Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000268
Bern Schmidt, Eryn Rekgai
{"title":"What is the Path of Sleep Research","authors":"Bern Schmidt, Eryn Rekgai","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68070543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000275
P. Suwanpakdee, Napakjira Likasitthananon, C. Nabangchang, Yutthana Pansuwan, Siriporn Pattharathitikul, Boonchai Boonyawat
Background: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to autosomal recessive mutations in the PANK2 gene. Several of these pathogenic mutations have been identified, and ethnic differences seem to play an important role in the clinical outcomes of this disease. Methods and Findings: Herein we present two Thai patients diagnosed with classic PKAN. The patients presented with typical features of progressive dystonia and an “eye-of-the-tiger” signal on their brain MRIs. Molecular analysis of the PANK2 gene was, therefore, performed to study the mechanism underlying this disease state. Clinically, we observed features of generalized dystonia and dysarthria during early childhood in both patients. Brain MRIs showed a central hyperintensity surrounded by a region of hypointensity in the globus pallidus which are hallmarks of this disease. Upon molecular analysis, we identified two missense mutations: c.1475C>T (p.Ala492Val) and c.1103A>G (p.Asp368Gly) and one splice site mutation: c.982-1G>C (IVS2-1G>C) in the PANK2 gene. Interestingly, the c.982-1G>C intronic mutation has previously been reported in only one Thai patient with classic PKAN. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the clinical and genetic characteristics of classic PKAN in two Thai patients. Generalized dystonia and dysarthria were the main clinical features that differed from classic PKAN in Caucasians. Two unique missense mutations and one recurrent splice-site mutation were identified in Thai patients with classic PKAN.
{"title":"Molecular Analysis of PANK2 Gene in Two Thai Classic Pantothenate Kinase- Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) Patients","authors":"P. Suwanpakdee, Napakjira Likasitthananon, C. Nabangchang, Yutthana Pansuwan, Siriporn Pattharathitikul, Boonchai Boonyawat","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000275","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to autosomal recessive mutations in the PANK2 gene. Several of these pathogenic mutations have been identified, and ethnic differences seem to play an important role in the clinical outcomes of this disease. Methods and Findings: Herein we present two Thai patients diagnosed with classic PKAN. The patients presented with typical features of progressive dystonia and an “eye-of-the-tiger” signal on their brain MRIs. Molecular analysis of the PANK2 gene was, therefore, performed to study the mechanism underlying this disease state. Clinically, we observed features of generalized dystonia and dysarthria during early childhood in both patients. Brain MRIs showed a central hyperintensity surrounded by a region of hypointensity in the globus pallidus which are hallmarks of this disease. Upon molecular analysis, we identified two missense mutations: c.1475C>T (p.Ala492Val) and c.1103A>G (p.Asp368Gly) and one splice site mutation: c.982-1G>C (IVS2-1G>C) in the PANK2 gene. Interestingly, the c.982-1G>C intronic mutation has previously been reported in only one Thai patient with classic PKAN. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the clinical and genetic characteristics of classic PKAN in two Thai patients. Generalized dystonia and dysarthria were the main clinical features that differed from classic PKAN in Caucasians. Two unique missense mutations and one recurrent splice-site mutation were identified in Thai patients with classic PKAN.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68071003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000264
Hisashi Ito, Shigeru Fukutake, T. Kamei
We herein report 2 cases of acute tryptamine abuse. Both cases developed confusional state within 1 hour of 4- acetoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyl-tryptamine ingestion. On admission, they presented confusion with marked mydriasis. In addition, one case showed hypertension, low grade fever, and hyperhidrosis, and the other showed the contraction of pilomotor muscles. Confusion and other autonomic symptoms improved gradually with intravenous drip infusion of saline. Tryptamine abuse should be considered as differential diagnosis in cases of acute confusional state with various autonomic symptoms.
