Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020356
M. O. Romào, W. C. R. Junior, Wagner Corsini, L. Moraes, G. Fernandes, Denismar Alve Nogueira, A. Esteves
Forensic anthropology is a branch of forensic sciences that deals with research and aims to determine the identity of an individual by means of the origin of remains, general patterns of identification and individualizing characteristics. Currently, as Brazil has a significant percentage of homicides, serious accidents and natural disasters, it is necessary to use more precise anthropometric techniques to search for victim identification. Therefore, this study proposes to measure human hip bones using bone anthropometry technique, more specifically pelvimetry in order to determine standard measures for this bone for people of the south region of Minas Gerais. The measures obtained were as follows: VDA data was 49.74 ± 3.49 for right hip bone (RHB) and 51.06 for left hip bone (LHB). GSND data was 33.18 ± 3.08 for RHB and 32.96 ± 3.35 for LHB. Regarding CGSN measure, the values were 81.23 ± 6.74 for RHB and 82.87 ± 6.77 for LHB. DASIS results were 114.1 ± 6.62 for RHB and 112.4 ± 5.90 for LHB. OFD measures were 45.95 ± 4.21 for RHB and 47 ± 3.98 for LHB while OFL data were 31.34 ± 3.56 for RHB 30.42 ± 2.82 for LHB. From the results above, one could conclude that there were significant differences in the measure of the hip bone when compared with data Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 9(3):356-365 (2020) 357 M. O. Romão et al. published for other ethnic groups. It is suggested that such differences may be related to the multiple genetic miscegenation that occurred in this region of Brazil during 500 years or more after colonization.
法医人类学是法医科学的一个分支，它涉及研究，旨在通过遗骸的来源、鉴定的一般模式和个性化特征来确定个人的身份。目前，由于巴西的凶杀案，严重事故和自然灾害的比例显著，有必要使用更精确的人体测量技术来寻找受害者的身份。因此，本研究建议使用骨人体测量技术来测量人类髋骨，更具体地说是骨盆测量，以确定米纳斯吉拉斯州南部地区人们髋骨的标准尺寸。测量结果如下:右髋骨(RHB)的VDA值为49.74±3.49，左髋骨(LHB)的VDA值为51.06。RHB组GSND为33.18±3.08,LHB组为32.96±3.35。在CGSN测量中，RHB为81.23±6.74,LHB为82.87±6.77。DASIS结果RHB为114.1±6.62,LHB为112.4±5.90。RHB的OFD值为45.95±4.21,LHB为47±3.98;RHB的OFL值为31.34±3.56,LHB为30.42±2.82。从上述结果可以得出结论，与巴西法医学，医学法律和生物伦理学杂志9(3):356-365 (2020)357 M. O. rom等人发表的其他种族群体的数据相比，髋骨的测量存在显着差异。有人认为，这种差异可能与巴西这一地区在殖民后500年或更长时间内发生的多重遗传混种有关。
{"title":"Anthropometric Study of Human Hip Bones of Southern Brazilians by Rabbi Method","authors":"M. O. Romào, W. C. R. Junior, Wagner Corsini, L. Moraes, G. Fernandes, Denismar Alve Nogueira, A. Esteves","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020356","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic anthropology is a branch of forensic sciences that deals with research and aims to determine the identity of an individual by means of the origin of remains, general patterns of identification and individualizing characteristics. Currently, as Brazil has a significant percentage of homicides, serious accidents and natural disasters, it is necessary to use more precise anthropometric techniques to search for victim identification. Therefore, this study proposes to measure human hip bones using bone anthropometry technique, more specifically pelvimetry in order to determine standard measures for this bone for people of the south region of Minas Gerais. The measures obtained were as follows: VDA data was 49.74 ± 3.49 for right hip bone (RHB) and 51.06 for left hip bone (LHB). GSND data was 33.18 ± 3.08 for RHB and 32.96 ± 3.35 for LHB. Regarding CGSN measure, the values were 81.23 ± 6.74 for RHB and 82.87 ± 6.77 for LHB. DASIS results were 114.1 ± 6.62 for RHB and 112.4 ± 5.90 for LHB. OFD measures were 45.95 ± 4.21 for RHB and 47 ± 3.98 for LHB while OFL data were 31.34 ± 3.56 for RHB 30.42 ± 2.82 for LHB. From the results above, one could conclude that there were significant differences in the measure of the hip bone when compared with data Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 9(3):356-365 (2020) 357 M. O. Romão et al. published for other ethnic groups. It is suggested that such differences may be related to the multiple genetic miscegenation that occurred in this region of Brazil during 500 years or more after colonization.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"17 1","pages":"356-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82039651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020321-330
