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Brain Mechanisms Explaining Postural Imbalance in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. 解释脑外伤姿势失衡的大脑机制:系统综述。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0064
Zaeem Hadi, Mohammad Mahmud, Barry M Seemungal

Introduction: Persisting imbalance and falls in community-dwelling traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors are linked to reduced long-term survival. However, a detailed understanding of the impact of TBI upon the brain mechanisms mediating imbalance is lacking. To understand the state of the art concerning the brain mechanisms mediating imbalance in TBI, we performed a systematic review of the literature. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched and peer-reviewed research articles in humans, with any severity of TBI (mild, moderate, severe, or concussion), which linked a postural balance assessment (objective or subjective) with brain imaging (through computed tomography, T1-weighted imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI], resting-state fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, single-photon emission computed tomography, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, near-infrared spectroscopy, and evoked potentials) were included. Out of 1940 articles, 60 were retrieved and screened, and 25 articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. Results: The most consistent finding was the link between imbalance and the cerebellum; however, the regions within the cerebellum were inconsistent. Discussion: The lack of consistent findings could reflect that imbalance in TBI is due to a widespread brain network dysfunction, as opposed to focal cortical damage. The inconsistency in the reported findings may also be attributed to heterogeneity of methodology, including data analytical techniques, small sample sizes, and choice of control groups. Future studies should include a detailed clinical phenotyping of vestibular function in TBI patients to account for the confounding effect of peripheral vestibular disorders on imbalance and brain imaging.

居住在社区的创伤性脑损伤(TBI)幸存者持续失衡和跌倒与长期存活率降低有关。然而,人们对创伤性脑损伤对介导失衡的大脑机制的影响还缺乏详细的了解。为了了解介导创伤性脑损伤失衡的大脑机制的最新进展,我们对文献进行了系统性回顾。我们检索了 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus,并纳入了同行评议的研究文章,这些文章涉及任何严重程度的创伤性脑损伤(轻度、中度、重度或脑震荡)的人类,将姿势平衡评估(客观或主观)与脑成像(通过 CT、T1 加权成像、fMRI、静息态 fMRI、DTI、MRS、SPECT、EEG、MEG、NIRS 和诱发电位)联系起来。在 1940 篇文章中,检索并筛选出 60 篇,其中 25 篇符合纳入标准。最一致的发现是失衡与小脑之间的联系,但小脑内的区域并不一致。缺乏一致的研究结果可能反映出,创伤性脑损伤中的失衡是由于广泛的大脑网络功能障碍造成的,而非局灶性皮质损伤。报告结果的不一致也可能是由于方法的不一致,包括数据分析技术、样本量小以及对照组的选择。未来的研究应包括对创伤性脑损伤患者前庭功能进行详细的临床表型分析,以考虑外周前庭疾病对失衡和脑成像的混杂影响。
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引用次数: 0
Electroencephalogram-Based Metastability in Mild Cognitive Impairment Alzheimer's Disease. 轻度认知障碍阿尔茨海默病的脑电转移性。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0041
Surya Das, Subha D Puthankattil

Background: In this study, we analyze metastability, a feature of brain dynamics in subjects experiencing mild cognitive impairment Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD) under eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a critically prolonged brain disorder that interrupts neural synchronization and desynchronization. Thus, studying metastability under EO and EC conditions would help in understanding the cortical dynamics and its impact in early-stage AD. Methods: Metastability is investigated using three methods namely frequency variance analysis, Kuramoto order parameter, and through meta-state activation patterns. Frequency variance estimated from 21 electroencephalogram (EEG) channels was clustered into three regions namely anterior, central, and posterior to study the regional metastability analysis. Global metastability was assessed from Kuramoto order parameter and meta-state activation patterns by collating the 21 EEG channels. Results: Reduction in metastability was observed in central regions of MCI-AD subjects through the study of frequency variance analysis. There was a marked reduction in global metastability in the patient group under the resting EO condition. Reduction in meta-state activation properties such as temporal activation sequence complexity, modularity, and leap size in MCI-AD condition under the EO condition indicates an overall reduction in brain flexibility. Conclusion: Taken together, the study infers an underlying structural change in neuronal dynamics influencing the reduction of metastability under the MCI-AD condition. The study further revealed that this reduction in metastability is more pronounced in the EO condition.

