Pub Date : 2020-03-22DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020168
Thales Bittencourt de Barcelos, A. M. D. Figueiredo, Eduardo Torres, A. Wainstein, Marcela Sena Braga, P. Bordoni
A psiquiatria forense relaciona o estudo do enfermo mental com a lei, permitindo seu enquadramento nos dispositivos legais e regulamentares, auxiliando na caracterizacao de imputabilidade a epoca do ilicito. O objetivo desse estudo transversal foi verificar o perfil epidemiologico e o diagnostico psiquiatrico dos individuos submetidos a pericia de imputabilidade penal no Instituto Medico Legal de Belo Horizonte (2014 a 2015), bem como avaliar os criterios de imputabilidade e os tipos penais mais comuns entre eles. Foram analisados 2.031 casos dos quais a maioria dos individuos era do sexo masculino e apresentava medias de 37,7 anos de idade e de 6,7 anos de estudos. Foram considerados dentro da normalidade psiquica 33,1% dos casos e 26,8% apresentaram transtorno psicotiforme. A inimputabilidade foi atribuida a 682 individuos e a semi-imputabilidade a 653. A capacidade de entendimento e de determinacao foi considerada preservada em 56,4% e em 34,3%, respectivamente. Os tipos penais mais comuns foram furto/roubo (30,7%), porte e trafico de drogas (14,2%). Dentre os individuos com criterios de inimputabilidade houve maior proporcao de homens, de solteiros, com maior idade media e com transtorno mental psicotiforme. O grupo com criterios de semi-imputabilidade apresentou maiores proporcoes de dependencia toxicologica e de capacidade de determinacao diminuida. Os dados acrescentam informacoes epidemiologicas e diagnosticas importantes para a psiquiatria forense que poderiam servir para indicar as caracteristicas da criminogenese e criminodinâmica a fim de se elaborar estrategias para prevenir o envolvimento de doentes mentais com atos ilicitos.
{"title":"Perícia de Imputabilidade Penal: Estudo de 2.031 Casos","authors":"Thales Bittencourt de Barcelos, A. M. D. Figueiredo, Eduardo Torres, A. Wainstein, Marcela Sena Braga, P. Bordoni","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020168","url":null,"abstract":"A psiquiatria forense relaciona o estudo do enfermo mental com a lei, permitindo seu enquadramento nos dispositivos legais e regulamentares, auxiliando na caracterizacao de imputabilidade a epoca do ilicito. O objetivo desse estudo transversal foi verificar o perfil epidemiologico e o diagnostico psiquiatrico dos individuos submetidos a pericia de imputabilidade penal no Instituto Medico Legal de Belo Horizonte (2014 a 2015), bem como avaliar os criterios de imputabilidade e os tipos penais mais comuns entre eles. Foram analisados 2.031 casos dos quais a maioria dos individuos era do sexo masculino e apresentava medias de 37,7 anos de idade e de 6,7 anos de estudos. Foram considerados dentro da normalidade psiquica 33,1% dos casos e 26,8% apresentaram transtorno psicotiforme. A inimputabilidade foi atribuida a 682 individuos e a semi-imputabilidade a 653. A capacidade de entendimento e de determinacao foi considerada preservada em 56,4% e em 34,3%, respectivamente. Os tipos penais mais comuns foram furto/roubo (30,7%), porte e trafico de drogas (14,2%). Dentre os individuos com criterios de inimputabilidade houve maior proporcao de homens, de solteiros, com maior idade media e com transtorno mental psicotiforme. O grupo com criterios de semi-imputabilidade apresentou maiores proporcoes de dependencia toxicologica e de capacidade de determinacao diminuida. Os dados acrescentam informacoes epidemiologicas e diagnosticas importantes para a psiquiatria forense que poderiam servir para indicar as caracteristicas da criminogenese e criminodinâmica a fim de se elaborar estrategias para prevenir o envolvimento de doentes mentais com atos ilicitos.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76839259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020146
Leonardo Tibiriçá Corrêa, C. F. Plata, Esther Lopes Ricci, Maria Aparecida Nicoletti, É. C. Caperuto, H. S. Spinoza, Juliana Weckx Peña Muñoz, André Rinaldi Fukushima