R. Joaquim
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os indicadores não verbais das emoções secundárias culpa, vergonha e nojo revelados nas últimas décadas pela ciência psicológica. Um sinal não verbal pode incluir itens como expressões faciais, posições da cabeça, e comportamentos auto direcionados. Emoções secundárias como culpa, vergonha e orgulho e seus descritos sinais não verbais podem configurar importante fonte de informação em contextos investigativos que envolvam análise de oitivas em depoimentos judiciais fornecendo subsídios para tomada de decisão estratégica e do manejo do processo de investigação de depoimentos. Este artigo traz uma revisão narrativa que descreve três emoções secundárias e seus respectivos indicadores não verbais. Os indicadores não verbais de emoções secundárias em pauta são apresentados de acordo com a conceituação do sistema de codificação da ação facial (FACS) e de recomendações técnicas recomendadas por achados de pesquisa. Culpa, vergonha e orgulho apresentam indicadores não verbais objetivos e distintos de expressividade.
{"title":"Indicadores Não Verbais de Emoções Secundárias: Identificando Culpa Vergonha e Orgulho","authors":"R. Joaquim","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020321-330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020321-330","url":null,"abstract":"O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os indicadores não verbais das emoções secundárias culpa, vergonha e nojo revelados nas últimas décadas pela ciência psicológica. Um sinal não verbal pode incluir itens como expressões faciais, posições da cabeça, e comportamentos auto direcionados. Emoções secundárias como culpa, vergonha e orgulho e seus descritos sinais não verbais podem configurar importante fonte de informação em contextos investigativos que envolvam análise de oitivas em depoimentos judiciais fornecendo subsídios para tomada de decisão estratégica e do manejo do processo de investigação de depoimentos. Este artigo traz uma revisão narrativa que descreve três emoções secundárias e seus respectivos indicadores não verbais. Os indicadores não verbais de emoções secundárias em pauta são apresentados de acordo com a conceituação do sistema de codificação da ação facial (FACS) e de recomendações técnicas recomendadas por achados de pesquisa. Culpa, vergonha e orgulho apresentam indicadores não verbais objetivos e distintos de expressividade.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84506039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020366
M. Sharma, D. Sharma
Crime scene reconstruction is the process of determining or eliminating the events that occurred at the crime scene by analysis of physical evidences. In one case, a lady left the house receiving a call on her cell phone. Since she did not return home till late evening, the husband and her children made search but could not trace out. Subsequently, a missing report was lodged in the local police station. At night, on the same day, the dead body of the missing lady was found lying in a bathroom of a Hotel along with a male dead body. The investigative and forensic team visited the undisturbed crime spot. Scrutiny of forensic evidence, crime scene dynamics, victimology and autopsy study could establish the case to be murder and suicide. At crime scene, on the basis of our observations the two cases were registered under murder and suicide IPC sections. The male murdered the lady in the bathroom and committed suicide near the dead body of the lady. This involved scientific crime scene investigation, interpretation of patterned evidence at the scene, laboratory testing of the physical evidence, systematic study of related case information, and the logical formulation of a theory gives the proper directions to the Investigating officer (IO). In this article, we have reported an interesting case for forensic aspect. The IO, was in this impression, it might murder. Our team, reveals the truth and case was solved at scene of crime.
