Breastfeeding Medicine最新文献

Background: Mothers in the early postpartum period may be negatively affected from the properties of light stimuli in the environment.

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of reduced (medium warm white) light color temperature after cesarean section on the tranquility, breastfeeding motivation, and psychological well-being of postpartum mothers.

Methods: This study was conducted as randomized-controlled experimental research with 80 mothers in their postpartum period between 07.05.2025 and 03.07.2025. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Tranquility Scale (TS), the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), and the Primipara Breastfeeding Motivation Scale. The mothers in the intervention group were exposed to dimmed room light between the first 12 and 24 hours of the postpartum period.

Results: When the intervention and control groups were compared, a significant difference was found between the posttest TS and PWBS mean scores in the intervention group (p < 0.05). The difference between the posttest mean scores of the mothers in the intervention and control groups on the value ascribed to breastfeeding, expectation of success, self-effectiveness, and perceived midwife support subscales of the PBMS was found to be significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: A positive effect of reduced light color temperature after cesarean section on the tranquility, breastfeeding motivation, and psychological well-being of postpartum mothers was found.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of maternal mortality in the United States. While breastfeeding offers long-term protection against maternal cardiovascular disease, its influence on cardiovascular health (CVH) behaviors during the postpartum period remains less understood.

Objective: To conduct a scoping review to understand the extent and nature of evidence regarding infant feeding methods (including direct and indirect breastfeeding) and their relationship to maternal CVH behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sleep, diet, and nicotine exposure) within 2 years postpartum from peer-reviewed quantitative primary research.

Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases searched were MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and CINAHL (EBSCO) on January 2, 2025. Source selection, data charting, and data presentation were conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review checklist. No restrictions were placed on year, language, or geographical region.

Results: This review included 60 studies and 57,489 participants. Postpartum sleep (n = 27) was the most frequently examined CVH behavior, followed by diet (n = 19), nicotine exposure (n = 15), and physical activity (n = 7). Breastfeeding was associated with longer and better quality sleep, higher intake of energy and dietary quality, and a lower likelihood of smoking or smoking relapse. Associations between breastfeeding and sleep efficiency as well as breastfeeding and physical activity were mixed.

Conclusions: Breastfeeding was associated with favorable sleep duration and quality, better diet quality, and healthier smoking behaviors in the postpartum period, whereas significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding breastfeeding and maternal physical activity. The available data suggest infant feeding practices should be considered when promoting CVH during postpartum.

Background: Breastfeeding and Lactation Medicine (BFLM) programs at academic medical centers have the potential to transform the care of lactating people. Our hospital system initiated a BFLM program in 2016, culminating in a division in 2022.

Objectives: To describe the impacts of a multidisciplinary academic BFLM program in its first 8 years.

Methods: We created an outpatient BFLM clinic and support group, increased BFLM and lactation consultant (LC) coverage, dedicated a medical director and nurse manager for lactation, and expanded University-wide education. In 2017, our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) instituted a donor milk program. We started an in-person fellowship in 2017 and a virtual fellowship program in 2022. In 2019, we founded a lactation research consortium. These services coalesced to form the first Division of Breastfeeding and Lactation Medicine in 2022. We tracked our impact using process outcomes (numbers of providers, visits, grants) and patient outcomes (breastfeeding rates). Simple frequencies and p-control charts were used to track access to care and breastfeeding outcomes.

Results: From 2016 to 2024, we increased inpatient and outpatient care by BFLM providers and LCs. Breastfeeding rates on the postpartum floors increased by 7% between 2016 and 2024 (p < 0.01). In the NICU, there was a trend toward increased patients receiving any breastmilk and discharged receiving any maternal milk. Challenges included staff training, reimbursement, medical record infrastructure, and creating/accessing accurate data reports.

Conclusion: A multidisciplinary BFLM program at a large academic medical center showed promise for improving patient access to care and breastfeeding outcomes.

Background: Early introduction of complementary foods (CF) before 4 months of age is associated with potential negative health outcomes for infants and is not nutritionally necessary prior to 6 months. This study examined trends in the introduction of CF prior to 4 months and prior to 6 months among U.S. children.

Methods: This study utilized National Survey of Children's Health data from 2016 to 2023, pooling data into 2-year increments. The analytic sample was restricted to children aged 9 months to 1 year old living with a biological or adopted mother. CF introduction before 4 months and before 6 months of age were constructed as binary indicators. Percent change in demographic characteristics was calculated alongside descriptive statistics to examine time trends in population characteristics between 2016/2017 and 2022/2023. Data were weighted to be nationally representative.

Results: Between 2016/2017 and 2022/2023, the percentage of infants introduced to CF before 4 months decreased from 11.6% (95% CI: 0.09, 0.14) to 6.0% (95% CI: 0.05, 0.07), a 48.1% percentage reduction. Similarly, CF introduction before 6 months decreased from 43.1% (95% CI: 0.39, 0.46) to 30.7% (95% CI: 0.28, 0.32); a 28.9% percentage reduction. These decreases were accompanied by increases in mothers who were older, had higher education, and were in higher-income households.

Conclusion: The United States has seen a decrease in the introduction of CF prior to 4 months and prior to 6 months. While this trend is promising, clinicians should consider providing additional education to parents on assessing infant readiness for CF and the importance of introducing CF at approximately 6 months of age.