背景:目前的研究分析了轻度认知障碍阿尔茨海默病(MCI-AD)受试者在睁眼(EO)和闭眼(EC)条件下的脑动力学特征——转移性。阿尔茨海默病是一种严重延长的大脑疾病,通过神经同步和去同步的变化来改变大脑连接。当大脑的时间动力学导致功能连接模式发生变化时,就会出现转移状态。因此,研究EO和EC下的转移性将有助于了解皮层动力学及其在早期阿尔茨海默病中的影响。方法:本研究采用频率方差分析、Kuramoto阶参数和元态激活模式三种方法估计亚稳态。将21个脑电信道的频率方差分为前、中、后三个区域进行区域转移性分析。通过整理21个EEG通道,从Kuramoto阶参数和元状态激活模式评估全局亚稳态。结果:通过频率方差分析,MCI-AD患者的中心区域的转移性降低。在静息EO条件下,患者组的整体转移性显著降低。EO条件下MCI-AD条件下的元状态激活特性(如TAS复杂性、模块性和跳跃大小)的降低表明大脑灵活性的总体降低。结论:总之,该研究推断了MCI-AD条件下影响转移性降低的神经元动力学的潜在结构变化。研究进一步表明,这种亚稳态的降低在EO条件下更为明显。
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引用次数: 0
Reduced White Matter Fiber Density in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. 多发性硬化症患者白质纤维密度降低。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0068
Zeinab Gharaylou, Fatemeh Shahbodaghy, Pirhossein Kolivand, Maryam Kolivand, Fatemeh Azizzadeh, Masoumeh Rostampour

Introduction: Improved understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptomatology, disease mechanisms, and clinical effectiveness can be achieved by investigating microstructural damage. The aim was to gain deeper insights into changes in white matter (WM) tracts in MS patients. Methods: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-based tractography was utilized to segment WM tracts into regions of interest for further quantitative analysis. However, tractography is susceptible to false-positive findings, reducing its specificity and clinical feasibility. To address these limitations, the Convex Optimization Modeling for Microstructure Informed Tractography (COMMIT) technique was used. COMMIT was used to derive measures of intracellular compartment (IC) and isotropic compartments from multishell diffusion data of 40 healthy controls (HCs) and 40 MS patients. Results: The analysis revealed a widespread pattern of significantly decreased IC values in MS patients compared with HCs across 61,581 voxels (pFWE < 0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement [TFCE] corrected). Similar WM structures studied using the fractional anisotropy (FA) value also showed a reduction in FA among MS patients compared with HCs across 57,304 voxels (pFWE < 0.05, TFCE corrected). Out of the 61,581 voxels exhibiting lower IC, a substantial overlap of 47,251 voxels (76.72%) also demonstrated lower FA in MS patients compared with HCs. Discussion: The data suggested that lower IC values contributed to the explanation of FA reductions. In addition, IC showed promising potential for evaluating microstructural abnormalities in WM in MS, potentially being more sensitive than the frequently used FA value.