{"title":"Murder Mystery Solved with the Help of Forensic Investigation","authors":"M. Sharma, D. Sharma","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020366","url":null,"abstract":"Crime scene reconstruction is the process of determining or eliminating the events that occurred at the crime scene by analysis of physical evidences. In one case, a lady left the house receiving a call on her cell phone. Since she did not return home till late evening, the husband and her children made search but could not trace out. Subsequently, a missing report was lodged in the local police station. At night, on the same day, the dead body of the missing lady was found lying in a bathroom of a Hotel along with a male dead body. The investigative and forensic team visited the undisturbed crime spot. Scrutiny of forensic evidence, crime scene dynamics, victimology and autopsy study could establish the case to be murder and suicide. At crime scene, on the basis of our observations the two cases were registered under murder and suicide IPC sections. The male murdered the lady in the bathroom and committed suicide near the dead body of the lady. This involved scientific crime scene investigation, interpretation of patterned evidence at the scene, laboratory testing of the physical evidence, systematic study of related case information, and the logical formulation of a theory gives the proper directions to the Investigating officer (IO). In this article, we have reported an interesting case for forensic aspect. The IO, was in this impression, it might murder. Our team, reveals the truth and case was solved at scene of crime.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":"366-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90743030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020331
R. Gorziza, Carina Maria Bello de Carvalho, Marina González, R. S. Ortiz, G. Helfer, M. Ferrão, R. Limberger
In Forensic Documentoscopy, it is frequently questioned if a particular document was written with one or more pens. Different methods have been developed to distinguish pen inks from each other, but some of these techniques require the ink extraction, destructing the document, and other techniques uses high cost instruments. PhotoMetrix PRO®, an app for mobile devices, is a qualitative and colorimetric analysis tool that applies uni- and multivariate analysis. Amongst them, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) can be obtained from digital images’ decomposing data. It is a non-destructive and a simple method, of easily use and low cost. Chemometric knowledge is important for results interpretation. This study aims to evaluate the PhotoMetrix PRO® capacity on blue ballpoint pens differentiation. Three experiments were performed with different ballpoint pens, including colorful pens as an app functionality control. The results showed appropriate differentiation between colorful ballpoint pens, and there was a satisfactory tendency of separation for different brands of blue ballpoint pens, most used in Brazil. This method is interesting to confirm subjective results, eliminating visual differences, intrinsic for each observer, which can be useful in places with an instrument deficiency, like the Video Spectral Comparator®. New studies to evaluate writing pressure’s influence on data collection and the inks’ age, as well as different mobile’s camera quality, are recommended. This study introduces a new technology that might be further studied for practical application in Forensic Documentoscopy and other Forensic areas.
{"title":"Blue Ballpoint Pen Inks Differentiation using Multivariate Image Analysis of Digital Images Captured with PhotoMetrix PRO®","authors":"R. Gorziza, Carina Maria Bello de Carvalho, Marina González, R. S. Ortiz, G. Helfer, M. Ferrão, R. Limberger","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020331","url":null,"abstract":"In Forensic Documentoscopy, it is frequently questioned if a particular document was written with one or more pens. Different methods have been developed to distinguish pen inks from each other, but some of these techniques require the ink extraction, destructing the document, and other techniques uses high cost instruments. PhotoMetrix PRO®, an app for mobile devices, is a qualitative and colorimetric analysis tool that applies uni- and multivariate analysis. Amongst them, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) can be obtained from digital images’ decomposing data. It is a non-destructive and a simple method, of easily use and low cost. Chemometric knowledge is important for results interpretation. This study aims to evaluate the PhotoMetrix PRO® capacity on blue ballpoint pens differentiation. Three experiments were performed with different ballpoint pens, including colorful pens as an app functionality control. The results showed appropriate differentiation between colorful ballpoint pens, and there was a satisfactory tendency of separation for different brands of blue ballpoint pens, most used in Brazil. This method is interesting to confirm subjective results, eliminating visual differences, intrinsic for each observer, which can be useful in places with an instrument deficiency, like the Video Spectral Comparator®. New studies to evaluate writing pressure’s influence on data collection and the inks’ age, as well as different mobile’s camera quality, are recommended. This study introduces a new technology that might be further studied for practical application in Forensic Documentoscopy and other Forensic areas.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"30 1","pages":"331-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84678297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020308
A. Esteves, W. C. R. Junior, Wagner Corsini, F. D. Guerra, P. Marques, Luis Henrique Rapucci Moraes, D. Nogueira, Isabela Ferreira Corrêa
This study aims to estimate the main measures in long bones of Southern Brazilians adults, and to compare them with those of other ethnicities already cataloged in literature. The measurements were made with an anthropometric ruler and a digital caliper, according to a specific protocol. For this, being the humerus, radius, ulna, femur and tibia (50 specimes of each bone) in which some parameters were measured that allow comparing with existing data in literature. The data shown the mean (cm) and the standard deviation of long bone measured. Femurs are: ML = 46.41 ± 2.35, EW = 7.84 ± 0.57 and HD = 4.43 ± 0.47; Humerus: ML = 33.52 ± 1.45, EW = 6.04 ± 0.39, HD = 4.48 ± 0.24; radios: ML = 26.24 ± 1.51 and APD = 1.58 ± 0.14; ulna: ML = 27.9 ± 1.41 and APD = 1.67 ± 0.10; and tibias: ML = 38.76 ± 2.21, DEW = 5.03 ± 0.38 and DAP = 4.99 ± 0.38. According to results obtained in this study, it is possible to conclude that the values used by forensic anthropology for identification of Southern Brazilian long bones, such as humerus, radius, ulna and tibia, with exception of femurs, do not in fact represent any values already established for some ethnic groups, since the Brazilians presented their own pattern, which was different from the European standard already classified.
