Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/33416
Raheel Muzzammel, Umair Tahir
Energy saving and different working voltage applications are widely employing matrix converters. Matrix converters are used to convert three phase AC input voltages to three phase AC output voltages of required magnitude and frequency. Pulse width modulation is a technique used for converting three phase AC input to three phase AC output. In this research paper, pulse width modulation based matrix converter will be designed to acquire voltage of desired magnitude and frequency. Voltage transfer ratio will be maximized in this technique so that any desired voltage magnitude could be achieved. Secondly, harmonics will be made reduced in this design. Simulations will be performed in Matlab and characteristics of output waveform will be observed with respect to characteristics of input waveforms.
{"title":"Maximization of Transfer Ratio and Minimization of Harmonics in Three Phase AC/AC Matrix Converter","authors":"Raheel Muzzammel, Umair Tahir","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/33416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33416","url":null,"abstract":"Energy saving and different working voltage applications are widely employing matrix converters. Matrix converters are used to convert three phase AC input voltages to three phase AC output voltages of required magnitude and frequency. Pulse width modulation is a technique used for converting three phase AC input to three phase AC output. In this research paper, pulse width modulation based matrix converter will be designed to acquire voltage of desired magnitude and frequency. Voltage transfer ratio will be maximized in this technique so that any desired voltage magnitude could be achieved. Secondly, harmonics will be made reduced in this design. Simulations will be performed in Matlab and characteristics of output waveform will be observed with respect to characteristics of input waveforms.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49145716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31893
Moses Omolayo Petinrin, Vincent A. Onoja
The lift and drag coefficient plots for any airfoil provides a means for measuring its aerodynamic characteristics. These are very useful in deciding if a particular airfoil is appropriate for any particular application area. This study computationally predicts how the lift coefficient, drag coefficient and drag polar derived for the aerodynamic flow over the NACA 4412 airfoil vary with angles of attack. The effect of varying Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics was also investigated. The finite-volume based computational fluid dynamics code; ANSYS Fluent was used to solve the continuity equation, the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation and the turbulence transport equations governing the flow. For the range of Reynolds number considered, flow was taken as incompressible, steady and two-dimensional. Simulations were run for angles of attack ranging from -10° to 18° with an interval of 2° and for a Reynolds number range of 1.0 x 10 6 to 13.0 x 10 6 . Results at a given Reynolds number revealed a steady variation between lift coefficient and angle of attack within the pre-stall region and a gradually increasing curve for the drag coefficients. A constant stalling angle at 14° w ith gradually increasing value for the maximum lift coefficient was recorded as the Reynolds number increased. The drag polar was also found to be constant at 6° for all the ranges of R eynolds number. The results obtained showed that numerically solving for flow problems is a valid approach for obtaining the aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil since the results were compared with data from wind tunnel tests.
{"title":"Computational Study of Aerodynamic Flow over NACA 4412 Airfoil","authors":"Moses Omolayo Petinrin, Vincent A. Onoja","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31893","url":null,"abstract":"The lift and drag coefficient plots for any airfoil provides a means for measuring its aerodynamic characteristics. These are very useful in deciding if a particular airfoil is appropriate for any particular application area. This study computationally predicts how the lift coefficient, drag coefficient and drag polar derived for the aerodynamic flow over the NACA 4412 airfoil vary with angles of attack. The effect of varying Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics was also investigated. The finite-volume based computational fluid dynamics code; ANSYS Fluent was used to solve the continuity equation, the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation and the turbulence transport equations governing the flow. For the range of Reynolds number considered, flow was taken as incompressible, steady and two-dimensional. Simulations were run for angles of attack ranging from -10° to 18° with an interval of 2° and for a Reynolds number range of 1.0 x 10 6 to 13.0 x 10 6 . Results at a given Reynolds number revealed a steady variation between lift coefficient and angle of attack within the pre-stall region and a gradually increasing curve for the drag coefficients. A constant stalling angle at 14° w ith gradually increasing value for the maximum lift coefficient was recorded as the Reynolds number increased. The drag polar was also found to be constant at 6° for all the ranges of R eynolds number. The results obtained showed that numerically solving for flow problems is a valid approach for obtaining the aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil since the results were compared with data from wind tunnel tests.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48765887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/33502
S. Mali, B. Das, J. S. Choudhary, An Singh, B. Bhatt
Characterization of spatial variability and temporal trends in precipitation in a changing climate is vital to assess climate-induced changes to support adequate agricultural planning and water resources management strategies for the future. In this context, spatial and temporal variability in the precipitation over Jharkhand state in Eastern plateau and hill region is investigated. Spatial distribution of precipitation was mapped using ‘ordinary kriging’ geostatistical interpolation technique. A comprehensive precipitation trend and periodic analysis at the monthly and seasonal scale on a 40 year data series (1975-2014) for 18 locations in Jharkhand are presented using MannKendall and Sen’s slope methods. The seasonal and annual precipitation showed large spatial variability across the Jharkhand. Although, the spatial distribution of monsoon and annual precipitation are roughly similar, annual precipitation varied considerably in space due to the variations induced by pre-monsoon and winter precipitation. The statistical analysis revealed predominantly decreasing trends, both at the annual and seasonal scale. July precipitation showed significantly decreasing trend (-3.17 to -6.21 mm/year) in large number of districts (15), while the Original Research Article Mali et al.; BJAST, 20(6): 1-17, 2017; Article no.BJAST.33502 2 trend in May and other ‘monsoon’ months was not significant. Over the reference period, the negative trends in monsoon, winter and annual precipitation were significant for 61, 67 and 50% of the total districts analyzed with rate of decrease for monsoon and annual precipitation in the range of -5.3 to -13.0 and -5.3 to -15.9 mm/year, respectively. In view of the rainfall dependence of the agriculture in the state and decreasing trends of precipitation, the information presented in this paper can supports further climate change risk assessment and vulnerability adaptation planning.