我们在此报告2例急性色胺滥用。两例患者均在摄入4-乙酰氧基- n -甲基- n -异丙基-色胺后1小时内出现神志不清。入院时，他们表现出明显的瞳孔模糊。此外，1例患者表现为高血压、低烧、多汗症，另1例患者表现为领跑肌收缩。静脉滴注生理盐水后，精神错乱和其他自主神经症状逐渐改善。急性精神错乱伴各种自主神经症状时，应考虑滥用色胺作为鉴别诊断。
{"title":"2 Cases of Acute Confusional State with Autonomic Symptoms after Designer Tryptamine Abuse","authors":"Hisashi Ito, Shigeru Fukutake, T. Kamei","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000264","url":null,"abstract":"We herein report 2 cases of acute tryptamine abuse. Both cases developed confusional state within 1 hour of 4- acetoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyl-tryptamine ingestion. On admission, they presented confusion with marked mydriasis. In addition, one case showed hypertension, low grade fever, and hyperhidrosis, and the other showed the contraction of pilomotor muscles. Confusion and other autonomic symptoms improved gradually with intravenous drip infusion of saline. Tryptamine abuse should be considered as differential diagnosis in cases of acute confusional state with various autonomic symptoms.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68069348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000265
A. Zarifkar, A. Zarifkar, M. Nami, A. Rafati, H. Aligholi, F. Vafaee
Background: In light of therapeutic limitations in Alzheimer's disease (AD), recent alternative or add-on treatment approaches such as non-invasive brain stimulation through transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) have gained attention. Translational studies have postulated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is potentially a novel therapeutic option to reverse or stablize cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of the four main paradigms of tES, including tDCS, transcranial alternative current stimulation (tACS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), and transcranial pulse current stimulation (tPCS) on beta amyloid 25-35 (Aβ 25-35)-induced memory impairment in male rats submitted to the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Method: To develop AD model in Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 250-270, the cannula was implanted bilaterally into the hippocampi. Aβ 25-35 (5 μg/2.5 ml/ day) was microinjected bilaterally for 4 days. Then, tES was applied to the animals for 6 days. Subsequently, rats’ learning and memory function was evaluated on day 11-14 in MWM task. Results: Our findings indicated that tDCS, tACS, tRNS reduced escape latency, while such an effect was not observed in tPCS paradigm. In terms of the duration of animals’ presence in the platform quadrant, tDCS and tACS increased the outcome measure. Conclusion: We conclude that tDCS and tACS are more effective than the other two examined paradigms of tES in ameliorating learning and memory impairments.
{"title":"The Comparison of the Effects of Different Transcranial Electrical Stimulation(tES) Paradigms on Beta-Amyloid (Aβ 25-35)-Induced Memory Impairmentupon Morris Water Maze Task in Male Rats","authors":"A. Zarifkar, A. Zarifkar, M. Nami, A. Rafati, H. Aligholi, F. Vafaee","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000265","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In light of therapeutic limitations in Alzheimer's disease (AD), recent alternative or add-on treatment approaches such as non-invasive brain stimulation through transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) have gained attention. Translational studies have postulated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is potentially a novel therapeutic option to reverse or stablize cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of the four main paradigms of tES, including tDCS, transcranial alternative current stimulation (tACS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), and transcranial pulse current stimulation (tPCS) on beta amyloid 25-35 (Aβ 25-35)-induced memory impairment in male rats submitted to the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Method: To develop AD model in Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 250-270, the cannula was implanted bilaterally into the hippocampi. Aβ 25-35 (5 μg/2.5 ml/ day) was microinjected bilaterally for 4 days. Then, tES was applied to the animals for 6 days. Subsequently, rats’ learning and memory function was evaluated on day 11-14 in MWM task. Results: Our findings indicated that tDCS, tACS, tRNS reduced escape latency, while such an effect was not observed in tPCS paradigm. In terms of the duration of animals’ presence in the platform quadrant, tDCS and tACS increased the outcome measure. Conclusion: We conclude that tDCS and tACS are more effective than the other two examined paradigms of tES in ameliorating learning and memory impairments.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68069585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000270
C. Süer, Seda ArtıÅ
Purpose: Although the histamine receptor antagonists have been reported to enhance consolidation of memory in diverse disease states of the central nervous system, their contribution to the long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular form of learning and memory, remains unknown. Herein, we evaluate the effect of H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist thioperamide (inverse agonist) on the LTP in healthy rats and compare the effect with that of histamine as an agonist, and pyrilamine, as a H2R antagonist. Methods: LTP was induced in the dentate gyrus, where field potentials were recorded during infusions of saline, histamine, thioperamide or pyrilamine alone by application of high- frequency stimulation protocols. Results: The short-term and long-temp potentiation of EPSP, not of PS, in the thioperamide group were significantly higher in comparison with controls, indicating that induction and maintenance of synaptic, not somatic, LTP further enhanced by H3R antagonism. There were also significant differences in short-term and long-term potentiation of PS between the histamine and pyrilamine groups, indicating H1R-mediated dyssynchrony in granule cell of the dentate gyrus. Conclusion: Histamine seems not to play a significant functional role in the perforant pathway- dentate gyrus synapses, but the antagonism of H3R should be considered in treatment of cognitive dysfunctions, although other forms of synaptic plasticity such as longterm depression and depotentiation of LTP are needed.