{"title":"Measurement of Long Bones of Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil: Anthropometric Study","authors":"A. Esteves, W. C. R. Junior, Wagner Corsini, F. D. Guerra, P. Marques, Luis Henrique Rapucci Moraes, D. Nogueira, Isabela Ferreira Corrêa","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020308","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to estimate the main measures in long bones of Southern Brazilians adults, and to compare them with those of other ethnicities already cataloged in literature. The measurements were made with an anthropometric ruler and a digital caliper, according to a specific protocol. For this, being the humerus, radius, ulna, femur and tibia (50 specimes of each bone) in which some parameters were measured that allow comparing with existing data in literature. The data shown the mean (cm) and the standard deviation of long bone measured. Femurs are: ML = 46.41 ± 2.35, EW = 7.84 ± 0.57 and HD = 4.43 ± 0.47; Humerus: ML = 33.52 ± 1.45, EW = 6.04 ± 0.39, HD = 4.48 ± 0.24; radios: ML = 26.24 ± 1.51 and APD = 1.58 ± 0.14; ulna: ML = 27.9 ± 1.41 and APD = 1.67 ± 0.10; and tibias: ML = 38.76 ± 2.21, DEW = 5.03 ± 0.38 and DAP = 4.99 ± 0.38. According to results obtained in this study, it is possible to conclude that the values used by forensic anthropology for identification of Southern Brazilian long bones, such as humerus, radius, ulna and tibia, with exception of femurs, do not in fact represent any values already established for some ethnic groups, since the Brazilians presented their own pattern, which was different from the European standard already classified.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"31 1","pages":"308-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86088216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020245
M. G. Pereira, M. V. Souza
The definition and identification of the main characteristics and traits of psychopathic individuals has been the subject of different areas of study for several decades. In the forensic scope, the psychopathy is a term quite discussed, being strongly related to criminality. In the treatment context, the growing use of cognitive-behavioral strategies has been reported in the literature, which has presented several results. To evaluate the main cognitive and behavioral strategies employed in the treatment of psychopathy based on the results of empirical studies, considering the evidences of efficacy. The databases Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs and the CAPES Periodical portal were consulted. Inclusion criteria: 1) original empirical article; 2) sample of individuals diagnosed with psychopathy or presenting with psychopathic traits or characteristics; 3) use cognitive and behavioral strategies; 4) published between 2014 and 2019. Have been identified 848 articles that, after inclusion of the filters, reading the titles and abstracts, 23 essays were screened. Subsequently, considering the inclusion criteria, seven articles were included in the analysis. Behavioral and cognitive interventions presented different results. However, regardless of the results, the articles analyzed presented considerable limitations, this interfered negatively with evidence of efficacy. Psychopaths can respond to and benefit from behavioral and cognitive treatments. However, the field still presents few randomized research, with the same limitations pointed out in previous reviews. Interventions present controversial evidence of efficacy, therefore, new studies in the field are required with more elaborate and discerning scientific and methodological standards.