导言:通过研究微结构损伤,可以加深对多发性硬化症(MS)症状学、疾病机制和临床疗效的理解。本研究旨在深入了解多发性硬化症患者白质(WM)束的变化:方法:利用基于弥散磁共振成像的束成像技术将白质束分割成感兴趣的区域,以便进一步进行定量分析。然而,束成像容易出现假阳性结果,降低了其特异性和临床可行性。为了解决这些局限性,研究人员采用了微结构知情束成像凸面优化建模(COMMIT)技术。COMMIT 用于从 40 名健康对照组(HCs)和 40 名多发性硬化症患者的多壳体扩散数据中得出细胞内(IC)和各向同性(ISO)分区的测量值:分析结果显示,与健康对照组相比,多发性硬化症患者的IC值在61,581个体素上普遍明显下降(pFWE < 0.05,TFCE校正)。使用分数各向异性(FA)值研究的类似WM结构也显示,在57,304个体素上,多发性硬化症患者的FA值与普通人相比有所降低(pFWE < 0.05,TFCE校正)。在显示较低 IC 值的 61,581 个体素中,有 47,251 个体素(76.72%)也显示 MS 患者的 FA 值低于 HC 患者:讨论:数据表明,较低的IC值有助于解释FA降低的原因。此外,IC在评估多发性硬化症患者WM微结构异常方面显示出良好的潜力,其灵敏度可能高于常用的FA值。
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing the Visual Cortex Function in Cognitive Task-Induced Mental Load: An Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. 认知任务诱发心理负担时视觉皮层功能的特征:fMRI研究
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0049
Monireh Mahjoob, Javad Heravian Shandiz, Ali Mirzajani, Maryam Behboodi, Hamid Sharini, Neda Nakhjavanpour, Ali Foroutannia

Introduction: The mental load caused by simultaneous multitasking can affect visual information processing and reduce its ability. This study investigated the effect of mental load caused by cognitive tasks simultaneously with visual task on the number of active voxels in the visual cortex. Methods: This study recruited 22 individuals with a mean age of 24.72 ± 5.47 years. 3-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine the functions of the visual cortex and amygdala region during three different task conditions: visual task alone, visual task with an auditory n-back task, and visual task with an arithmetic task. The visual stimuli consisted of Gabor patches with a contrast of 55% at spatial frequencies of 0.25, 4, and 9 cycles per degree (cpd). These were presented in three trials of eight blocks with a stimulation time of 12 sec and a rest time of 14 sec. Results: Activated brain voxels in the primary, secondary, and associated visual cortex areas were reduced in response to the mental load imposed by the n-back and arithmetic tasks. This reduction was greater for a spatial frequency of 0.25 cpd in the n-back task condition and spatial frequency of 9 cpd in the arithmetic task condition. In addition, the amygdala was stimulated in 2-back task and arithmetic task conditions. Conclusions: This study revealed a decline in the number of activated voxels of the visual cortex due to the mental load caused by simultaneous cognitive tasks, confirming the findings of previous psychophysical studies.

前言多任务同时进行所造成的心理负担会影响视觉信息处理并降低其能力。本研究探讨了认知任务与视觉任务同时进行所造成的精神负担对视觉皮层活跃体素数量的影响:方法:本研究共招募了 22 人,平均年龄(24.72±5.47)岁。研究使用3特斯拉功能磁共振成像(fMRI)检查了在三种不同任务条件下视觉皮层和杏仁核区的功能:单独视觉任务、视觉任务与听觉n-back任务、视觉任务与算术任务。视觉刺激由对比度为 55% 的 Gabor 补丁组成,空间频率分别为 0.25、4 和 9 次/度(cpd)。这些刺激以三次试验八个区块的方式呈现,刺激时间为 12 毫秒,休息时间为 14 毫秒:结果:初级、次级和相关视觉皮层区域的激活脑体素在 N 回和算术任务造成的心理负担下有所减少。在正向后退任务条件下,空间频率为 0.25 cpd,而在算术任务条件下,空间频率为 9 cpd 时,这种降低幅度更大。此外,在2-back任务和算术任务条件下,杏仁核也受到了刺激:本研究揭示了由于同时进行认知任务所造成的精神负担导致的视觉皮层激活体素数量的下降,证实了之前心理物理学研究的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Increased Thalamic Connectivity in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Based on Electroencephalography Source-Level Analysis. 基于脑电图源水平分析的幼年肌阵挛性癫痫丘脑连接性增加。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0084
Dong Ah Lee, Sung Eun Kim, Kang Min Park

