Background: With an aging population, the prevalence of neurological disorders is increasing, leading to a rise in lower limb movement disorders and, in turn, a growing need for rehabilitation training. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown a growing scientific interest in the study of brain mechanisms in robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation (RALLR). Objective: This review aimed to determine differences in neural activity patterns during different RALLR tasks and the impact on neurofunctional plasticity. Methods: Sixty-five articles in the field of RALLR were selected and tested using three brain function detection technologies. Results: Most studies have focused on changes in activity in various regions of the cerebral cortex during different lower limb rehabilitation tasks but have also increasingly focused on functional changes in other cortical and deep subcortical structures. Our analysis also revealed a neglect of certain task types. Conclusion: We identify and discuss future research directions that may contribute to a clear understanding of neural functional plasticity under different RALLR tasks.
{"title":"State of the Art of Brain Function Detection Technologies in Robot-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation.","authors":"Duojin Wang, Yihe Wu, Hongliu Yu","doi":"10.1089/brain.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> With an aging population, the prevalence of neurological disorders is increasing, leading to a rise in lower limb movement disorders and, in turn, a growing need for rehabilitation training. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown a growing scientific interest in the study of brain mechanisms in robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation (RALLR). <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This review aimed to determine differences in neural activity patterns during different RALLR tasks and the impact on neurofunctional plasticity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sixty-five articles in the field of RALLR were selected and tested using three brain function detection technologies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Most studies have focused on changes in activity in various regions of the cerebral cortex during different lower limb rehabilitation tasks but have also increasingly focused on functional changes in other cortical and deep subcortical structures. Our analysis also revealed a neglect of certain task types. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We identify and discuss future research directions that may contribute to a clear understanding of neural functional plasticity under different RALLR tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0066
Shweta Prasad, Archith Rajan, Madhura Ingalhalikar, Rose Dawn Bharath, Jitender Saini, Pramod Kumar Pal
Background: The basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BGTC) and cerebello-thalamocortical (CTC) networks are implicated in tremor genesis; however, exact contributions across disorders have not been studied. Objective: Evaluate the structural connectivity of BGTC and CTC in tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (TDPD) and essential tremor plus (ETP) with the aid of probabilistic tractography and graph theory analysis. Methods: Structural connectomes of the BGTC and CTC were generated by probabilistic tractography for TDPD (n = 25), ETP (ET with rest tremor, n = 25), and healthy control (HC, n = 22). The Brain Connectivity Toolbox was used for computing standard topological graph measures of segregation, integration, and centrality. Tremor severity was ascertained using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale (FTMRS). Results: There was no difference in total FTMRS scores. Compared with HC, TDPD had a lower global efficiency and characteristic path length. Abnormality in segregation, integration, and centrality of bilateral putamen, globus pallidus externa (GPe), and GP interna (GPi), with reduction of centrality of right caudate and cerebellar lobule 8, was observed. ETP showed reduction in segregation and integration of right GPe and GPi, ventrolateral posterior nucleus, and centrality of right putamen, compared with HC. Differences between TDPD and ETP were a reduction of strength of the right putamen, and lower clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and strength of the left GPi in TDPD. Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, TDPD and ETP may not be significantly different with regard to tremor pathogenesis, with definite overlaps. There may be fundamental similarities in network disruption across different tremor disorders with the same tremor activation patterns, along with disease-specific changes.