{"title":"Estratégias Comportamentais e Cognitivas no Tratamento da Psicopatia: Uma Revisão","authors":"M. G. Pereira, M. V. Souza","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020245","url":null,"abstract":"The definition and identification of the main characteristics and traits of psychopathic individuals has been the subject of different areas of study for several decades. In the forensic scope, the psychopathy is a term quite discussed, being strongly related to criminality. In the treatment context, the growing use of cognitive-behavioral strategies has been reported in the literature, which has presented several results. To evaluate the main cognitive and behavioral strategies employed in the treatment of psychopathy based on the results of empirical studies, considering the evidences of efficacy. The databases Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs and the CAPES Periodical portal were consulted. Inclusion criteria: 1) original empirical article; 2) sample of individuals diagnosed with psychopathy or presenting with psychopathic traits or characteristics; 3) use cognitive and behavioral strategies; 4) published between 2014 and 2019. Have been identified 848 articles that, after inclusion of the filters, reading the titles and abstracts, 23 essays were screened. Subsequently, considering the inclusion criteria, seven articles were included in the analysis. Behavioral and cognitive interventions presented different results. However, regardless of the results, the articles analyzed presented considerable limitations, this interfered negatively with evidence of efficacy. Psychopaths can respond to and benefit from behavioral and cognitive treatments. However, the field still presents few randomized research, with the same limitations pointed out in previous reviews. Interventions present controversial evidence of efficacy, therefore, new studies in the field are required with more elaborate and discerning scientific and methodological standards.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"178 1","pages":"245-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73205438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020229
A. Cotomácio
O presente relato de caso tem por objetivo demonstrar a aplicacao de um inusitado metodo de coleta de substância acelerante empregada em uma ocorrencia de incendiarismo, utilizando farinha de trigo como material absorvente. Alem de sua viabilidade, foi possivel corroborar a conclusao acerca de fogo posto intencionalmente, por meio do reconhecimento da presenca de padroes de queima caracteristicos no veiculo objeto do incendio.
{"title":"Coleta de Resquícios de Substâncias Acelerantes em Superfícies Porosas no Incendiarismo: Utilização do Método Proposto por Icove e Haynes","authors":"A. Cotomácio","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020229","url":null,"abstract":"O presente relato de caso tem por objetivo demonstrar a aplicacao de um inusitado metodo de coleta de substância acelerante empregada em uma ocorrencia de incendiarismo, utilizando farinha de trigo como material absorvente. Alem de sua viabilidade, foi possivel corroborar a conclusao acerca de fogo posto intencionalmente, por meio do reconhecimento da presenca de padroes de queima caracteristicos no veiculo objeto do incendio.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81633596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-28DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020210
K. Mariotti
Um dos principais objetivos das ciencias forenses e a coleta de evidencias validas em uma cena de crime com maxima objetividade e confiabilidade para apoiar o processo judicial. Nesse sentido, as impressoes digitais contribuem de forma decisiva para a materia criminal, trazendo informacoes acerca da presenca de alguem em uma cena de crime, estando dentre os vestigios mais comumente utilizados mundialmente na area forense. Com os avancos da instrumentacao analitica, as impressoes digitais, para alem de serem evidencias fisicas de grande relevância, foram alcadas a verdadeiras fontes de inteligencia quimica, capazes de revelar informacoes forenses adicionais acerca de um individuo. A presente revisao aborda o tema da analise de substâncias em impressoes digitais, trazendo estudos recentes descritos na literatura cientifica. Observa-se que ha um interesse crescente sobre a investigacao do conteudo quimico endogeno e exogeno desses vestigios. Metodos espectroscopicos e espectrometricos tem sido aplicados e desenvolvidos para a deteccao da presenca de drogas de abuso, medicamentos, explosivos e residuos de preservativos, dentre outros. Compostos endogenos tem revelado dados acerca do estilo de vida e habitos do individuo. Analises de lipideos, proteinas e outros componentes da secrecao formadora da impressao papilar, tem sido utilizadas para avaliar o envelhecimento do vestigio, bem como diferenciar impressoes digitais de adultos de criancas. Os crescentes avancos analiticos na pericia papiloscopica deixam claro que o estudo e a analise quimica de residuos de impressoes digitais sao uma fonte promissora de inteligencia forense, podendo ter um impacto profundo para um sistema de justica criminal mais eficiente.
