Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000253
Guillermo Telenti-Rodríguez, V. Medrano-Martínez, Nuria Terán-Villagrá, I. Francés-Pont, L. H. Rubio, R. M. Domenech, S. Fernández-Izquierdo, J. Mallada-Frechín
Isolated, space-occupying lesions in the brain encompass a wide differential diagnosis. Autoimmune diseases may be at the origin of these lesions and should be included in the diagnostic process. Isolated brain involvement by Sjogren's syndrome is very rare. We present the first case published in the literature confirmed with brain biopsy, secondary to a cerebellar pseudotumoral lesion due to localized lymphocytic vasculitis as the first manifestation of a Sjogren's Syndrome.
{"title":"Cerebelous Pseudotumor due to a Localized Vasculitis as First Presentation of Sjögren Syndrome","authors":"Guillermo Telenti-Rodríguez, V. Medrano-Martínez, Nuria Terán-Villagrá, I. Francés-Pont, L. H. Rubio, R. M. Domenech, S. Fernández-Izquierdo, J. Mallada-Frechín","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000253","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated, space-occupying lesions in the brain encompass a wide differential diagnosis. Autoimmune diseases may be at the origin of these lesions and should be included in the diagnostic process. Isolated brain involvement by Sjogren's syndrome is very rare. We present the first case published in the literature confirmed with brain biopsy, secondary to a cerebellar pseudotumoral lesion due to localized lymphocytic vasculitis as the first manifestation of a Sjogren's Syndrome.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000269
J. Chan
This hypothesis explores Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) from a new perspective. It has been widely observed that AD patients present initially with “recent” memory loss. Recent memories are constantly created and updated, in contrast to “archived” memories, which do not require updating and which AD patients retain longer. Notably, memory creation and updating require the production and synthesis of proteins in neurons; and in AD patients, neurodegeneration is relative to the number of new proteins that the patient has synthesized. In neuronal protein synthesis, DNA transcribes mRNA, which is then translated into proteins in the cytoplasm. During this process, the unzipped DNA double helix is vulnerable to assault and can subsequently enter apoptosis if it is unable to repair itself. A healthy individual can create and update memories without neurodegeneration, and even among dementia patients, not every protein synthesis is subject to assault or neuronal damage. However, the more proteins are synthesized, the greater the probability of assault. I propose here that, consistent with AD being an agerelated disease, AD patients’ immune systems have declined to the point where they are unable to eradicate assault agents and to repair DNA damage sustained from assaults during neuronal protein synthesis.
{"title":"Alzheimerâs Disease: A Hypothesis","authors":"J. Chan","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000269","url":null,"abstract":"This hypothesis explores Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) from a new perspective. It has been widely observed that AD patients present initially with “recent” memory loss. Recent memories are constantly created and updated, in contrast to “archived” memories, which do not require updating and which AD patients retain longer. Notably, memory creation and updating require the production and synthesis of proteins in neurons; and in AD patients, neurodegeneration is relative to the number of new proteins that the patient has synthesized. In neuronal protein synthesis, DNA transcribes mRNA, which is then translated into proteins in the cytoplasm. During this process, the unzipped DNA double helix is vulnerable to assault and can subsequently enter apoptosis if it is unable to repair itself. A healthy individual can create and update memories without neurodegeneration, and even among dementia patients, not every protein synthesis is subject to assault or neuronal damage. However, the more proteins are synthesized, the greater the probability of assault. I propose here that, consistent with AD being an agerelated disease, AD patients’ immune systems have declined to the point where they are unable to eradicate assault agents and to repair DNA damage sustained from assaults during neuronal protein synthesis.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68070603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625-C1-001
R. Herndon
{"title":"The Role of Herpes Viruses in Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"R. Herndon","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625-C1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625-C1-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68086012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625-C1-002
C. Strang
{"title":"Complement anomalies in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders as a trackable molecular event during the pre-clinical phase of disease development","authors":"C. Strang","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625-C1-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625-C1-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47577564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-14DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625-C1-009
Justin S. Brathwaite, Chad Smith, Tal Frolinger, Jun Wang, G. Pasinetti