A maconha e uma planta utilizada desde a Antiguidade com finalidade medicinal, atuando clinicamente como sedativo, analgesico e antiemetico. O principal efeito colateral e a perturbacao do sistema nervoso central, causando euforia e alucinacoes, levando a movimentacao popular em favor da proibicao, apesar de ser menos viciante e perigoso que etanol e derivados opioides. Em 1964, foi isolado o ?9-tetrahidrocanabinol, principal psicoativo da maconha, levando a hipotese de que seu mecanismo de acao seria semelhante aos anestesicos gerais. Em 1988, foi descoberto os receptores canabinoides, dando inicio a exploracao de seu sistema endogeno. Em 1992, a descoberta do primeiro mediador endogeno, denominado anandamida. Em 1994, e lancado o primeiro medicamento atuante no sistema de endocanabinoides, denominado rimonabanto, com a finalidade de inibir o apetite e tratar a obesidade. Em 2008, o rimonabanto e retirado do mercado por induzir a depressao e ansiedade e dispor de relacao com a ocorrencia de suicidio. Em 2019, a Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria regulamentou os requisitos de fabricacao, dispensacao e receituario com a RDC 327/19. Atualmente, o sistema de canabinoides possui maior conhecimento e e possivel estabelecer diversas aplicacoes clinicas, por exemplo, atuando na atenuacao dos sintomas motores da Doenca de Parkinson, na dor neuropatica ou inflamatoria, diminuicao da pressao intraocular no glaucoma e como antiemetico durante a quimioterapia. O presente trabalho visa revisar os aspectos historicos da maconha no Brasil e o trajeto das descobertas de seus derivados, assim como a biossintese e sinalizacao endocanabinoide e as aplicacoes clinicas em uma abordagem farmacologica.
{"title":"Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática – Sistema de Endocanabinoides Tendências de Uso na Farmacologia","authors":"Leonardo Tibiriçá Corrêa, C. F. Plata, Esther Lopes Ricci, Maria Aparecida Nicoletti, É. C. Caperuto, H. S. Spinoza, Juliana Weckx Peña Muñoz, André Rinaldi Fukushima","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(2)y2020146","url":null,"abstract":"A maconha e uma planta utilizada desde a Antiguidade com finalidade medicinal, atuando clinicamente como sedativo, analgesico e antiemetico. O principal efeito colateral e a perturbacao do sistema nervoso central, causando euforia e alucinacoes, levando a movimentacao popular em favor da proibicao, apesar de ser menos viciante e perigoso que etanol e derivados opioides. Em 1964, foi isolado o ?9-tetrahidrocanabinol, principal psicoativo da maconha, levando a hipotese de que seu mecanismo de acao seria semelhante aos anestesicos gerais. Em 1988, foi descoberto os receptores canabinoides, dando inicio a exploracao de seu sistema endogeno. Em 1992, a descoberta do primeiro mediador endogeno, denominado anandamida. Em 1994, e lancado o primeiro medicamento atuante no sistema de endocanabinoides, denominado rimonabanto, com a finalidade de inibir o apetite e tratar a obesidade. Em 2008, o rimonabanto e retirado do mercado por induzir a depressao e ansiedade e dispor de relacao com a ocorrencia de suicidio. Em 2019, a Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria regulamentou os requisitos de fabricacao, dispensacao e receituario com a RDC 327/19. Atualmente, o sistema de canabinoides possui maior conhecimento e e possivel estabelecer diversas aplicacoes clinicas, por exemplo, atuando na atenuacao dos sintomas motores da Doenca de Parkinson, na dor neuropatica ou inflamatoria, diminuicao da pressao intraocular no glaucoma e como antiemetico durante a quimioterapia. O presente trabalho visa revisar os aspectos historicos da maconha no Brasil e o trajeto das descobertas de seus derivados, assim como a biossintese e sinalizacao endocanabinoide e as aplicacoes clinicas em uma abordagem farmacologica.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83175609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020292
H. C. Teles, R. A. Santos, E. Almeida Jr., V. A. Sandes, F. P. Reis
. The research aim is to assess the sexual dimorphism and estimate age through facial measurements from the zygomatic region, thus providing subside for investigations in Legal Medicine. A sample of 241 dry skulls was screened and 226 met the inclusion criteria, the 15 excluded skulls were damaged. From that sample, 89 were female and 137 were male, all older than 20 years of age and belonging to the Tiradentes University’s Human Anatomy Laboratory. A precision digital caliper, calibrated in millimeters, was used. The measurements took place using the following points: Zygomatic Orbital, Zygomatic Maxillary and Zygomatic Temporal on both sides of the face, and from these three points, two triangular areas, right and left were stablished. The analysis of variance exhibited a larger mean within all variables for males, that difference was statistically significant after t-test (p <0.05). The Discriminant Analysis exhibited a correctness index of 74.16% on female gender and 69.12% for the male gender, presenting an accuracy rate of 71.64%. After logistic regression, a concordance index of 75.4% was reached. The data suggests that the age prediction model was not significant in our study. The results can allow the design of statistical methods for sex prediction in future observations.