{"title":"Perícia Papiloscópica: Métodos Espectrométricos e Espectroscópicos Aplicados à Análise Química de Impressões Digitais","authors":"K. Mariotti","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020210","url":null,"abstract":"Um dos principais objetivos das ciencias forenses e a coleta de evidencias validas em uma cena de crime com maxima objetividade e confiabilidade para apoiar o processo judicial. Nesse sentido, as impressoes digitais contribuem de forma decisiva para a materia criminal, trazendo informacoes acerca da presenca de alguem em uma cena de crime, estando dentre os vestigios mais comumente utilizados mundialmente na area forense. Com os avancos da instrumentacao analitica, as impressoes digitais, para alem de serem evidencias fisicas de grande relevância, foram alcadas a verdadeiras fontes de inteligencia quimica, capazes de revelar informacoes forenses adicionais acerca de um individuo. A presente revisao aborda o tema da analise de substâncias em impressoes digitais, trazendo estudos recentes descritos na literatura cientifica. Observa-se que ha um interesse crescente sobre a investigacao do conteudo quimico endogeno e exogeno desses vestigios. Metodos espectroscopicos e espectrometricos tem sido aplicados e desenvolvidos para a deteccao da presenca de drogas de abuso, medicamentos, explosivos e residuos de preservativos, dentre outros. Compostos endogenos tem revelado dados acerca do estilo de vida e habitos do individuo. Analises de lipideos, proteinas e outros componentes da secrecao formadora da impressao papilar, tem sido utilizadas para avaliar o envelhecimento do vestigio, bem como diferenciar impressoes digitais de adultos de criancas. Os crescentes avancos analiticos na pericia papiloscopica deixam claro que o estudo e a analise quimica de residuos de impressoes digitais sao uma fonte promissora de inteligencia forense, podendo ter um impacto profundo para um sistema de justica criminal mais eficiente.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"81 1","pages":"210-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82272007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-28DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020195
V. Chayal, R. Rawal, Deepak R. Handa, V. Verma, Narendrakumar Mangilal Chayal, Himanshu A. Pandya
In the recent era, investigation of dye, pigments and powder-based ink examination are big challenges. Literature and survey reveal that, some erasable ink pens were consistently used to commit economic frauds in bank instruments like cheques, withdrawal slips, demand drafts, fix deposit receipts, counterfeit currency, and other essential documents. Some manufacturers provide magic erasable writing instruments. Here, we deciphered this type of ink on different documents with the help of VSC-6000/HS. The main aim of this research work is to develop simple, rapid, sensitive, eco-friendly to retrieve original writings of erasable ink. Total of 640 test samples were prepared under the same conditions with different ink pens on different papers/cheques, where each sample was written with the ReWrite-erasable ink pen, thermal ink pen, roller ball high tech ink pen, normal ballpoint pen and gel pens for the comparison purpose. The test samples were examined under different types of scientific instruments, physical examination before and after exposing to different environmental conditions, sunlight and at room temperature (25 C) for the period of one hundred and eightyone (181) days. This technique to retrieve the original disappeared writings done with a ReWrite-erasable ink pen is very easy, simple, rapid, non-destructive, eco-friendly, convenient and sensitive to detect manipulations done in forgery and in suspect documents. Detection of ghost strokes under VSC-6000/HS with different functions, like fluorescence spotlight and specific (300 to 365 nm) UV range will provide a new avenue by, which the forensic document 196 Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 9(2):195-209 (2020) V. M. Chayal et al. scientist can identify the erased writing that might otherwise go undetected with other more frequently used methods.