{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Trends of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Precipitation in Districts of Jharkhand in India","authors":"S. Mali, B. Das, J. S. Choudhary, An Singh, B. Bhatt","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/33502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33502","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of spatial variability and temporal trends in precipitation in a changing climate is vital to assess climate-induced changes to support adequate agricultural planning and water resources management strategies for the future. In this context, spatial and temporal variability in the precipitation over Jharkhand state in Eastern plateau and hill region is investigated. Spatial distribution of precipitation was mapped using ‘ordinary kriging’ geostatistical interpolation technique. A comprehensive precipitation trend and periodic analysis at the monthly and seasonal scale on a 40 year data series (1975-2014) for 18 locations in Jharkhand are presented using MannKendall and Sen’s slope methods. The seasonal and annual precipitation showed large spatial variability across the Jharkhand. Although, the spatial distribution of monsoon and annual precipitation are roughly similar, annual precipitation varied considerably in space due to the variations induced by pre-monsoon and winter precipitation. The statistical analysis revealed predominantly decreasing trends, both at the annual and seasonal scale. July precipitation showed significantly decreasing trend (-3.17 to -6.21 mm/year) in large number of districts (15), while the Original Research Article Mali et al.; BJAST, 20(6): 1-17, 2017; Article no.BJAST.33502 2 trend in May and other ‘monsoon’ months was not significant. Over the reference period, the negative trends in monsoon, winter and annual precipitation were significant for 61, 67 and 50% of the total districts analyzed with rate of decrease for monsoon and annual precipitation in the range of -5.3 to -13.0 and -5.3 to -15.9 mm/year, respectively. In view of the rainfall dependence of the agriculture in the state and decreasing trends of precipitation, the information presented in this paper can supports further climate change risk assessment and vulnerability adaptation planning.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71185881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31798
K. Mamta, R. Singh
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is of great concern in the present time of modern electronic systems. EMI measurement requires using a sensor to receive the radiation from the equipment in a suitable test environment. Antenna Factor decides the performance of the sensor. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) numerical method has been used to predict the performance of antenna used as EMI sensor.
{"title":"Analysis of Reconfigurable Polarization Antenna as an EMI Sensor","authors":"K. Mamta, R. Singh","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31798","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is of great concern in the present time of modern electronic systems. EMI measurement requires using a sensor to receive the radiation from the equipment in a suitable test environment. Antenna Factor decides the performance of the sensor. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) numerical method has been used to predict the performance of antenna used as EMI sensor.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44602210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32889
Y. Meena, D. Khurana, N. Kaur, Kulbir Singh
performed the experiment, statistical analysis, the protocol the first the DSK, NK and KS designed and managed the analyses of the study. the ABSTRACT Low temperature stress their effect on morphological, yield and quality traits. Based on two year study, its observed that low temperature significantly reduces the growth traits (plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, shoot and root length, and total biomass of plant), yield attributes (days to 50% flowering, fruit weight and fruit yield) and quality parameter (total soluble solid), however there was an increase in titrable acidity and ascorbic acid. On the hand, application of phenolic compounds significantly enhanced the growth, yield and TSS, while, decreased titrable acidity and ascorbic acid under stress. Two years study has confirmed that phenolic compounds protect plants against low temperature stress and enhanced production of tomato with an increase in the yield and quality contributions attributes. Among the treatments, SA (1.0 mM) was found as most effective to enhance low temperature stress tolerance in tomato.