Background: This study investigated alterations in the intrinsic thalamic network of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) based on an electroencephalography (EEG) source-level analysis. Materials and Methods: We enrolled patients newly diagnosed with JME as well as healthy controls. The assessments were conducted in the resting state. We computed sources based on the scalp electrical potentials using a minimum-norm imaging method and a standardized, low-resolution, brain electromagnetic tomography approach. To create a functional connectivity matrix, we used the Talairach atlas to define thalamic nodes and applied the coherence method to measure brain synchronization as edges. We then calculated the intrinsic thalamic network using graph theory. We compared the intrinsic thalamic network of patients with JME with those of healthy controls. Results: This study included 67 patients with JME and 66 healthy controls. EEG source-level analysis revealed significant differences in the intrinsic thalamic networks between patients with JME and healthy controls. The measures of functional connectivity (radius, diameter, and characteristic path length) were significantly lower in patients with JME than in healthy controls (radius: 2.769 vs. 3.544, p = 0.015; diameter: 4.464 vs. 5.443, p = 0.024; and characteristic path length: 2.248 vs. 2.616, p = 0.046). Conclusions: We demonstrated alterations in the intrinsic thalamic network in patients with JME compared with those in healthy controls based on the EEG source-level analysis. These findings indicated increased thalamic connectivity in the JME group. These intrinsic thalamic network changes may be related to the pathophysiology of JME.

背景:本研究基于脑电图(EEG)源水平分析,探讨了幼年肌阵挛性癫痫(JME)患者丘脑固有网络的改变:本研究基于脑电图(EEG)源水平分析,研究了幼年肌阵挛性癫痫(JME)患者丘脑固有网络的改变:我们招募了新确诊的 JME 患者和健康对照组。评估在静息状态下进行。我们使用最小规范成像法和标准化低分辨率脑电磁断层成像法计算头皮电位源。为了创建功能连接矩阵,我们使用塔莱拉赫图集定义丘脑节点,并应用相干性方法测量大脑同步边缘。然后,我们利用图论计算丘脑固有网络。我们将JME患者的丘脑固有网络与健康对照组的丘脑固有网络进行了比较:这项研究包括 67 名 JME 患者和 66 名健康对照者。脑电图源水平分析显示,JME患者与健康对照组的丘脑固有网络存在显著差异。JME患者的功能连接度量(半径、直径和特征路径长度)明显低于健康对照组(半径:2.769 vs. 3.544,p=0.015;直径:4.464 vs. 5.443,p=0.024;特征路径长度:2.248 vs. 2.616,p=0.046):基于脑电图源水平分析,我们发现JME患者丘脑固有网络与健康对照组相比发生了改变。这些研究结果表明,JME 组丘脑连通性增加。这些丘脑固有网络的变化可能与JME的病理生理学有关。
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引用次数: 0
Direct Inside-Out Observation of Superficial White Matter Fasciculi in the Human Brain. 直接从内向外观察人脑表层白质筋膜。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0050
Guillaume Dannhoff, Alex Morichon, Mykyta Smirnov, Laurent Barantin, Christophe Destrieux, Igor Lima Maldonado