在近代，对染料、颜料和粉状油墨的考察都是不小的挑战。文献和调查显示，一些可擦墨水笔一直被用来在银行工具上进行经济欺诈，如支票、取款单、活期汇票、定期存款收据、伪造货币和其他重要文件。一些制造商提供神奇的可擦除书写工具。在这里，我们借助VSC-6000/HS对不同文件上的这种墨水进行了解密。本研究的主要目的是开发一种简单、快速、灵敏、环保的可擦墨原稿检索方法。在相同的条件下，用不同的墨水笔在不同的纸张/支票上制备了640个测试样品，每个样品分别用可重写可擦墨水笔、热墨水笔、滚球高科技墨水笔、普通圆珠笔和凝胶笔进行比较。测试样品在不同的环境条件、阳光和室温(25℃)下暴露前后进行181天(181天)的不同类型的科学仪器和体格检查。这种用可重写可擦墨水笔恢复原始消失文字的技术非常容易、简单、快速、无损、环保、方便和敏感，可以检测伪造和可疑文件中的操作。在荧光聚光灯和特定(300至365 nm)紫外线范围等不同功能的VSC-6000/HS下检测鬼画将提供一种新的途径，法医文件196巴西法医学，医学法律和生物伦理学杂志9(2):195-209 (2020)V. M. Chayal等科学家可以识别被擦除的文字，否则其他更常用的方法可能无法检测到。
{"title":"A Modern Writing Instrument Used as a Weapon for Committing Bank Cheque Fraud","authors":"V. Chayal, R. Rawal, Deepak R. Handa, V. Verma, Narendrakumar Mangilal Chayal, Himanshu A. Pandya","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020195","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent era, investigation of dye, pigments and powder-based ink examination are big challenges. Literature and survey reveal that, some erasable ink pens were consistently used to commit economic frauds in bank instruments like cheques, withdrawal slips, demand drafts, fix deposit receipts, counterfeit currency, and other essential documents. Some manufacturers provide magic erasable writing instruments. Here, we deciphered this type of ink on different documents with the help of VSC-6000/HS. The main aim of this research work is to develop simple, rapid, sensitive, eco-friendly to retrieve original writings of erasable ink. Total of 640 test samples were prepared under the same conditions with different ink pens on different papers/cheques, where each sample was written with the ReWrite-erasable ink pen, thermal ink pen, roller ball high tech ink pen, normal ballpoint pen and gel pens for the comparison purpose. The test samples were examined under different types of scientific instruments, physical examination before and after exposing to different environmental conditions, sunlight and at room temperature (25 C) for the period of one hundred and eightyone (181) days. This technique to retrieve the original disappeared writings done with a ReWrite-erasable ink pen is very easy, simple, rapid, non-destructive, eco-friendly, convenient and sensitive to detect manipulations done in forgery and in suspect documents. Detection of ghost strokes under VSC-6000/HS with different functions, like fluorescence spotlight and specific (300 to 365 nm) UV range will provide a new avenue by, which the forensic document 196 Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 9(2):195-209 (2020) V. M. Chayal et al. scientist can identify the erased writing that might otherwise go undetected with other more frequently used methods.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"16 1","pages":"195-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81543144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-23DOI: 10.17063/BJFS9(2)Y2020185
S. Chowdhuri, Saikat Das, R. Ghosh
To test the relevance of bony fusion of distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphysis by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a cross-sectional study was performed to determine the reliability of 16 and 18 years of life. Methodology: We scanned 140 Indian (Bengali) subjects in the age bracket of 3 and 35 using 1.5 T MR-scanner utilising T1 turbo spin-echo sequence representing true bone anatomy, in the Indian Bengali population. Minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation were defined. Bony fusion took place before the 18 year of life. Intraand interobserver agreements were determined by calculating the kappa coefficients. Bony fusion of distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses in 1.5 Tesla MRI is useful only to a certain extent in determining age 16 to 17 years of life in both sexes, but completion of 18 year of life cannot be solely determined by MRI from bony fusion of knee.
{"title":"Estimation of Forensic Age from Bony Fusion of Distal Femoral and Proximal Tibial Epiphyses by MRI of the Knee","authors":"S. Chowdhuri, Saikat Das, R. Ghosh","doi":"10.17063/BJFS9(2)Y2020185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/BJFS9(2)Y2020185","url":null,"abstract":"To test the relevance of bony fusion of distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphysis by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a cross-sectional study was performed to determine the reliability of 16 and 18 years of life. Methodology: We scanned 140 Indian (Bengali) subjects in the age bracket of 3 and 35 using 1.5 T MR-scanner utilising T1 turbo spin-echo sequence representing true bone anatomy, in the Indian Bengali population. Minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation were defined. Bony fusion took place before the 18 year of life. Intraand interobserver agreements were determined by calculating the kappa coefficients. Bony fusion of distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses in 1.5 Tesla MRI is useful only to a certain extent in determining age 16 to 17 years of life in both sexes, but completion of 18 year of life cannot be solely determined by MRI from bony fusion of knee.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":"106 1","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87814933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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