{"title":"Probabilistic Tractography-Based Tremor Network Connectivity in Tremor Dominant Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor plus.","authors":"Shweta Prasad, Archith Rajan, Madhura Ingalhalikar, Rose Dawn Bharath, Jitender Saini, Pramod Kumar Pal","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0066","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BGTC) and cerebello-thalamocortical (CTC) networks are implicated in tremor genesis; however, exact contributions across disorders have not been studied. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Evaluate the structural connectivity of BGTC and CTC in tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (TDPD) and essential tremor plus (ETP) with the aid of probabilistic tractography and graph theory analysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Structural connectomes of the BGTC and CTC were generated by probabilistic tractography for TDPD (<i>n</i> = 25), ETP (ET with rest tremor, <i>n</i> = 25), and healthy control (HC, <i>n</i> = 22). The Brain Connectivity Toolbox was used for computing standard topological graph measures of segregation, integration, and centrality. Tremor severity was ascertained using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale (FTMRS). <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was no difference in total FTMRS scores. Compared with HC, TDPD had a lower global efficiency and characteristic path length. Abnormality in segregation, integration, and centrality of bilateral putamen, globus pallidus externa (GPe), and GP interna (GPi), with reduction of centrality of right caudate and cerebellar lobule 8, was observed. ETP showed reduction in segregation and integration of right GPe and GPi, ventrolateral posterior nucleus, and centrality of right putamen, compared with HC. Differences between TDPD and ETP were a reduction of strength of the right putamen, and lower clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and strength of the left GPi in TDPD. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Contrary to expectations, TDPD and ETP may not be significantly different with regard to tremor pathogenesis, with definite overlaps. There may be fundamental similarities in network disruption across different tremor disorders with the same tremor activation patterns, along with disease-specific changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1089/brain.2024.0047
Jennifer L Whitwell, Steven Laureys
{"title":"Advances in Understanding Brain Connectivity.","authors":"Jennifer L Whitwell, Steven Laureys","doi":"10.1089/brain.2024.0047","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2024.0047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0072
Clara G Zundel, Samantha Ely, Cole Brokamp, Jeffrey R Strawn, Tanja Jovanovic, Patrick Ryan, Hilary A Marusak
Background: Air pollution exposure has been associated with adverse cognitive and mental health outcomes in children, adolescents, and adults, although youth may be particularly susceptible given ongoing brain development. However, the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying the associations among air pollution, cognition, and mental health remain unclear. We examined the impact of particulate matter (PM2.5) on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the default mode network (DMN) and three key attention networks: dorsal attention, ventral attention, and cingulo-opercular. Methods: Longitudinal changes in rsFC within/between networks were assessed from baseline (9-10 years) to the 2-year follow-up (11-12 years) in 10,072 youth (M ± SD = 9.93 + 0.63 years; 49% female) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD®) study. Annual ambient PM2.5 concentrations from the 2016 calendar year were estimated using hybrid ensemble spatiotemporal models. RsFC was estimated using functional neuroimaging. Linear mixed models were used to test associations between PM2.5 and change in rsFC over time while adjusting for relevant covariates (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, and family income) and other air pollutants (O3, NO2). Results: A PM2.5 × time interaction was significant for within-network rsFC of the DMN such that higher PM2.5 concentrations were associated with a smaller increase in rsFC over time. Further, significant PM2.5 × time interactions were observed for between-network rsFC of the DMN and all three attention networks, with varied directionality. Conclusion: PM2.5 exposure was associated with alterations in the development and equilibrium of the DMN-a network implicated in self-referential processing-and anticorrelated attention networks, which may impact trajectories of cognitive and mental health symptoms across adolescence.