{"title":"Estimativa do Sexo e Idade por Meio de Mensurações Faciais em Crânios Secos de Adultos","authors":"H. C. Teles, R. A. Santos, E. Almeida Jr., V. A. Sandes, F. P. Reis","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020292","url":null,"abstract":". The research aim is to assess the sexual dimorphism and estimate age through facial measurements from the zygomatic region, thus providing subside for investigations in Legal Medicine. A sample of 241 dry skulls was screened and 226 met the inclusion criteria, the 15 excluded skulls were damaged. From that sample, 89 were female and 137 were male, all older than 20 years of age and belonging to the Tiradentes University’s Human Anatomy Laboratory. A precision digital caliper, calibrated in millimeters, was used. The measurements took place using the following points: Zygomatic Orbital, Zygomatic Maxillary and Zygomatic Temporal on both sides of the face, and from these three points, two triangular areas, right and left were stablished. The analysis of variance exhibited a larger mean within all variables for males, that difference was statistically significant after t-test (p <0.05). The Discriminant Analysis exhibited a correctness index of 74.16% on female gender and 69.12% for the male gender, presenting an accuracy rate of 71.64%. After logistic regression, a concordance index of 75.4% was reached. The data suggests that the age prediction model was not significant in our study. The results can allow the design of statistical methods for sex prediction in future observations.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80776271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020282
U. Condomitti, E. Cavalcante, P. Pacheco, A. T. Silveira, H. Toma
{"title":"Uso de Nanopartículas Superparamagnéticas na Revelação de mpressões Dígito-Papilares Latentes","authors":"U. Condomitti, E. Cavalcante, P. Pacheco, A. T. Silveira, H. Toma","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(3)y2020282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75567892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(1)y2019125
E. M. Penha, Debora Damasceno e Souza Cardoso, L. Coelho, Angela Moraes Bueno
Este trabalho discute o uso medicinal da maconha, conhecida cientificamente como Cannabis sativa, para o tratamento de doencas cronicas e terminais e sua dificil legalizacao das leis brasileiras, uma vez que esta e considerada uma droga ilegal no Brasil. Nesse sentido, os objetivos especificos visam apresentar o contexto historico da maconha, bem como a legislacao e a autorizacao brasileira em torno do tratamento. Assim, o trabalho procura mostrar a importância para a sociedade brasileira da maconha medicinal no tratamento de doencas terminais e degenerativas.