{"title":"Not Itself Histamine, but H3R Antagonists/Inverse Agonist Thioperamide Enhances Long-term Potentiation in the Dentate Gyrus of Urethane- Anesthetized Rats","authors":"C. Süer, Seda ArtıÅ","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000270","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Although the histamine receptor antagonists have been reported to enhance consolidation of memory in diverse disease states of the central nervous system, their contribution to the long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular form of learning and memory, remains unknown. Herein, we evaluate the effect of H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist thioperamide (inverse agonist) on the LTP in healthy rats and compare the effect with that of histamine as an agonist, and pyrilamine, as a H2R antagonist. Methods: LTP was induced in the dentate gyrus, where field potentials were recorded during infusions of saline, histamine, thioperamide or pyrilamine alone by application of high- frequency stimulation protocols. Results: The short-term and long-temp potentiation of EPSP, not of PS, in the thioperamide group were significantly higher in comparison with controls, indicating that induction and maintenance of synaptic, not somatic, LTP further enhanced by H3R antagonism. There were also significant differences in short-term and long-term potentiation of PS between the histamine and pyrilamine groups, indicating H1R-mediated dyssynchrony in granule cell of the dentate gyrus. Conclusion: Histamine seems not to play a significant functional role in the perforant pathway- dentate gyrus synapses, but the antagonism of H3R should be considered in treatment of cognitive dysfunctions, although other forms of synaptic plasticity such as longterm depression and depotentiation of LTP are needed.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68070802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000278
S. Ikemoto, Ryuki Matsuura, S. Hamano, A. Daida, Jun Kubota, Y. Hirata, R. Koichihara
Introduction: We investigated serum matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels in patients with acute phase hemiplegic migraine and migrainous infarction. Background: Migraine is a common disorder that is characterized by episodic headaches. Hemiplegic migraine and migrainous infarction are rare migraine-related conditions with unknown pathophysiology. Methods and Findings: We evaluated serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in patients with migrainous infarction (patient 1), hemiplegic migraine (patient 2), cerebral infarction with other causes (group 3, n=4), and non-organic disease (group 4, n=5). Serum MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in patients 1 and 2 than in groups 3 and 4. The serum TIMP-1 level was significantly lower in patient 1 than in groups 3 and 4. MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were higher in patients 1 and 2 than in groups 3 and 4. Conclusion: MMP-9 levels and the MMP/TIMP-1 ratio may aid in the diagnosis of migraine, and therefore may provide a clue to the etiology of cerebral infarction.
