism and technical knowledge in the areas of health, breeding, nutrition, animal welfare, and legal knowledge is a tool that should not be overlooked. On the contrary, it has proved effective, confirming a strong and innovative link capable of saving animals, promoting their welfare, generating technical knowledge, and new and promising proposals for intersectoral action.","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45371650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-24DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174336
Rosana Klaus, Laura Valadão Vieira, Adriane Dalla Costa de Matos, A. Barbosa, M. N. Corrêa, R. A. Pereira, E. G. Xavier, C. Brauner, F. D. Del Pino, V. Rabassa
This study was developed to evaluate the clinical, hematological, and performance parameters of calves affected by diarrhea caused by the bacterial enteric pathogen Escherichia coli, treated with three different protocols containing sulfonamides. Fourteen Holstein calves were monitored from birth to 60 days of age, and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, administered orally (BM), dissolved in 160 ml of water every 24 h; Group 2 (n=4) received IM sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), and Group 3 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, which is made up of 16 g of phthalylsulfathiazole, associated with 2.28 g neomycin sulfate, 1.6 g of pectin, and 80 g of kaolin, dissolved in 160 ml of water and administered every 24 h by mouth, in addition to sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), at a daily dose of 16 mg/kg live weight, through IM injection. During the study, the animals were clinically evaluated, and once they were diagnosed with diarrhea, feces samples were collected to identify the bacterial enteric pathogen, antibiogram, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and coproparasitological exams. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the hematological profile, and the performance profile was monitored weekly. In the clinical examination, all calves presented a reduction in body temperature (<39.2°C) and some improvement in hydration after treatment (p=0,31). However, group 2 had a better concentration of lymphocytes and TP concerning the other animals, as well as better performance. Besides, E.coli was detected in 100% of feces samples. Thus, the therapeutic protocols with sulfonamides used to treat bovine neonatal diarrhea were effective in the clinical improvement of the animals. Nonetheless, the protocol with systemic therapy using sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil) intramuscularly, provided better performance, with better weight gain, and body development of the animals.
本研究旨在评估受细菌性肠道病原体大肠杆菌引起的腹泻影响的小牛的临床、血液学和性能参数，用含有磺酰胺的三种不同方案进行处理。对14头荷斯坦小牛从出生到60天大进行监测，并将其分为3组。第1组（n=5）动物用80 g Kaopek®（Ibasa，Brazil）口服（BM）处理，每24小时溶于160 ml水中；第2组（n=4）接受IM磺胺嘧啶和甲氧苄啶（Ibatrim®，Ibasa，巴西），第3组（n=5）动物接受80克Kaopek®，Ibisa，巴西，其由16克邻苯二甲酰硫噻唑和2.28克硫酸新霉素、1.6克果胶和80克高岭土组成，溶于160毫升水中，每24小时口服一次，除磺胺嘧啶和甲氧苄啶（Ibatrim®，巴西Ibasa）外，通过IM注射，每日剂量为16 mg/kg活重。在研究过程中，对这些动物进行了临床评估，一旦它们被诊断为腹泻，就收集粪便样本，以鉴定肠道细菌病原体、抗体谱、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和共寄生虫学检查。采集血液样本以评估血液学特征，并每周监测表现特征。在临床检查中，所有小牛在治疗后体温下降（<39.2°C），水合作用有所改善（p=0,31）。然而，与其他动物相比，第2组的淋巴细胞和TP浓度更好，表现也更好。此外，在100%的粪便样本中检测到大肠杆菌。因此，磺胺类药物用于治疗牛新生儿腹泻的治疗方案对动物的临床改善是有效的。尽管如此，使用磺胺嘧啶和甲氧苄啶（Ibatrim®，Ibasa，巴西）肌肉注射进行全身治疗的方案提供了更好的性能、更好的体重增加和动物的身体发育。