{"title":"A regulamentação de medicamentos derivados da Cannabis sativa no Brasil","authors":"E. M. Penha, Debora Damasceno e Souza Cardoso, L. Coelho, Angela Moraes Bueno","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(1)y2019125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(1)y2019125","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabalho discute o uso medicinal da maconha, conhecida cientificamente como Cannabis sativa, para o tratamento de doencas cronicas e terminais e sua dificil legalizacao das leis brasileiras, uma vez que esta e considerada uma droga ilegal no Brasil. Nesse sentido, os objetivos especificos visam apresentar o contexto historico da maconha, bem como a legislacao e a autorizacao brasileira em torno do tratamento. Assim, o trabalho procura mostrar a importância para a sociedade brasileira da maconha medicinal no tratamento de doencas terminais e degenerativas.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77414543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-26DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(1)y201968
O. Iroanya, Mosidat Temilade Oyeyemi, T. Egwuatu
Forensic anthropology is the practical application of anthropology to law, especially in questions related to medicolegal identity and forensic medicine. In forensics, methods involving physical anthropology present high rate of accuracy for human identification and gender estimation. This study aimed to ascertain sexual dimorphism using different craniofacial variables among Igbo and Yoruba young adults. Some craniofacial variables were measured in 300 undergraduates from University of Lagos using physical anthropometry. The mean values of all the craniofacial features studied were higher in males compared to females. Igbo students had significantly (p≤0.05) higher mean height, weight, morphological facial height (MFH), morphological facial breadth (MFB), intercanthal difference (ID), nose length (LN), left eye width (LEW), exocanthii to exocanthii (EX-EX) and subnasale to gnathion (SN-GN) values compared to Yoruba students. The mean prosopic index of the Igbo male (94.5%), Igbo females (94.6%) and Yoruba females (93.92%) showed leptoprosopic facial shape while the Yoruba males (97.52%) were hyperleptoprosopic. The mean nasal index of Igbo females (leptorrhine) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower compared to Igbo males and the Yoruba males and females (mesorrhine). Sex was significant with height, weight, MFH, MFB, ID, CH-CH, LEW, EX-EX, SN-GN at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). This study shows that height, weight, MFH, MFB, ID, CH-CH, LEW, EX-EX and SN-GN can be used to predict sex.
{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism and Anthropometric Comparison of Craniofacial Features of Igbo and Yoruba Undergraduate Students of University of Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"O. Iroanya, Mosidat Temilade Oyeyemi, T. Egwuatu","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(1)y201968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(1)y201968","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic anthropology is the practical application of anthropology to law, especially in questions related to medicolegal identity and forensic medicine. In forensics, methods involving physical anthropology present high rate of accuracy for human identification and gender estimation. This study aimed to ascertain sexual dimorphism using different craniofacial variables among Igbo and Yoruba young adults. Some craniofacial variables were measured in 300 undergraduates from University of Lagos using physical anthropometry. The mean values of all the craniofacial features studied were higher in males compared to females. Igbo students had significantly (p≤0.05) higher mean height, weight, morphological facial height (MFH), morphological facial breadth (MFB), intercanthal difference (ID), nose length (LN), left eye width (LEW), exocanthii to exocanthii (EX-EX) and subnasale to gnathion (SN-GN) values compared to Yoruba students. The mean prosopic index of the Igbo male (94.5%), Igbo females (94.6%) and Yoruba females (93.92%) showed leptoprosopic facial shape while the Yoruba males (97.52%) were hyperleptoprosopic. The mean nasal index of Igbo females (leptorrhine) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower compared to Igbo males and the Yoruba males and females (mesorrhine). Sex was significant with height, weight, MFH, MFB, ID, CH-CH, LEW, EX-EX, SN-GN at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). This study shows that height, weight, MFH, MFB, ID, CH-CH, LEW, EX-EX and SN-GN can be used to predict sex.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83093425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-22DOI: 10.17063/BJFS9(1)Y201953
V. Chayal, Rakesh Rawal, Deepak R. Handa, Vijay Verma, Himanshu A. Pandya
In the 21st century, new digital electronic technologies like computer, scanner, digital camera, computerized photo-stat machines and different types of printers, editing soft-wares are used, which can be utilize to commit document frauds. Rubber-stamps are used as an official seal describing government, private officer’s designation, department information etc. They sometimes use rubber-stamp for authentication, certification or verification of original documents. Fraudster uses digital technology to develop imitation of ‘signature rubber-stamp’ to perform white caller crime. Such rubber-stamps containing ‘Signatures’ and utilize it for committing crime by applying on documents. This is a case study, which defines a specific modus operandi used by fraudsters in India. Authors have investigated such modus operandi of fraud, which is very difficult to identify by a layman. This type of modus operandi could only be detected with the scientific instrument namely VSC-6000/HS with different functionality. The main aim of this research work is to develop simple, rapid, sensitive, eco-friendly and non-destructive method to identify signatures applied with rubber-stamps. The research in such field will be directly beneficial to society, financial institutions, law enforcement agencies which give additional motivation to do research for examination of questioned documents.