Background: Recent methodological advances in the study of the cerebral white matter have left short association fibers relatively underexplored due to their compact and juxtacortical nature, which represent significant challenges for both post-mortem post-cortex removal dissection and magnetic resonance-based diffusion imaging. Objective: To introduce a novel inside-out post-mortem fiber dissection technique to assess short association fiber anatomy. Methods: Six cerebral specimens were obtained from a body donation program and underwent fixation in formalin. Following two freezing and thawing cycles, a standardized protocol involving peeling fibers from deep structures towards the cortex was developed. Results: The inside-out technique effectively exposed the superficial white matter. The procedure revealed distinguishable intergyral fibers, demonstrating their dissectability and enabling the identification of their orientation. The assessment of layer thickness was possible through direct observation and ex vivo morphological magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: The inside-out fiber technique effectively demonstrates intergyral association fibers in the post-mortem human brain. It adds to the neuroscience armamentarium, overcoming methodological obstacles and offering an anatomical substrate essential for neural circuit modeling and the evaluation of neuroimaging congruence. Impact statement The inside-out fiber dissection technique enables a totally new perception of cerebral connectivity as the observer navigates inside the parenchyma and looks toward the cerebral surface with the subcortical white matter and the cortical mantle in place. This approach has proven very effective for exposing intergyral association fibers, which have shown to be much more distinguishable from an inner perspective. It gave rise to unprecedented images of the human superficial white matter and allowed, for the first time, direct observation of this vast mantle of fascicles on entire cerebral hemisphere aspects.

尽管对人类大脑白质的研究取得了进展,但对短联合纤维的研究仍然不足,因为其紧凑和并皮质的特点阻碍了对其解剖结构的进一步了解。基于磁共振的弥散成像和尸体皮层切除后的解剖在研究表层白质时都遇到了很大的困难。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种由内而外的纤维解剖技术,以评估人脑中短关联纤维的解剖结构。这些纤维的深层可从相邻的筋膜中剥离,这为通过直接观察来描述人类浅层结构连接提供了一个独特的机会。这项技术为神经科学增添了新的手段,规避了严重的方法学障碍,为神经回路建模提供了必要的解剖学基础,并验证了浅层白质的扩散成像。
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引用次数: 0
Increased Segregation in Functional Connectivity Networks When Watching Unpleasant Arousing Videos: A Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction Analysis. 观看令人不快的刺激性视频时,功能连接网络中的分隔增加:gPPI 分析
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0048
Yuqian Ni, Xia Zheng, Richard Betzel, Thomas W James

Background: Properties of functional connectivity (FC), such as network integration and segregation, are shown to be associated with various human behaviors. For example, Godwin et al. and Sun et al. found increased integration with attention allocation, whereas Cohen and D'Esposito and Shine et al. observed increased segregation with simple motor tasks. The current study investigated how viewing video clips with different valence and arousal influenced integration-segregation properties in task-based FC networks. Methods: We analyzed an open dataset collected by Kim et al. We performed a generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis paired with network analysis and community detection to investigate changes in brain network dynamics when people watched four types of videos that differed by affective valence (unpleasant or pleasant) and arousal (arousing or calm). Results: Results showed that unpleasant arousing videos produced greater FC deviation from the baseline (task-induced FC deviation [tiFCd]) and perturbed the brain into a more segregated state than other kinds of video. Increased segregation was only observed in association systems, not sensorimotor systems. Discussion: Unpleasant arousing content perturbed the brain to a functionally distinct state from the other three types of affective videos. We suggest that the change in brain state was related to people disengaging from the unpleasant arousing content or, alternatively, staying alert while exposed to unpleasant arousing stimuli. The study also added to our understanding of how combining task-based gPPI analysis with community detection methods and network segregation measures can advance our knowledge of the links between behavior and brain state changes. Impact statement Network integration and segregation is an important property of the human brain. We address the question of how affective stimuli influence brain dynamics from a functional connectivity (FC) network integration-segregation perspective. By conducting a whole-brain generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis paired with community detection methods, we found that highly aversive video content induced significant FC changes and perturbed the brain to a more segregated state.