{"title":"Phenolic Compounds Enhanced Low Temperature Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Y. Meena, D. Khurana, N. Kaur, Kulbir Singh","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32889","url":null,"abstract":"performed the experiment, statistical analysis, the protocol the first the DSK, NK and KS designed and managed the analyses of the study. the ABSTRACT Low temperature stress their effect on morphological, yield and quality traits. Based on two year study, its observed that low temperature significantly reduces the growth traits (plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, shoot and root length, and total biomass of plant), yield attributes (days to 50% flowering, fruit weight and fruit yield) and quality parameter (total soluble solid), however there was an increase in titrable acidity and ascorbic acid. On the hand, application of phenolic compounds significantly enhanced the growth, yield and TSS, while, decreased titrable acidity and ascorbic acid under stress. Two years study has confirmed that phenolic compounds protect plants against low temperature stress and enhanced production of tomato with an increase in the yield and quality contributions attributes. Among the treatments, SA (1.0 mM) was found as most effective to enhance low temperature stress tolerance in tomato.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48372181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32558
A. Iyagba, C. Ekpete
study, the statistical analysis, the protocol, the of the and the literature searches. field work managed the analyses of the study. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the perception and practice of Organic Farming (OF) by secondary school Agricultural Science teachers in Ahoada East Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive design with a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Ten out
{"title":"Perception and Practice of Organic Farming among Secondary School Teachers in Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Iyagba, C. Ekpete","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32558","url":null,"abstract":"study, the statistical analysis, the protocol, the of the and the literature searches. field work managed the analyses of the study. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the perception and practice of Organic Farming (OF) by secondary school Agricultural Science teachers in Ahoada East Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive design with a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Ten out","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48248347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32126
I. Agbozu, A. V. Bayowa, O. Oghama
This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author IEA designed and supervised the study and wrote the protocol. Author AVB carried out and managed the analyses of the study. Authors IEA and AVB managed the literature searches while author OEO performed the statistical analyses. Authors IEA and OEO wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT This study was carried out to analyze the ring size distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marshy soils and sediment samples in Warri City, Southern Nigeria. The samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons from four locations within Warri and a control location in Agbarho, 20km away. Levels of 16 priority PAHs listed in United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were determined using Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization detector (GC-FID). This study was carried from January to March and June to August, representing the dry and wet seasons respectively. It was observed that PAHs concentration was generally higher in dry than rainy seasons for soil and sediment samples. Furthermore, ring size analysis revealed that for soils, two to three-ringed as well as four-ringed PAHs were more predominant in Ugboroke location, five-ringed PAHs in Okotie and six-ringed PAHs in Ogunu location. Overall, five-ringed PAHs were more predominant in Okotie location in the dry season. However, for sediments, two to three-ringed as well as four-ringed PAHs were more predominant in Okotie location, five-ringed PAHs in Ogunu and six-ringed PAHs in Ugboroke location. Overall, two to three-ringed PAHs were more predominant in Okotie location in the dry season for sediment samples.
{"title":"Critical Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Ring Size Distribution in Marshy Soils and Sediments in Warri City and Its Environs, Southern Nigeria","authors":"I. Agbozu, A. V. Bayowa, O. Oghama","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32126","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author IEA designed and supervised the study and wrote the protocol. Author AVB carried out and managed the analyses of the study. Authors IEA and AVB managed the literature searches while author OEO performed the statistical analyses. Authors IEA and OEO wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT This study was carried out to analyze the ring size distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marshy soils and sediment samples in Warri City, Southern Nigeria. The samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons from four locations within Warri and a control location in Agbarho, 20km away. Levels of 16 priority PAHs listed in United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were determined using Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization detector (GC-FID). This study was carried from January to March and June to August, representing the dry and wet seasons respectively. It was observed that PAHs concentration was generally higher in dry than rainy seasons for soil and sediment samples. Furthermore, ring size analysis revealed that for soils, two to three-ringed as well as four-ringed PAHs were more predominant in Ugboroke location, five-ringed PAHs in Okotie and six-ringed PAHs in Ogunu location. Overall, five-ringed PAHs were more predominant in Okotie location in the dry season. However, for sediments, two to three-ringed as well as four-ringed PAHs were more predominant in Okotie location, five-ringed PAHs in Ogunu and six-ringed PAHs in Ugboroke location. Overall, two to three-ringed PAHs were more predominant in Okotie location in the dry season for sediment samples.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43704441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/28160