{"title":"Investigation of Frauds in Signature Rubber-Stamps","authors":"V. Chayal, Rakesh Rawal, Deepak R. Handa, Vijay Verma, Himanshu A. Pandya","doi":"10.17063/BJFS9(1)Y201953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/BJFS9(1)Y201953","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, new digital electronic technologies like computer, scanner, digital camera, computerized photo-stat machines and different types of printers, editing soft-wares are used, which can be utilize to commit document frauds. Rubber-stamps are used as an official seal describing government, private officer’s designation, department information etc. They sometimes use rubber-stamp for authentication, certification or verification of original documents. Fraudster uses digital technology to develop imitation of ‘signature rubber-stamp’ to perform white caller crime. Such rubber-stamps containing ‘Signatures’ and utilize it for committing crime by applying on documents. This is a case study, which defines a specific modus operandi used by fraudsters in India. Authors have investigated such modus operandi of fraud, which is very difficult to identify by a layman. This type of modus operandi could only be detected with the scientific instrument namely VSC-6000/HS with different functionality. The main aim of this research work is to develop simple, rapid, sensitive, eco-friendly and non-destructive method to identify signatures applied with rubber-stamps. The research in such field will be directly beneficial to society, financial institutions, law enforcement agencies which give additional motivation to do research for examination of questioned documents.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79958888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forensic anthropologists and pathologists have solved various mysteries like identifying victims and documenting crimes. They have identified the remains of decomposed, partially skeletonised and burned victims. For identifications, the parameters like sex, stature, age and ancestry are the foremost essential components. Present cross-sectional study was carried out on 206 Ladakhi subjects (129 males and 77 females) aged between 14 to 19 years by random sampling method. Classifications were done on basis of standards given by Martin & Saller, (1957) and Vallois, (1965). The hand parameters showed significant sexual dimorphism in adolescent boys and girls at (p<0.001) of Ladakhi population. Analysis showed that hands parameters in adolescent girls are found to be more reliable and applicable for stature estimation than in boys. Regression equations showed that multiple regressions are better in predicting the stature than the linear regression in Ladakhi adolescents. The present study revealed that like other body dimensions like long bone length, cephalofacial dimensions, foot dimensions, etc., hand dimensions can also be applied for stature reconstruction when only hand are available for forensic examinations.
{"title":"Stature Determination from the Hand Dimensions among the Adolescent Boys and Girls of Ladakhi Population of Jammu and Kashmir (India)","authors":"M. Ali, J. Sehrawat","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(1)y20191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(1)y20191","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic anthropologists and pathologists have solved various mysteries like identifying victims and documenting crimes. They have identified the remains of decomposed, partially skeletonised and burned victims. For identifications, the parameters like sex, stature, age and ancestry are the foremost essential components. Present cross-sectional study was carried out on 206 Ladakhi subjects (129 males and 77 females) aged between 14 to 19 years by random sampling method. Classifications were done on basis of standards given by Martin & Saller, (1957) and Vallois, (1965). The hand parameters showed significant sexual dimorphism in adolescent boys and girls at (p<0.001) of Ladakhi population. Analysis showed that hands parameters in adolescent girls are found to be more reliable and applicable for stature estimation than in boys. Regression equations showed that multiple regressions are better in predicting the stature than the linear regression in Ladakhi adolescents. The present study revealed that like other body dimensions like long bone length, cephalofacial dimensions, foot dimensions, etc., hand dimensions can also be applied for stature reconstruction when only hand are available for forensic examinations.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76279831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-21DOI: 10.17063/bjfs9(1)y201940
J. Sehrawat, D. Sankhyan, Monika Singh
Teeth are the most resistant and hardest structures of human body which are usually better preserved than other parts of skeleton and maintain their forensic odontological significance for a comparatively longer period of time. They retain their unique features even in the worst environmental conditions from taphonomic degradations to biological or chemical destructions. They can survive all sorts of natural or man-made disasters and the taphonomic destructions. Besides the unique odontological, molecular and chemical characteristics of teeth; the dental pathologies and structural anomalies also play crucial role in forensic identification of unknown human skeletal remains. The idiosyncratic features like tooth staining/coloration patterns, developmental defects, tooth wear and attritions, dental restorations/implants, cultural tooth modifications, tobacco or nut-chewing signs, occupational stigmas etc., act as valuable adjuncts to forensic examination of teeth found in forensic or bioarchaeological contexts. Dental pathologies and anomalies may reflect the oral hygiene, dietary patterns (like consumption of sweets and sugar, fats, proteins) socio-economic or socio-cultural, and the occupational status of an individual. Present review article presents a brief overview of different dental defects and their putative role in forensic anthropological identification of unknown human remains.