Objectives: Social cognition (SC) impairments after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are pervasive. The movie for the assessment of social cognition (MASC) measures different facets of social interactions over the three stages of SC; social perception, social knowledge retrieval and response selection. The mechanisms underpinning SC deficits after TBI are poorly understood but aberrant eye fixation patterns could play a role. The present research explored fixations across social interactions to determine group differences and correlations between eye tracking and behavioural data. Design: Group differences in response selection during the MASC and fixation duration/count to areas of interest (eyes, nose and mouth) were examined. Methods: 18 TBI participants were recruited from the NHS and age/gender matched controls were recruited using stratified opportunity sampling. The MASC allows for quantification of incorrect answers; excessive theory of mind (ToM), reduced ToM and absence of ToM errors. The MASC was presented on a Tobii T120 eye tracker monitor. Results: TBI participants had significantly lower correct scores on the MASC and higher excessive/reduced errors compared to controls. There was no significant interaction between automated optical inspection (AOI) and group. However, significant main effects of group for fixation duration/count indicated that if AOI was ignored, controls displayed longer/more fixations overall suggesting a difference in visual scanning patterns between TBI and control groups. No significant correlations were established. Conclusions: TBI and controls exhibited disparate visual strategies during the MASC and this effect could underpin some SC impairments displayed by TBI participants. TBI participants also displayed insufficient and over-interpretative mental state reasoning compared to controls but it is unclear why. The present research outlines the multifaceted nature of SC impairments after TBI and highlights potential areas for SC intervention post-TBI
{"title":"Dietary polyphenols enhance optogenetic recall of fear memory in hippocampal dentate gyrus granule neuron subpopulations","authors":"Justin S. Brathwaite, Chad Smith, Tal Frolinger, Jun Wang, G. Pasinetti","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625-C1-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625-C1-009","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Social cognition (SC) impairments after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are pervasive. The movie for the assessment of social cognition (MASC) measures different facets of social interactions over the three stages of SC; social perception, social knowledge retrieval and response selection. The mechanisms underpinning SC deficits after TBI are poorly understood but aberrant eye fixation patterns could play a role. The present research explored fixations across social interactions to determine group differences and correlations between eye tracking and behavioural data. Design: Group differences in response selection during the MASC and fixation duration/count to areas of interest (eyes, nose and mouth) were examined. Methods: 18 TBI participants were recruited from the NHS and age/gender matched controls were recruited using stratified opportunity sampling. The MASC allows for quantification of incorrect answers; excessive theory of mind (ToM), reduced ToM and absence of ToM errors. The MASC was presented on a Tobii T120 eye tracker monitor. Results: TBI participants had significantly lower correct scores on the MASC and higher excessive/reduced errors compared to controls. There was no significant interaction between automated optical inspection (AOI) and group. However, significant main effects of group for fixation duration/count indicated that if AOI was ignored, controls displayed longer/more fixations overall suggesting a difference in visual scanning patterns between TBI and control groups. No significant correlations were established. Conclusions: TBI and controls exhibited disparate visual strategies during the MASC and this effect could underpin some SC impairments displayed by TBI participants. TBI participants also displayed insufficient and over-interpretative mental state reasoning compared to controls but it is unclear why. The present research outlines the multifaceted nature of SC impairments after TBI and highlights potential areas for SC intervention post-TBI","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44372230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-04DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000209
S. Abdalla, M. Elmagzoub, H. Babikir
Introduction: Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is common idiopathic epilepsy manifested by myoclonic jerks that commonly noticed in early childhood without consciousness disturbance, then the generalised tonic – clonic overwhelms the scene, absence attacks are not uncommon. The prominent and cardinal EEG features of JME syndrome that supports the diagnosis is the generalized 3.5-6 Hz single, bifid and polyspikes slow-wave’s complexes on normal brain background activity. Aim: Aims were to evaluate the demographic features and to detect the most common clinical presentations among Sudanese patients with JME and explain the possible causes of diagnosis delaying. Methods and patients: The study included all patients attended to National Ribat University – Faculty of Medicine and El-Magzoub Neurosciences centres whom their EEGs showed the characteristics features of JME (retrospectively). All the patients had been recruited (prospectively) and their EEGs have been repeated and clinical history and examination through pre-formed interview forms had bee done. The obtained data have been analysed using the SPSS and results were illustrated in by tables. Results and discussion: The mean age of JME patients at diagnosis was 19.55 ± 8.98 years. Myoclonic jerks were confirmed in about 91% of the patients. Sleep deprivation was the triggering factor for MJs in 61.4% of the patients. Absence attacks were confirmed in 77.27% of JME patients, and generalised tonic-clonic seizures in 84.1% of patients with a mean age of onset 13.92 ± 5.65 years. The elapsed time between jerks and GTC was 4.35 ± 3.61 years. Conclusion: MJs is common among Sudanese patients with JME and the sleep deprivation is the most frequent aggravating factors with the early awakening. Generalised tonic-clonic is common among JME patients and this great event may obscure MJs and confused the doctors to ask about them.