G. Ogundele, S. Salawu, I. Abdulraheem, O. Bamidele
This study was conducted to examine the
这项研究是为了检验
{"title":"Nutritional Composition of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Grown on Softwood (Daniella oliveri) Sawdust and Hardwood (Anogeissus leiocarpus) Sawdust","authors":"G. Ogundele, S. Salawu, I. Abdulraheem, O. Bamidele","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/28160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/28160","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45994827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/33326
Hossain, Islam
The dramatic development of
的戏剧性发展
{"title":"A New Approach of Content Based Image Retrieval Using Color and Texture Features","authors":"Hossain, Islam","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/33326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33326","url":null,"abstract":"The dramatic development of","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43107198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31336
Lovell Agwaramgbo, Simone Zulpo, S. Lira
Adsorption process has been proven to be one of the best water treatment technologies globally and activated carbon is undoubtedly considered a universal adsorbent for the removal of a variety of pollutants from water. However, widespread use of commercial activated carbon is often times restricted due to its higher costs. Attempts have been made to develop inexpensive adsorbents utilizing numerous agro-industrial and municipal waste materials. Use of waste materials as low-cost adsorbents is attractive due to their contribution in the reduction of costs or waste disposal, therefore, contributing to environmental protection. In this article was investigated the adsorption behavior of coffee waste when exposed to both single and binary metal component solutions under varying initial concentrations (1000, 500, and 250 ppm) and contact time (3 and 24 hrs.) It is evident from the literature that various low-cost adsorbents have shown good potential for the removal of various pollutants. However, there are few issues and drawbacks on the use of low-cost adsorbents in water treatment that have been discussed in this paper. Additionally, more research is needed to find the practical utility of low-cost adsorbents such as waste coffee on a commercial scale. After the exposure times, the residual concentrations of each heavy metal was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), using EPA Method 6010. Results suggest that the percentage of adsorption of Cu and Zn decreases as the initial metal concentration increases. The coffee waste also has a higher affinity for Cu than Zn ion. The percentages for metal ion removal from the single metal solution are 250 ppm (73.47%), 500 ppm (46.45%), 1000 ppm (27.69%) for copper and 250 ppm (55.08%), 500 ppm (32.78%), and 1000 ppm (21.22%) for zinc. For the competitive metal removal from the binary Cu-Zn solutions, the percentages are 125 ppm (85.67%), 250 ppm (68.93%), and 500 ppm (46.62%) for copper and 125 ppm (49.67%), 250 ppm (7.73%), and 500 ppm (4.59%) for zinc, respectively.
{"title":"Competitive Adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from Binary Heavy Metal Solutions by Coffee Waste","authors":"Lovell Agwaramgbo, Simone Zulpo, S. Lira","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31336","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption process has been proven to be one of the best water treatment technologies globally and activated carbon is undoubtedly considered a universal adsorbent for the removal of a variety of pollutants from water. However, widespread use of commercial activated carbon is often times restricted due to its higher costs. Attempts have been made to develop inexpensive adsorbents utilizing numerous agro-industrial and municipal waste materials. Use of waste materials as low-cost adsorbents is attractive due to their contribution in the reduction of costs or waste disposal, therefore, contributing to environmental protection. In this article was investigated the adsorption behavior of coffee waste when exposed to both single and binary metal component solutions under varying initial concentrations (1000, 500, and 250 ppm) and contact time (3 and 24 hrs.) It is evident from the literature that various low-cost adsorbents have shown good potential for the removal of various pollutants. However, there are few issues and drawbacks on the use of low-cost adsorbents in water treatment that have been discussed in this paper. Additionally, more research is needed to find the practical utility of low-cost adsorbents such as waste coffee on a commercial scale. After the exposure times, the residual concentrations of each heavy metal was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), using EPA Method 6010. Results suggest that the percentage of adsorption of Cu and Zn decreases as the initial metal concentration increases. The coffee waste also has a higher affinity for Cu than Zn ion. The percentages for metal ion removal from the single metal solution are 250 ppm (73.47%), 500 ppm (46.45%), 1000 ppm (27.69%) for copper and 250 ppm (55.08%), 500 ppm (32.78%), and 1000 ppm (21.22%) for zinc. For the competitive metal removal from the binary Cu-Zn solutions, the percentages are 125 ppm (85.67%), 250 ppm (68.93%), and 500 ppm (46.62%) for copper and 125 ppm (49.67%), 250 ppm (7.73%), and 500 ppm (4.59%) for zinc, respectively.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42762228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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