Background: Donated human milk (DHM) is vital for nutrition of preterm and critically ill infants when the mother's own milk is unavailable. For safety reasons, DHM is routinely pasteurized and stored frozen. The impact of storage duration and temperature on the stability of its nutritional values has not been sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of macronutrients and energy content in pasteurized DHM stored at -30°C and -80°C over a 12-month period.

Methods: Pasteurized DHM samples from ten single-donor pools were divided into aliquots and stored at -30°C and -80°C. Nutritional value analyses were performed at baseline (pre-pasteurization) and at predetermined monthly intervals for one year using a human milk analyzer MIRIS HMA^TM (Miris AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Stability was assessed by comparing changes in macronutrients and energy content over time and between storage temperatures. Data were analyzed using statistical software MedCalc (version 14.12.0, MedCalc, Ostend, Belgium) with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Macronutrient values remained stable throughout the study period. No statistically significant differences were observed, regardless of the storage temperature, except for protein concentration in samples stored at -80°C (p = 0.039). Given the low protein values (median at all measurement points was 1.0 or 1.1 g/100 mL), this difference is not considered clinically relevant. No significant differences in macronutrients or energy content were found between samples stored at -30°C and -80°C over the same period.

Conclusion: The nutritional values of pasteurized DHM are preserved for up to 12 months just as well at -30° C as at -80°C.

Background: Diaper dermatitis (DD) is a common inflammatory skin condition in infants, typically managed with supportive care and anti-inflammatory treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical breast milk combined with zinc oxide versus zinc oxide alone in treating DD in infants.

Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Bahrami Children's Hospital from 2022 to 2023. Forty-two infants with clinically diagnosed DD were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group received 25% zinc oxide ointment, while the case group received 25% zinc oxide combined with topical breast milk. Both treatments were applied for 7 consecutive days. The severity of DD was assessed daily using the Buckley Diaper Dermatitis Severity Scale, and lesion improvement was documented.

Results: The mean age of the infants was 2.93 ± 7.41 months, and 52.4% were male. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in baseline characteristics. Complete and partial recovery rates in the case group were 61.9% and 38.1%, respectively, compared to 66.6% and 19.1% in the control group. Notably, no non-responders were found in the case group, while 14.3% in the control group showed no response to treatment. The case group experienced faster lesion resolution (2.52 ± 0.67 days vs. 3.28 ± 1.14 days, p = 0.012).

Conclusion: Topical breast milk combined with zinc oxide may reduce recovery time in treating diaper dermatitis. This approach is safe, cost-effective, and accessible. Larger randomized trials are needed to confirm these results and establish standardized treatment protocols.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of listening to music, including nature sounds, on mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy in the postpartum period and on their exclusive breastfeeding behaviors before discharge.

Method: This quasi-experimental study with a control group was conducted between April 2024 and October 2024. The mothers in the music group (n = 55) listened to 30 minutes of instrumental music, including nature sounds, at 6 and 12 hours postpartum in addition to the standard breastfeeding counseling, while the mothers in the control group (n = 64) received only standard breastfeeding counseling. Measurements were made using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). The exclusive breastfeeding rate was determined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Differences between groups were analyzed using the chi-square and independent samples t tests.

Results: The mean score obtained from the BSES-SF by the participants in the music group before discharge was significantly higher (63.65 ± 4.91) than that obtained by the participants in the control group (56.07 ± 7.08) (p = 0.017; Cohen's d = 1.23). The exclusive breastfeeding rate was significantly higher in the music group (65.5%) than it was in the control group (26.6%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Music therapy, including nature sounds, increased mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy levels and exclusive breastfeeding rates. Integration of music-based interventions into postpartum care is recommended since it is a clinically applicable, low-cost, and non-invasive support method.

Background: Breast pumps can support breastfeeding continuation in the United States, where federal law permits only 12 weeks of unpaid maternity leave. Despite widespread use, research on individuals' experiences with breast pumps is limited.

Methods: An interdisciplinary research team developed a cross-sectional Qualtrics survey to explore the perspectives of breast pump users in the United States. Participants were recruited online over a 30-day period in 2021. Descriptive statistics summarized breast pump attributes valued by users, while open-ended responses were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: A total of 641 participants completed 906 pump evaluations. Respondents were located across the United States, with the majority from the Midwest (42%) and South (29%). Most participants were non-Hispanic White (85%) and highly educated (60% held a master's or doctoral degree). Eight thematic categories with positive, negative, and neutral/mixed experiences emerged: flange fit (user cited need for better sizing guidance and access to multiple sizes), mobility (wearable pumps improved flexibility; electric pumps required accessories for hands-free use), cost and insurance (coverage often excluded replacement parts or alternate flanges), efficacy (some pumps emptied breasts efficiently, others lacked adjustable suction or cycle), longevity (durability was valued for frequent use), manufacturer support (experiences from helpful to inadequate information available to maximize pump efficacy and fit), noise (quiet pumps were preferred), and discomfort (proper fit reduced pain, though soreness and nipple trauma were reported).

Conclusions: Centering users' experiences can inform improvements in pump design, insurance coverage, and professional support to reduce barriers to breast milk expression and promote breastfeeding success.