{"title":"Particulate Matter Exposure and Default Mode Network Equilibrium During Early Adolescence.","authors":"Clara G Zundel, Samantha Ely, Cole Brokamp, Jeffrey R Strawn, Tanja Jovanovic, Patrick Ryan, Hilary A Marusak","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0072","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Air pollution exposure has been associated with adverse cognitive and mental health outcomes in children, adolescents, and adults, although youth may be particularly susceptible given ongoing brain development. However, the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying the associations among air pollution, cognition, and mental health remain unclear. We examined the impact of particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the default mode network (DMN) and three key attention networks: dorsal attention, ventral attention, and cingulo-opercular. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Longitudinal changes in rsFC within/between networks were assessed from baseline (9-10 years) to the 2-year follow-up (11-12 years) in 10,072 youth (<i>M ± SD</i> = 9.93 + 0.63 years; 49% female) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD<sup>®</sup>) study. Annual ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations from the 2016 calendar year were estimated using hybrid ensemble spatiotemporal models. RsFC was estimated using functional neuroimaging. Linear mixed models were used to test associations between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and change in rsFC over time while adjusting for relevant covariates (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, and family income) and other air pollutants (O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A PM<sub>2.5</sub> × time interaction was significant for within-network rsFC of the DMN such that higher PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were associated with a smaller increase in rsFC over time. Further, significant PM<sub>2.5</sub> × time interactions were observed for between-network rsFC of the DMN and all three attention networks, with varied directionality. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure was associated with alterations in the development and equilibrium of the DMN-a network implicated in self-referential processing-and anticorrelated attention networks, which may impact trajectories of cognitive and mental health symptoms across adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141178943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Zhang, Minglu Hu, Siyu Fan, Shanshan Cao, Baogen Du, Shanshan Yin, Long Zhang, Yanghua Tian, Kai Wang, Qiang Wei
Objective: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a primary vascular disease of cognitive impairment. Previous studies have predominantly focused on brain linear features. However, the nonlinear measure, brain entropy (BEN), has not been elaborated. Thus, this study aims to investigate if BEN abnormalities could manifest in CSVD patients with cognitive impairment. Methods: Thirty-four CSVD patients with cognitive impairment and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Analysis of gray matter approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) which are two indices of BEN was calculated. To explore whether BEN can provide unique information, we further performed brain linear methods, namely, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), to observe their differences. The ratios of BEN/ALFF and BEN/ReHo which represent the coupling of nonlinear and linear features were introduced. Correlation analysis was conducted between imaging indices and cognition. Subsequently, the linear support vector machine (SVM) was used to assess their discriminative ability. Results: CSVD patients exhibited lower ApEn and SamEn values in sensorimotor areas, which were correlated with worse memory and executive function. In addition, the results of BEN showed little overlap with ALFF and ReHo in brain regions. Correlation analysis also revealed a relationship between the two ratios and cognition. SVM analysis using BEN and its ratios as features achieved an accuracy of 74.64% (sensitivity: 86.49%, specificity: 61.76%, and AUC: 0.82439). Conclusion: Our study reveals that the reduction of sensorimotor system complexity is correlated with cognition. BEN exhibits distinctive characteristics in brain activity. Combining BEN and the ratios can be new biomarkers to diagnose CSVD with cognitive impairment.