{"title":"Elevated Serum MMP-9 and MMP/TIMP-1 Ratio in Patients with Migrainous Infarction and Hemiplegic Migraine","authors":"S. Ikemoto, Ryuki Matsuura, S. Hamano, A. Daida, Jun Kubota, Y. Hirata, R. Koichihara","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000278","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: We investigated serum matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels in patients with acute phase hemiplegic migraine and migrainous infarction. Background: Migraine is a common disorder that is characterized by episodic headaches. Hemiplegic migraine and migrainous infarction are rare migraine-related conditions with unknown pathophysiology. Methods and Findings: We evaluated serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in patients with migrainous infarction (patient 1), hemiplegic migraine (patient 2), cerebral infarction with other causes (group 3, n=4), and non-organic disease (group 4, n=5). Serum MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in patients 1 and 2 than in groups 3 and 4. The serum TIMP-1 level was significantly lower in patient 1 than in groups 3 and 4. MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were higher in patients 1 and 2 than in groups 3 and 4. Conclusion: MMP-9 levels and the MMP/TIMP-1 ratio may aid in the diagnosis of migraine, and therefore may provide a clue to the etiology of cerebral infarction.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68073087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000249
M. Wei, Y. Lou, Tang Yy, Q. Xiao, Huang Yy, Zhan Ww
Objective: Iron overload in the substantia nigra (SN) has been suggested playing a role in causing Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying mechanism leading to iron accumulation is not clear. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), an endogenous transporter for ferrous iron, has been suggested being involved in iron metabolism in both animal model and PD patients. However, previous studies failed to reveal DMT1 as strong risk factor for PD patients. One reason might be that abnormal iron accumulation is not a universal pathogenesis for PD patients. This study aims to explore whether DMT1 is a risk factor for PD patients with or without iron overload. Methods: Transcranial sonography (TCS) was used to classify PD patients into two subgroups, PD with SN hyperechogenicity (SN+) and PD without SN hyperechogenicity (SN-), to study the possible association between DMT1 gene variants and iron overload in PD patients. One mutation (1303C/A) and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (1254T/C and IVS4 + 44C/A) of DMT1 gene were tested in 67 PD SN+ patients and 53 PD SN- patients of Southern Han Chinese population by method of polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Results: Distribution of Genotypes and allele frequencies of all these three sites didn’t show significant difference between PD SN+ and PD SN- patients. Haplotype analysis of 1254T/C and IVS4 + 44C/A didn’t reveal potential risk factor for iron overload. Conclusion: Our results suggested that DMT1 gene variants (1303C/A, 1254T/C and IVS4 + 44C/A) are not correlated with iron accumulation in PD patients.
{"title":"Lack of Association between DMT1 Polymorphism and Iron Overload in Chinese Patients with Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"M. Wei, Y. Lou, Tang Yy, Q. Xiao, Huang Yy, Zhan Ww","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000249","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Iron overload in the substantia nigra (SN) has been suggested playing a role in causing Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying mechanism leading to iron accumulation is not clear. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), an endogenous transporter for ferrous iron, has been suggested being involved in iron metabolism in both animal model and PD patients. However, previous studies failed to reveal DMT1 as strong risk factor for PD patients. One reason might be that abnormal iron accumulation is not a universal pathogenesis for PD patients. This study aims to explore whether DMT1 is a risk factor for PD patients with or without iron overload. Methods: Transcranial sonography (TCS) was used to classify PD patients into two subgroups, PD with SN hyperechogenicity (SN+) and PD without SN hyperechogenicity (SN-), to study the possible association between DMT1 gene variants and iron overload in PD patients. One mutation (1303C/A) and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (1254T/C and IVS4 + 44C/A) of DMT1 gene were tested in 67 PD SN+ patients and 53 PD SN- patients of Southern Han Chinese population by method of polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Results: Distribution of Genotypes and allele frequencies of all these three sites didn’t show significant difference between PD SN+ and PD SN- patients. Haplotype analysis of 1254T/C and IVS4 + 44C/A didn’t reveal potential risk factor for iron overload. Conclusion: Our results suggested that DMT1 gene variants (1303C/A, 1254T/C and IVS4 + 44C/A) are not correlated with iron accumulation in PD patients.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000255
Chan Hong Park, S. H. Lee
Background: Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is the most common causes of mechanical compression of spinal nerve roots. The compression of these nerve roots can lead to low back pain and/or leg pain, as well as neurogenic claudication. Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) or balloon neuroplasty (BNP) are established treatment for lumbar spinal pain. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of BNP according DS grading. Methods: This study enrolled 107 patients with grade 1 DS (n=56) or grade 2 DS (n=51). Outcome measures were obtained by using both the visual analogue scale score (VAS) for pain and Oswetry instability index (ODI) at 2 weeks, and 6 months after treatment. Limitations: Grade 3 or 4 were not included. Secondary outcomes were not assessed, and the study did not include a long-term follow up period. Results: Mean post-treatment VAS at 2 weeks and 6 months were not significantly lower in either the patients with DS 1or the patients with DS 2. In addition, difference between the two groups were not significant. Among the patients with DS1, 37% of patients had VAS > 50% at both 2 weeks and 6 months follow up. Among the patients with DS 2, 17.9% and 21% had VAS >50% at 2 weeks and 6 months follow up assessment, respectively. In the DS 1 group, there was significant correlation between pain duration and at 2 weeks using VAS. Three patients with DS 1 and three with DS 2 had done surgery after BNP. Conclusion: BNP was not a suitable treatment modality for patients with grade 1and 2 DS at the 6-month followup period.