背景:功能连通性(FC)的特性,如网络整合和分离,被证明与人类的各种行为有关。例如,Godwin 等人(2015 年)和 Sun 等人(2020 年)发现,注意力分配增加了整合性,而 Cohen 和 D'Esposito (2016 年)以及 Shine 等人(2016 年)观察到,简单运动任务增加了分离性。本研究调查了观看不同情绪和唤醒度的视频短片如何影响基于任务的FC网络的整合-分离特性:我们分析了 Kim 等人(2016 年)收集的开放数据集。方法:我们分析了Kim等人(2016年)收集的公开数据集,并结合网络分析和群落检测进行了gPPI分析,以研究人们在观看四种不同情感价位(不愉快或愉快)和唤醒(唤醒或平静)的视频时大脑网络动态的变化:结果表明,与其他类型的视频相比,令人不愉快的唤醒视频会产生更大的 FC 偏离基线(tiFCd),并扰乱大脑进入更加分离的状态。仅在联想系统中观察到分离增加,而在感觉运动系统中未观察到:讨论:令人不快的唤醒内容会扰乱大脑,使其进入与其他三种情感视频不同的功能状态。我们认为,大脑状态的变化与人们脱离令人不快的唤醒内容有关,或者说,与人们在接触令人不快的唤醒刺激时保持警惕有关。这项研究还让我们进一步了解了如何将基于任务的 gPPI 分析与群落检测方法和网络隔离措施相结合,从而增进我们对行为与大脑状态变化之间联系的了解。
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引用次数: 0
A Method to Estimate Longitudinal Change Patterns in Functional Network Connectivity of the Developing Brain Relevant to Psychiatric Problems, Cognition, and Age. 一种估算与精神问题、认知和年龄有关的发育中大脑功能网络连接纵向变化模式的方法。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0040
Rekha Saha, Debbrata K Saha, Md Abdur Rahaman, Zening Fu, Jingyu Liu, Vince D Calhoun
<p><p><b><i>Aim:</i></b> To develop an approach to evaluate multiple overlapping brain functional change patterns (FCPs) in functional network connectivity (FNC) and apply to study developmental changes in brain function. <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> FNC, the network analog of functional connectivity (FC), is commonly used to capture the intrinsic functional relationships among brain networks. Ongoing research on longitudinal changes of intrinsic FC across whole-brain functional networks has proven useful for characterizing age-related changes, but to date, there has been little focus on capturing multivariate patterns of FNC change with brain development. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this article, we introduce a novel approach to evaluate multiple overlapping FCPs by utilizing FNC matrices. We computed FNC matrices from the large-scale Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development data using fully automated spatially constrained independent component analysis (ICA). We next evaluated changes in these patterns for a 2-year period using a second-level ICA on the FNC change maps. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our proposed approach reveals several highly structured (modular) FCPs and significant results including strong brain FC between visual and sensorimotor domains that increase with age. We also find several FCPs that are associated with longitudinal changes of psychiatric problems, cognition, and age in the developing brain. Interestingly, FCP cross-covariation, reflecting coupling between maximally independent FCPs, also shows significant differences between upper and lower quartile loadings for longitudinal changes in age, psychiatric problems, and cognition scores, as well as baseline age in the developing brain. FCP patterns and results were also found to be highly reliable based on analysis of data collected in a separate scan session. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In sum, our results show evidence of consistent multivariate patterns of functional change in emerging adolescents and the proposed approach provides a useful and general tool to evaluate covarying patterns of whole-brain functional changes in longitudinal data. Impact statement In this article, we introduce a novel approach utilizing functional network connectivity (FNC) matrices to estimate multiple overlapping brain functional change patterns (FCPs). The findings demonstrate several well-structured FCPs that exhibit significant changes for a 2-year period, particularly in the functional connectivity between the visual and sensorimotor domains. In addition, we discover several FCPs that are associated with psychopathology, cognition, and age. Finally, our proposed approach for studying age-related FCPs represents a pioneering method that provides a valuable tool for assessing interconnected patterns of whole-brain functional changes in longitudinal data and may be useful to study change over time with applicability to many other areas, including the study of longitudinal changes within diagnostic g
目的:开发一种在功能网络连通性(FNC)中评估多个重叠的大脑功能变化模式(FCPs)的方法,并将其应用于研究大脑功能的发育变化:功能网络连通性是功能连通性的网络类似物,通常用于捕捉大脑网络之间的内在功能关系。对全脑功能网络内在功能连通性纵向变化的持续研究已被证明有助于描述与年龄有关的变化,但迄今为止,人们很少关注捕捉 FNC 随大脑发育而变化的多变量模式:本文介绍了一种利用 FNC 矩阵评估多个重叠 FCP 的新方法。我们利用全自动空间约束独立成分分析(ICA)从大规模青少年大脑和认知发展(ABCD)数据中计算出FNC矩阵。接下来,我们在 FNC 变化图上使用二级 ICA 评估了这些模式在两年内的变化:结果:我们提出的方法揭示了几种高度结构化(模块化)的功能变化模式和重要结果,包括视觉(VS)和感觉运动(SM)领域之间强大的大脑功能连接,这种连接随着年龄的增长而增加。我们还发现了几个与发育中大脑的精神问题、认知和年龄的纵向变化相关的FCP。有趣的是,反映最大独立 FCP 之间耦合的 FCP 交叉协变也显示出年龄、精神问题和认知分数以及发育中大脑基线年龄纵向变化的上下四分位数载荷之间的显著差异。根据对单独扫描过程中收集的数据进行的分析,还发现 FCP 模式和结果具有高度可靠性:总之,我们的研究结果表明,新兴青少年的功能变化具有一致的多变量模式,所提出的方法为评估纵向数据中全脑功能变化的共变模式提供了有用的通用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Coupling Between Human Brain Cortical Thickness and Glucose Metabolism from Regional to Connective Level: A Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. 从区域到结缔水平的人脑皮质厚度与葡萄糖代谢之间的耦合:PET/MRI 研究。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0070
Qi Huang, Yihong Yang, Na Qi, Yihui Guan, Jun Zhao, Fengchun Hua, Shuhua Ren, Fang Xie