目的:脑小血管病(CSVD)是导致认知障碍的原发性血管疾病。以往的研究主要关注脑线性特征。然而,非线性测量指标--脑熵 (BEN) 却未得到详细阐述。因此,本研究旨在探讨认知障碍的 CSVD 患者是否会出现 BEN 异常:方法:招募 34 名患有认知障碍的 CSVD 患者和 37 名健康对照组(HCs)。计算灰质近似熵(ApEn)和样本熵(SampEn)这两个 BEN 指标。为了探索 BEN 是否能提供独特的信息,我们进一步采用了脑线性方法,即低频波动幅度(ALFF)和区域同质性(ReHo),以观察它们之间的差异。我们引入了 BEN/ALFF 和 BEN/ReHo 的比率,它们代表了非线性特征和线性特征的耦合。在成像指数和认知之间进行了相关性分析。随后,使用线性支持向量机(SVM)评估了它们的鉴别能力:结果:CSVD 患者感觉运动区的 ApEn 和 SamEn 值较低,这与记忆和执行功能较差有关。此外,BEN的结果显示与ALFF和ReHo在大脑区域的重叠很少。相关性分析也显示了这两个比率与认知能力之间的关系。利用 BEN 及其比率作为特征的 SVM 分析的准确率达到了 74.64 %(灵敏度:86.49 %;特异性:61.76 %;AUC:0.82439):我们的研究揭示了感觉运动系统复杂性的降低与认知的相关性。BEN 在大脑活动中表现出独特的特征。结合 BEN 和比率可作为诊断 CSVD 认知功能障碍的新生物标记物。
{"title":"Altered Resting-State Brain Entropy in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Patients with Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Minglu Hu, Siyu Fan, Shanshan Cao, Baogen Du, Shanshan Yin, Long Zhang, Yanghua Tian, Kai Wang, Qiang Wei","doi":"10.1089/brain.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a primary vascular disease of cognitive impairment. Previous studies have predominantly focused on brain linear features. However, the nonlinear measure, brain entropy (BEN), has not been elaborated. Thus, this study aims to investigate if BEN abnormalities could manifest in CSVD patients with cognitive impairment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty-four CSVD patients with cognitive impairment and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Analysis of gray matter approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) which are two indices of BEN was calculated. To explore whether BEN can provide unique information, we further performed brain linear methods, namely, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), to observe their differences. The ratios of BEN/ALFF and BEN/ReHo which represent the coupling of nonlinear and linear features were introduced. Correlation analysis was conducted between imaging indices and cognition. Subsequently, the linear support vector machine (SVM) was used to assess their discriminative ability. <b><i>Results:</i></b> CSVD patients exhibited lower ApEn and SamEn values in sensorimotor areas, which were correlated with worse memory and executive function. In addition, the results of BEN showed little overlap with ALFF and ReHo in brain regions. Correlation analysis also revealed a relationship between the two ratios and cognition. SVM analysis using BEN and its ratios as features achieved an accuracy of 74.64% (sensitivity: 86.49%, specificity: 61.76%, and AUC: 0.82439). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study reveals that the reduction of sensorimotor system complexity is correlated with cognition. BEN exhibits distinctive characteristics in brain activity. Combining BEN and the ratios can be new biomarkers to diagnose CSVD with cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0083
John S Hutton, Jonathan Dudley, Thomas DeWitt, Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
Purpose: Rhyming is a phonological skill that typically emerges in the preschool-age range. Prosody/rhythm processing involves right-lateralized temporal cortex, yet the neural basis of rhyming ability in young children is unclear. The study objective was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to quantify neural correlates of rhyming abilities in preschool-age children. Method: Healthy pre-kindergarten child-parent dyads were recruited for a study visit including MRI and the Preschool and Primary Inventory of Phonological Awareness (PIPA) rhyme subtest. MRI included an fMRI task where the child listened to a rhymed and unrhymed story without visual stimuli. fMRI data were processed using the CONN functional connectivity (FC) toolbox, with FC computed between 132 regions of interest (ROI) across the brain. Associations between PIPA score and FC during the rhymed versus unrhymed story were compared accounting for age, sex, and maternal education. Results: In total, 45 children completed MRI (age 54 ± 8 months, 37-63; 19M 26F). Median maternal education was college graduate. FC between ROIs in posterior default mode (imagery) and right fronto-parietal (executive function) networks was more strongly positively associated with PIPA score during the rhymed compared with the unrhymed story [F(2,39) = 10.95, p-FDR = 0.043], as was FC between ROIs in right-sided language (prosody) and dorsal attention networks [F(2,39) = 9.85, p-FDR = 0.044]. Conclusions: Preschool-age children with better rhyming abilities had stronger FC between ROIs supporting attention and prosody and also between ROIs supporting executive function and imagery, suggesting rhyme as a catalyst for attention, visualization, and comprehension. These represent novel neural biomarkers of nascent phonological skills.