{"title":"Use of sulfonamides for the treatment of bovine neonatal diarrhea: clinical and performance parameters","authors":"Rosana Klaus, Laura Valadão Vieira, Adriane Dalla Costa de Matos, A. Barbosa, M. N. Corrêa, R. A. Pereira, E. G. Xavier, C. Brauner, F. D. Del Pino, V. Rabassa","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174336","url":null,"abstract":"This study was developed to evaluate the clinical, hematological, and performance parameters of calves affected by diarrhea caused by the bacterial enteric pathogen Escherichia coli, treated with three different protocols containing sulfonamides. Fourteen Holstein calves were monitored from birth to 60 days of age, and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, administered orally (BM), dissolved in 160 ml of water every 24 h; Group 2 (n=4) received IM sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), and Group 3 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, which is made up of 16 g of phthalylsulfathiazole, associated with 2.28 g neomycin sulfate, 1.6 g of pectin, and 80 g of kaolin, dissolved in 160 ml of water and administered every 24 h by mouth, in addition to sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), at a daily dose of 16 mg/kg live weight, through IM injection. During the study, the animals were clinically evaluated, and once they were diagnosed with diarrhea, feces samples were collected to identify the bacterial enteric pathogen, antibiogram, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and coproparasitological exams. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the hematological profile, and the performance profile was monitored weekly. In the clinical examination, all calves presented a reduction in body temperature (<39.2°C) and some improvement in hydration after treatment (p=0,31). However, group 2 had a better concentration of lymphocytes and TP concerning the other animals, as well as better performance. Besides, E.coli was detected in 100% of feces samples. Thus, the therapeutic protocols with sulfonamides used to treat bovine neonatal diarrhea were effective in the clinical improvement of the animals. Nonetheless, the protocol with systemic therapy using sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil) intramuscularly, provided better performance, with better weight gain, and body development of the animals.","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47301757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174301
C. Alonso, C. Castañeira, A. F. Bragulat, L. Losinno
Developing effective cooled semen protocols is essential to increase pregnancy rates and reproductive efficiency in donkeys. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on sperm kinetic parameters and membrane integrity in cooled donkey semen diluted with defined milk proteins extender with 1% or 2% of egg yolk and the removal of seminal plasma. Twenty-four ejaculates from six jackasses were collected. Each ejaculate was divided into four aliquots that were diluted in extender with 1% (EY1) or 2% (EY2) egg yolk. One sample from each group was centrifuged, seminal plasma was removed (CEY1, CEY2 groups, respectively), and the samples were then refrigerated at 5 °C for 24 h. Fresh and cooled semen samples were assessed for sperm motility, morphology, and plasma membrane integrity. Total motility, progressive motility, sperm kinetic parameters, or live sperm cells were not statistically different when semen was cooled with an extender supplemented with 1% or 2% of egg yolk. Seminal plasma removal does not affect total motility or sperm kinetic parameters. However, progressive motility decreased (P<0.05) when semen was extended with 2% of egg yolk and seminal plasma was removed. Membrane integrity was affected (P<0.05) in centrifuged samples. In conclusion, the obtained results suggest that there is no difference in sperm kinetics and membrane integrity when 1% or 2% of egg yolk was added to the Equiplus extender. Also, the removal of seminal plasma by centrifugation did not have any beneficial effect on cooled donkey semen. Further studies are needed to relate these results with in vivo fertility tests with cooled donkey semen.