{"title":"Role of Dental Pathologies and other Anomalies in Forensic Identification of Unknown Human Skeletal Remains: a Review","authors":"J. Sehrawat, D. Sankhyan, Monika Singh","doi":"10.17063/bjfs9(1)y201940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs9(1)y201940","url":null,"abstract":"Teeth are the most resistant and hardest structures of human body which are usually better preserved than other parts of skeleton and maintain their forensic odontological significance for a comparatively longer period of time. They retain their unique features even in the worst environmental conditions from taphonomic degradations to biological or chemical destructions. They can survive all sorts of natural or man-made disasters and the taphonomic destructions. Besides the unique odontological, molecular and chemical characteristics of teeth; the dental pathologies and structural anomalies also play crucial role in forensic identification of unknown human skeletal remains. The idiosyncratic features like tooth staining/coloration patterns, developmental defects, tooth wear and attritions, dental restorations/implants, cultural tooth modifications, tobacco or nut-chewing signs, occupational stigmas etc., act as valuable adjuncts to forensic examination of teeth found in forensic or bioarchaeological contexts. Dental pathologies and anomalies may reflect the oral hygiene, dietary patterns (like consumption of sweets and sugar, fats, proteins) socio-economic or socio-cultural, and the occupational status of an individual. Present review article presents a brief overview of different dental defects and their putative role in forensic anthropological identification of unknown human remains.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83668703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-29DOI: 10.17063/bjfs8(4)y2019272
Elquissana Quirino dos Santos
Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar caracteristicas dos crimes de feminicidio e dos crimes passionais como consequencia de relacionamentos toxicos abordando as caracteristicas do ciume patologico. A realizacao deste estudo baseou-se em uma pesquisa bibliografica, sob o metodo dedutivo, por meio da coleta de diferentes materiais teoricos de diversos autores. Observou-se que a violencia contra a mulher em todas as suas formas e mais comum em os relacionamentos toxicos, sendo ambiente em que a mulher se encontra mais vulneravel e sofre com o ciume patologico. O crime passional e considerado como feminicidio intimo. Se no passado o criminoso que agisse sob este sentimento era favorecido, hoje o homicidio sob essa motivacao e o mais grave e pode incorrer agravantes em situacoes especificas.
{"title":"Crimes Passionais ou Feminicídio? Conceitos e a Relação entre os Relacionamentos Tóxicos e o Ciúme Patológico","authors":"Elquissana Quirino dos Santos","doi":"10.17063/bjfs8(4)y2019272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17063/bjfs8(4)y2019272","url":null,"abstract":"Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar caracteristicas dos crimes de feminicidio e dos crimes passionais como consequencia de relacionamentos toxicos abordando as caracteristicas do ciume patologico. A realizacao deste estudo baseou-se em uma pesquisa bibliografica, sob o metodo dedutivo, por meio da coleta de diferentes materiais teoricos de diversos autores. Observou-se que a violencia contra a mulher em todas as suas formas e mais comum em os relacionamentos toxicos, sendo ambiente em que a mulher se encontra mais vulneravel e sofre com o ciume patologico. O crime passional e considerado como feminicidio intimo. Se no passado o criminoso que agisse sob este sentimento era favorecido, hoje o homicidio sob essa motivacao e o mais grave e pode incorrer agravantes em situacoes especificas.","PeriodicalId":9123,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79363532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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