目的押韵是一种语音技能,通常出现在学龄前阶段。押韵/节奏处理涉及右侧颞叶皮层,但幼儿押韵能力的神经基础尚不清楚。研究目的是利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)量化学龄前儿童押韵能力的神经相关因素:方法:招募健康的学龄前儿童-家长二人组进行研究访问,包括核磁共振成像和学龄前和小学语音意识量表(PIPA)韵律子测试。核磁共振成像包括一项 fMRI 任务,即让儿童在没有视觉刺激的情况下聆听一个有韵律和无韵律的故事。fMRI 数据使用 CONN 功能连接(FC)工具箱进行处理,在整个大脑的 132 个感兴趣区(ROI)之间计算 FC。在考虑年龄、性别和母亲教育程度的情况下,比较了有韵律故事与无韵律故事中 PIPA 分数和 FC 之间的关联:45名儿童完成了核磁共振成像(年龄54+8个月,37-63岁;19男26女)。母亲教育程度中位数为大学毕业。与无韵律故事相比,在有韵律故事中,后部默认模式(意象)和右侧前顶叶(执行功能)网络的 ROI 之间的 FC 与 PIPA 分数呈更强的正相关(F(2,39) = 10.95,p-FDR = 0.043),右侧语言(拟声)和背侧注意网络的 ROI 之间的 FC 也呈更强的正相关(F(2,39) = 9.85,p-FDR = 0.044):结论:押韵能力较强的学龄前儿童在支持注意力和拟声的 ROI 之间以及支持执行功能和想象的 ROI 之间具有更强的 FC,这表明押韵是注意力、可视化和理解能力的催化剂。这些都代表了新生语音技能的新生物标记。
{"title":"Neural Signature of Rhyming Ability During Story Listening in Preschool-Age Children.","authors":"John S Hutton, Jonathan Dudley, Thomas DeWitt, Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0083","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Rhyming is a phonological skill that typically emerges in the preschool-age range. Prosody/rhythm processing involves right-lateralized temporal cortex, yet the neural basis of rhyming ability in young children is unclear. The study objective was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to quantify neural correlates of rhyming abilities in preschool-age children. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Healthy pre-kindergarten child-parent dyads were recruited for a study visit including MRI and the Preschool and Primary Inventory of Phonological Awareness (PIPA) rhyme subtest. MRI included an fMRI task where the child listened to a rhymed and unrhymed story without visual stimuli. fMRI data were processed using the CONN functional connectivity (FC) toolbox, with FC computed between 132 regions of interest (ROI) across the brain. Associations between PIPA score and FC during the rhymed versus unrhymed story were compared accounting for age, sex, and maternal education. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 45 children completed MRI (age 54 ± 8 months, 37-63; 19M 26F). Median maternal education was college graduate. FC between ROIs in posterior default mode (imagery) and right fronto-parietal (executive function) networks was more strongly positively associated with PIPA score during the rhymed compared with the unrhymed story [<i>F</i>(2,39) = 10.95, p-FDR = 0.043], as was FC between ROIs in right-sided language (prosody) and dorsal attention networks [<i>F</i>(2,39) = 9.85, p-FDR = 0.044]. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Preschool-age children with better rhyming abilities had stronger FC between ROIs supporting attention and prosody and also between ROIs supporting executive function and imagery, suggesting rhyme as a catalyst for attention, visualization, and comprehension. These represent novel neural biomarkers of nascent phonological skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1089/brain.2024.0036
Steven Laureys
{"title":"Brain Connectivity: Embracing the Nexus of Mind and Matter.","authors":"Steven Laureys","doi":"10.1089/brain.2024.0036","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2024.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141178941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1089/brain.2024.0037
Steven Laureys, Marc Raichle, Karl Friston, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Jennifer Whitwell, Vince Calhoun, Linda Douw, Melanie Boly
{"title":"A Roundtable Discussion on Brain Connectivity.","authors":"Steven Laureys, Marc Raichle, Karl Friston, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Jennifer Whitwell, Vince Calhoun, Linda Douw, Melanie Boly","doi":"10.1089/brain.2024.0037","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2024.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141178972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This study aims to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in conjunction with brain graph techniques to define brain structural connectivity and investigate its association with personal income (PI) in individuals of various ages and intelligence quotients (IQ). Methods: MRI examinations were performed on 55 male subjects (mean age: 40.1 ± 9.4 years). Graph data and metrics were generated, and DTI images were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). All subjects underwent the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for a reliable estimation of the full-scale IQ (FSIQ), which includes verbal comprehension index, perceptual reasoning index, working memory index, and processing speed index. The performance score was defined as the monthly PI normalized by the age of the subject. Results: The analysis of global graph metrics showed that modularity correlated positively with performance score (p = 0.003) and negatively with FSIQ (p = 0.04) and processing speed index (p = 0.005). No significant correlations were found between IQ indices and performance scores. Regional analysis of graph metrics showed modularity differences between right and left networks in sub-cortical (p = 0.001) and frontal (p = 0.044) networks. TBSS analysis showed greater axial and mean diffusivities in the high-performance group in correlation with their modular brain organization. Conclusion: This study showed that PI performance is strongly correlated with a modular organization of brain structural connectivity, which implies short and rapid networks, providing automatic and unconscious brain processing. Additionally, the lack of correlation between performance and IQ suggests a reduced role of academic reasoning skills in performance to the advantage of high uncertainty decision-making networks.