{"title":"Effect of egg yolk-based extender and seminal plasma removal on sperm viability of cooled donkey semen","authors":"C. Alonso, C. Castañeira, A. F. Bragulat, L. Losinno","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174301","url":null,"abstract":"Developing effective cooled semen protocols is essential to increase pregnancy rates and reproductive efficiency in donkeys. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on sperm kinetic parameters and membrane integrity in cooled donkey semen diluted with defined milk proteins extender with 1% or 2% of egg yolk and the removal of seminal plasma. Twenty-four ejaculates from six jackasses were collected. Each ejaculate was divided into four aliquots that were diluted in extender with 1% (EY1) or 2% (EY2) egg yolk. One sample from each group was centrifuged, seminal plasma was removed (CEY1, CEY2 groups, respectively), and the samples were then refrigerated at 5 °C for 24 h. Fresh and cooled semen samples were assessed for sperm motility, morphology, and plasma membrane integrity. Total motility, progressive motility, sperm kinetic parameters, or live sperm cells were not statistically different when semen was cooled with an extender supplemented with 1% or 2% of egg yolk. Seminal plasma removal does not affect total motility or sperm kinetic parameters. However, progressive motility decreased (P<0.05) when semen was extended with 2% of egg yolk and seminal plasma was removed. Membrane integrity was affected (P<0.05) in centrifuged samples. In conclusion, the obtained results suggest that there is no difference in sperm kinetics and membrane integrity when 1% or 2% of egg yolk was added to the Equiplus extender. Also, the removal of seminal plasma by centrifugation did not have any beneficial effect on cooled donkey semen. Further studies are needed to relate these results with in vivo fertility tests with cooled donkey semen.","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48755159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-22DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174674
Lucas Santana da Fonseca, Aline Rocha Silva, F. A. M. L. Rodrigues, S. M. Sakamoto, V. D. F. Nunes, A. Zanella, C. A. A. Oliveira, P. B. Escodro
About 800 donkeys that were confined in a restrictive area used in a manner comparable to a warehouse for receiving donkeys for slaughter were abandoned. After receiving reports of mistreatment, civilians acted to save the animals. A task force was organized that planned veterinary and zootechnical actions and activities for daily health management, feeding, and clinical care to attend to the abandoned donkeys. Positive cases were diagnosed for glanders, equine infectious anemia, equine herpesvirus, and equine babesiosis. The objective of this communication is to bring to the attention of the scientific community the interventions in the area of animal health and welfare, to address the episode of northeast donkeys that were victims of international trade. It is fundamental to change the approach related to the management of donkeys in Brazil, and appeal to the necessity to identify ethical and sustainable ways to incorporate donkeys in Brazil in the 21st century.
{"title":"reality of the donkey’s exploitation for the hide trade in Brazil: disease outbreaks and animal welfare compromised in rescued donkeys","authors":"Lucas Santana da Fonseca, Aline Rocha Silva, F. A. M. L. Rodrigues, S. M. Sakamoto, V. D. F. Nunes, A. Zanella, C. A. A. Oliveira, P. B. Escodro","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174674","url":null,"abstract":"About 800 donkeys that were confined in a restrictive area used in a manner comparable to a warehouse for receiving donkeys for slaughter were abandoned. After receiving reports of mistreatment, civilians acted to save the animals. A task force was organized that planned veterinary and zootechnical actions and activities for daily health management, feeding, and clinical care to attend to the abandoned donkeys. Positive cases were diagnosed for glanders, equine infectious anemia, equine herpesvirus, and equine babesiosis. The objective of this communication is to bring to the attention of the scientific community the interventions in the area of animal health and welfare, to address the episode of northeast donkeys that were victims of international trade. It is fundamental to change the approach related to the management of donkeys in Brazil, and appeal to the necessity to identify ethical and sustainable ways to incorporate donkeys in Brazil in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44021273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-20DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174697
M. Gameiro, V. Rezende, A. Zanella
The international demand for donkeys has increased sharply in recent years, motivated by China’s growing interest in producing ejiao (a traditional medicine made from donkey skin) and, in a smaller proportion, donkey meat. Since the Chinese donkey population dropped by 75.4% in the past 25 years, the country has searched for supply in the international market, mainly in Africa and South America. Aiming to understand the participation of Brazil in this scenario, this paper presents and discusses official data on donkey slaughter and donkey meat and skin exports in Brazil from 2002 to 2019. After the recent news reports of donkey trade-related mistreatment in the Brazilian Northeast, the issue has attracted attention from public authorities, the media, and civil society, but it lacked a quantitative description that could give a tangible dimension to the situation. The interpretation of these data is made with the collaboration of qualitative research methods, emphasizing some aspects of human-animal relations.