{"title":"Efficacy of Epidural Balloon Neuroplasty According to Spondylolisthesis Grade","authors":"Chan Hong Park, S. H. Lee","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000255","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is the most common causes of mechanical compression of spinal nerve roots. The compression of these nerve roots can lead to low back pain and/or leg pain, as well as neurogenic claudication. Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) or balloon neuroplasty (BNP) are established treatment for lumbar spinal pain. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of BNP according DS grading. Methods: This study enrolled 107 patients with grade 1 DS (n=56) or grade 2 DS (n=51). Outcome measures were obtained by using both the visual analogue scale score (VAS) for pain and Oswetry instability index (ODI) at 2 weeks, and 6 months after treatment. Limitations: Grade 3 or 4 were not included. Secondary outcomes were not assessed, and the study did not include a long-term follow up period. Results: Mean post-treatment VAS at 2 weeks and 6 months were not significantly lower in either the patients with DS 1or the patients with DS 2. In addition, difference between the two groups were not significant. Among the patients with DS1, 37% of patients had VAS > 50% at both 2 weeks and 6 months follow up. Among the patients with DS 2, 17.9% and 21% had VAS >50% at 2 weeks and 6 months follow up assessment, respectively. In the DS 1 group, there was significant correlation between pain duration and at 2 weeks using VAS. Three patients with DS 1 and three with DS 2 had done surgery after BNP. Conclusion: BNP was not a suitable treatment modality for patients with grade 1and 2 DS at the 6-month followup period.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68068488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000272
M. Chalia, T. Subramanian
Chorea secondary to cavernous malformation (CM) is uncommon and deficits can vary depending on the degree of involvement of surrounding structures. Unlike other vascular malformations, CM is not encapsulated. Therefore, hemorrhages from a CM can extend to involve adjacent brain structures. We present here a rare case of acute hemichorea with conduction aphasia due to hemorrhagic conversion of a CM, its diagnostic work up, and successful therapy. We demonstrate lesion-behavior mapping, combining both structural and functional data to elucidate the pathophysiology of this presentation.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Acute Hemichorea with Conduction Aphasia due to Cavernous Malformation","authors":"M. Chalia, T. Subramanian","doi":"10.21767/2171-6625.1000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000272","url":null,"abstract":"Chorea secondary to cavernous malformation (CM) is uncommon and deficits can vary depending on the degree of involvement of surrounding structures. Unlike other vascular malformations, CM is not encapsulated. Therefore, hemorrhages from a CM can extend to involve adjacent brain structures. We present here a rare case of acute hemichorea with conduction aphasia due to hemorrhagic conversion of a CM, its diagnostic work up, and successful therapy. We demonstrate lesion-behavior mapping, combining both structural and functional data to elucidate the pathophysiology of this presentation.","PeriodicalId":91329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurology and neuroscience","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21767/2171-6625.1000272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68070885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000273
Hisashi Ito, Tazuyo Kawaminami, Kayoko Asano, T. Fukunaga, K. Edura, Chiseko Karai, Satsuki Okuma, S. Takeshita, Motokazu Tsutsumi, Y. Tokeshi, T. Itagaki
Background: Unruptured cerebral aneurysms (UCAs) might lead to a poor outcome. However, the previously reported prevalence of UCAs in Japan ranges widely. Method: The objects of this retrospective and hospitalbased study were adult residents of Okinoerabu, a small island in Japan. We performed the examination of the brain with 1.5-Tesla MR angiography (MRA) from December 2017 to May 2018 at Okinoerabu Tokushukai Hospital. We estimated the prevalence of UCAs and investigated the characteristics of UCAs. Results: Thirty UCAs were found in 27 of 356 persons. 3 persons had multiple UCAs. The overall prevalence was 7.6% (Men 7.3%; Women 7.8%). Except for one person, UCAs were identified in those over 50 years old and women in 5th decade showed the highest prevalence (14.3%). More than half of UCAs located in the internal carotid artery (ICA, 56.7%). Most UCAs had a maximum diameter less than 4.9 mm (93.3%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of UCAs in Okinoerabu was comparatively high on Okinoerabu. The characteristics of UCAs were as follows: over 5th decade, in ICA, and smaller than 4.9 mm.
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