Background: Balance between brain structure and function is implicated in aging and many brain disorders. This study aimed to investigate the coupling between brain structure and function using 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: One hundred thirty-eight subjects who underwent brain 18F-FDG PET/MRI were recruited. The structural and functional coupling at the regional level was explored by calculating within-subject Spearman's correlation between glucose metabolism (GluM) and cortical thickness (CTh) across the cortex for each subject, which was then correlated with age to explore its physiological effects. Then, subjects were divided into groups of middle-aged and young adults and older adults (OAs); structural connectivity (SC) based on CTh and functional connectivity (FC) based on GluM were constructed for the two groups, respectively, followed by exploring the connective-level structural and functional coupling on SC and FC matrices. The global and local efficiency values of the brain SC and FC were also evaluated. Results: Of the subjects, 97.83% exhibited a significant negative correlation between regional CTh and GluM (r = -0.24 to -0.71, p < 0.05, FDR correction), and this CTh-GluM correlation was negatively correlated with age (R = -0.35, p < 0.001). For connectivity matrices, many regions showed positive correlation between SC and FC, especially in the OA group. Besides, FC exhibited denser connections than SC, resulting in both higher global and local efficiency, but lower global efficiency when the network size was corrected. Conclusions: This study found couplings between CTh and GluM at both regional and connective levels, which reflected the aging progress, and might provide new insight into brain disorders. Impact statement The intricate interplay between brain structures and functions plays a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities inherent in the aging process and the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. This study revealed that 97.83% subjects showed negative correlation between the brain's regional cortical thickness and glucose metabolism, while at the connective level, many regions showed positive correlations between structural and functional connectivity. The observed coupling at the regional and connective levels reflected physiological progress, such as aging, and provides insights into the brain mechanisms and potential implications for the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders.