{"title":"Brazilian donkey slaughter and exports from 2002 to 2019","authors":"M. Gameiro, V. Rezende, A. Zanella","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.174697","url":null,"abstract":"The international demand for donkeys has increased sharply in recent years, motivated by China’s growing interest in producing ejiao (a traditional medicine made from donkey skin) and, in a smaller proportion, donkey meat. Since the Chinese donkey population dropped by 75.4% in the past 25 years, the country has searched for supply in the international market, mainly in Africa and South America. Aiming to understand the participation of Brazil in this scenario, this paper presents and discusses official data on donkey slaughter and donkey meat and skin exports in Brazil from 2002 to 2019. After the recent news reports of donkey trade-related mistreatment in the Brazilian Northeast, the issue has attracted attention from public authorities, the media, and civil society, but it lacked a quantitative description that could give a tangible dimension to the situation. The interpretation of these data is made with the collaboration of qualitative research methods, emphasizing some aspects of human-animal relations.","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41484803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.175850
Aryele Nunes da Cruz Encide Sampaio, Bruna Godoi Castro, F. Raghiante, Felipe Chaimsohn Gonçalves da Silva, Everton Cruz de Azevedo, J. Oliveira, Marise Santiago Velame, Lorena Natalino Haber Garcia, J. P. A. N. Pinto, E. Baldini, F. S. Possebon, G. Biondi, J. G. Pereira, O. A. Martins
Pattern minas cheese is a product developed with pasteurized milk, fermented with mesophilic cultures, and with the final addition of rennet. This cheese undergoes an artisanal maturation process and possesses a firm shell of yellowish color and striking and acidic flavor. Our study objective was to evaluate the microbiological quality of pattern minas cheese. We collected 40 samples from two micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas) of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesor regions of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The microbiological test results were recorded as counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. In the Patos de Minas micro region, the results were 45%, 35%, 20%, and 20% higher than 103 CFU/g for the counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, and Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, respectively. Five percent of the analyzed samples were positive for Salmonella spp. in the Uberlândia micro region. Based on the findings of the microbiota in the cheese analyzed from the micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas), we concluded that the hygiene conditions in the manufacturing, handling, transport, and storage stages were precarious, requiring the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) systems, including Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP).
Pattern minas奶酪是用巴氏灭菌牛奶开发的产品，用中温培养物发酵，最后加入凝乳酶。这种奶酪经过手工成熟过程，外壳坚硬，呈淡黄色，具有强烈的酸性风味。我们的研究目的是评估模式米纳斯奶酪的微生物质量。我们从巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州的Triângulo Mineiro和Alto Paranaíba中间层区域的两个微观区域（Uberlândia和Patos de Minas）收集了40个样本。微生物检测结果记录为肠杆菌、大肠杆菌、35°C下的大肠菌群、凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌。在Patos de Minas微区，肠杆菌、35℃下的大肠杆菌和凝固酶葡萄球菌阳性的结果分别比103 CFU/g高45%、35%、20%和20%。在乌伯兰迪亚微区，5%的分析样本中沙门氏菌呈阳性。根据从微观区域（Uberlândia和Patos de Minas）分析奶酪中微生物群的结果，我们得出结论，生产、处理、运输和储存阶段的卫生条件不稳定，需要实施良好生产规范（GMP）系统，包括危害分析和关键控制点（HACCP）。
{"title":"Assessment of the microbiological quality of pattern minas cheese commercialized in Uberlândia and Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais","authors":"Aryele Nunes da Cruz Encide Sampaio, Bruna Godoi Castro, F. Raghiante, Felipe Chaimsohn Gonçalves da Silva, Everton Cruz de Azevedo, J. Oliveira, Marise Santiago Velame, Lorena Natalino Haber Garcia, J. P. A. N. Pinto, E. Baldini, F. S. Possebon, G. Biondi, J. G. Pereira, O. A. Martins","doi":"10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.175850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/ISSN.1678-4456.BJVRAS.2021.175850","url":null,"abstract":"Pattern minas cheese is a product developed with pasteurized milk, fermented with mesophilic cultures, and with the final addition of rennet. This cheese undergoes an artisanal maturation process and possesses a firm shell of yellowish color and striking and acidic flavor. Our study objective was to evaluate the microbiological quality of pattern minas cheese. We collected 40 samples from two micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas) of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesor regions of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The microbiological test results were recorded as counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. In the Patos de Minas micro region, the results were 45%, 35%, 20%, and 20% higher than 103 CFU/g for the counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, and Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, respectively. Five percent of the analyzed samples were positive for Salmonella spp. in the Uberlândia micro region. Based on the findings of the microbiota in the cheese analyzed from the micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas), we concluded that the hygiene conditions in the manufacturing, handling, transport, and storage stages were precarious, requiring the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) systems, including Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP).","PeriodicalId":9119,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"e175850"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42755188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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