{"title":"Clinical Presentations and Factors Responsiblefor Delays in Diagnosis of Juvenile MyoclonicEpilepsy among Sudanese Patients","authors":"S. Abdalla, M. Elmagzoub, H. Babikir","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is common idiopathic epilepsy manifested by myoclonic jerks that commonly noticed in early childhood without consciousness disturbance, then the generalised tonic – clonic overwhelms the scene, absence attacks are not uncommon. The prominent and cardinal EEG features of JME syndrome that supports the diagnosis is the generalized 3.5-6 Hz single, bifid and polyspikes slow-wave’s complexes on normal brain background activity. \u0000Aim: Aims were to evaluate the demographic features and to detect the most common clinical presentations among Sudanese patients with JME and explain the possible causes of diagnosis delaying. \u0000Methods and patients: The study included all patients attended to National Ribat University – Faculty of Medicine and El-Magzoub Neurosciences centres whom their EEGs showed the characteristics features of JME (retrospectively). All the patients had been recruited (prospectively) and their EEGs have been repeated and clinical history and examination through pre-formed interview forms had bee done. The obtained data have been analysed using the SPSS and results were illustrated in by tables. \u0000Results and discussion: The mean age of JME patients at diagnosis was 19.55 ± 8.98 years. Myoclonic jerks were confirmed in about 91% of the patients. Sleep deprivation was the triggering factor for MJs in 61.4% of the patients. Absence attacks were confirmed in 77.27% of JME patients, and generalised tonic-clonic seizures in 84.1% of patients with a mean age of onset 13.92 ± 5.65 years. The elapsed time between jerks and GTC was 4.35 ± 3.61 years. \u0000Conclusion: MJs is common among Sudanese patients with JME and the sleep deprivation is the most frequent aggravating factors with the early awakening. Generalised tonic-clonic is common among JME patients and this great event may obscure MJs and confused the doctors to ask about them.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41835512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-12DOI: 10.4172/2168-975X-C1-014
Junzo Nakao
{"title":"Hypothermia for intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury: A randomized clinical study","authors":"Junzo Nakao","doi":"10.4172/2168-975X-C1-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-975X-C1-014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70863303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-09DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000167
S. Thompson
Association between the hormone cortisol and yawning has been found. The Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis proposed a link between yawning and rises in cortisol with further recent evidence from neuroscience showing communication between the motor cortex, brain-stem and hypothalamus. Hormonal and neuronal links form the proposed network that influences and also monitors cortisol and brain temperature regulation via the hypothalamus. Evidence supports the proposed connection between brain-stem, hypothalamus and motor cortex and further supports the Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis suggesting threshold levels of cortisol elicit yawning to cool the brain. Additionally, this may explain the well-known observed phenomenon known as parakinesia brachialis oscitans in brain-stem ischaemic stroke patients during involuntary yawning.
{"title":"Hypothesis to explain yawning, cortisol rise, brain cooling and motor cortex involvement of involuntary arm movement in neurologically impaired patients.","authors":"S. Thompson","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000167","url":null,"abstract":"Association between the hormone cortisol and yawning has been found. The Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis proposed a link between yawning and rises in cortisol with further recent evidence from neuroscience showing communication between the motor cortex, brain-stem and hypothalamus. Hormonal and neuronal links form the proposed network that influences and also monitors cortisol and brain temperature regulation via the hypothalamus. Evidence supports the proposed connection between brain-stem, hypothalamus and motor cortex and further supports the Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis suggesting threshold levels of cortisol elicit yawning to cool the brain. Additionally, this may explain the well-known observed phenomenon known as parakinesia brachialis oscitans in brain-stem ischaemic stroke patients during involuntary yawning.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46270080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000187
L. Nigro
Vertebral hemangiomas (VHs) are considered benign tumors consisting in vascular spaces lined by endothelium. Despite this definition they may develop and become extensive and symptomatic, in these cases they are called “aggressive”. A wide range of treatment options are available for symptomatic and extensive VHs such as radiotherapy, radiosurgery, embolization, alcohol injection, vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, laminectomy, intralesional resection and total en bloc spondilectomy.
{"title":"Algorithm of Treatment for Extensive Vertebral Hemangiomas According to Tomita Classification of Vertebral Tumors","authors":"L. Nigro","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Vertebral hemangiomas (VHs) are considered benign tumors consisting in vascular spaces lined by endothelium. Despite this definition they may develop and become extensive and symptomatic, in these cases they are called “aggressive”. A wide range of treatment options are available for symptomatic and extensive VHs such as radiotherapy, radiosurgery, embolization, alcohol injection, vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, laminectomy, intralesional resection and total en bloc spondilectomy.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68060266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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