背景:大脑结构和功能之间的平衡与衰老和许多脑部疾病有关。本研究旨在使用 18F-FDG PET/MRI 研究大脑结构与功能之间的耦合。通过计算每个受试者整个皮层的 GluM(葡萄糖代谢)和皮层厚度(CTh)之间的受试者内 Spearman 相关性,探讨区域水平的结构和功能耦合,然后将其与年龄相关联,以探讨其生理效应。然后将受试者分为中青年组(MYA)和老年人组(OA)。分别构建了基于 CTh 的结构连通性(SC)和基于 GluM 的功能连通性(FC)矩阵。此外,还对大脑 SC 和 FC 的整体和局部效率进行了评估:结果:97.83%的受试者的区域 CTh 与 GluM 呈显著负相关(r = -0.24 至 -0.71,p):本研究发现 CTh 和 GluM 在区域和结缔水平上都存在耦合,这反映了衰老的进程,并可能为脑部疾病提供新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in Resting-State Networks in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency. 生长激素缺乏症儿童静息态网络的变化。
IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0059
Ju-Rong Ding, Chenyu Feng, Hui Zhang, Yuan Li, Zhiling Tang, Qiang Chen, Xin Ding, Mei Wang, Zhongxiang Ding

Purpose: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) refers to the partial or complete lack of growth hormone. Short stature and slow growth are characteristic of patients with GHD. Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested that GHD may cause cognitive and behavioral impairments in patients. Resting-state networks (RSNs) are regions of the brain that exhibit synchronous activity and are closely related to our cognition and behavior. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to explore cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in children with GHD by investigating changes in RSNs. Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of 26 children with GHD and 15 healthy controls (HCs) were obtained. Independent component analysis was used to identify seven RSNs from rs-fMRI data. Group differences in RSNs were estimated using two-sample t-tests. Correlation analysis was employed to investigate the associations among the areas of difference and clinical measures. Results: Compared with HCs, children with GHD had significant differences in the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), language network (LN), and sensorimotor network (SMN). Moreover, within the SN, the functional connectivity (FC) value of the right posterior supramarginal gyrus was negatively correlated with the adrenocorticotropic hormone and the FC value of the left anterior inferior parietal gyrus was positively correlated with insulin-like growth factor 1. Conclusions: These results suggest that alterations in RSNs may account for abnormal cognition and behavior in children with GHD, such as decreased motor function, language withdrawal, anxiety, and social anxiety. These findings provide neuroimaging support for uncovering the pathophysiological mechanisms of GHD in children. Impact statement Children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) generally experience cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. However, there are few neuroimaging studies on children with GHD. Moreover, prior research has not investigated the aberrant brain function in patients with GHD from the perspective of brain functional networks. Therefore, this study employed the independent component analysis method to investigate alterations within seven commonly observed resting-state networks due to GHD. The results showed that children with GHD had significant differences in the salience network, default mode network, language network, and sensorimotor network. This provides neuroimaging support for revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms of GHD in children.

目的 生长激素缺乏症(GHD)是指部分或完全缺乏生长激素。身材矮小和生长缓慢是 GHD 患者的特征。以往的神经影像学研究表明,GHD可能会导致患者出现认知和行为障碍。静息态网络(RSN)是大脑中表现出同步活动的区域,与我们的认知和行为密切相关。因此,本研究旨在通过研究RSNs的变化,探讨GHD患儿的认知和行为异常。方法 收集了 26 名 GHD 儿童和 15 名健康对照者的静息态 fMRI(rs-fMRI)数据。采用独立成分分析法从 rs-fMRI 数据中识别出七个 RSN。使用双样本 t 检验估计 RSN 的组间差异。相关分析用于研究差异区域与临床指标之间的关联。结果 与健康对照组相比,GHD患儿在显著性网络(SN)、默认模式网络(DMN)、语言网络(LN)和感觉运动网络(SMN)方面存在显著差异。此外,GHD患儿的右侧后顶叶回与促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)呈负相关,而左侧前顶叶下回与胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)呈正相关。结论 这些结果表明,RSN 的改变可能是 GHD 儿童认知和行为异常的原因,如运动功能下降、语言退缩、焦虑和社交焦虑。这些发现为揭示 GHD 儿童的病理生理机制提供了神经影像学支持。
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Brain connectivity
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