{"title":"Personal Income Performance Correlates with Brain Structural Network Modularity but Not Intelligence Quotient.","authors":"Fanny Nusbaum, Salem Hannoun, Berardino Barile, Ilaria Suprano, Sabine Mouchet, Dominique Sappey-Marinier","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0077","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> This study aims to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in conjunction with brain graph techniques to define brain structural connectivity and investigate its association with personal income (PI) in individuals of various ages and intelligence quotients (IQ). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> MRI examinations were performed on 55 male subjects (mean age: 40.1 ± 9.4 years). Graph data and metrics were generated, and DTI images were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). All subjects underwent the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for a reliable estimation of the full-scale IQ (FSIQ), which includes verbal comprehension index, perceptual reasoning index, working memory index, and processing speed index. The performance score was defined as the monthly PI normalized by the age of the subject. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The analysis of global graph metrics showed that modularity correlated positively with performance score (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and negatively with FSIQ (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and processing speed index (<i>p</i> = 0.005). No significant correlations were found between IQ indices and performance scores. Regional analysis of graph metrics showed modularity differences between right and left networks in sub-cortical (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and frontal (<i>p</i> = 0.044) networks. TBSS analysis showed greater axial and mean diffusivities in the high-performance group in correlation with their modular brain organization. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study showed that PI performance is strongly correlated with a modular organization of brain structural connectivity, which implies short and rapid networks, providing automatic and unconscious brain processing. Additionally, the lack of correlation between performance and IQ suggests a reduced role of academic reasoning skills in performance to the advantage of high uncertainty decision-making networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0063
Sébastien Dam, Jean-Marie Batail, Gabriel H Robert, Dominique Drapier, Pierre Maurel, Julie Coloigner
Background: The treatment of depressive episodes is well established, with clearly demonstrated effectiveness of antidepressants and psychotherapies. However, more than one-third of depressed patients do not respond to treatment. Identifying the brain structural basis of treatment-resistant depression could prevent useless pharmacological prescriptions, adverse events, and lost therapeutic opportunities. Methods: Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, we performed structural connectivity analyses on a cohort of 154 patients with mood disorder (MD) and 77 sex- and age-matched healthy control (HC) participants. To assess illness improvement, the patients with MD went through two clinical interviews at baseline and at 6-month follow-up and were classified based on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score into improved or not-improved (NI). First, the threshold-free network-based statistics (NBS) was conducted to measure the differences in regional network architecture. Second, nonparametric permutations tests were performed on topological metrics based on graph theory to examine differences in connectome organization. Results: The threshold-free NBS revealed impaired connections involving regions of the basal ganglia in patients with MD compared with HC. Significant increase of local efficiency and clustering coefficient was found in the lingual gyrus, insula, and amygdala in the MD group. Compared with the NI, the improved displayed significantly reduced network integration and segregation, predominately in the default-mode regions, including the precuneus, middle temporal lobe, and rostral anterior cingulate. Conclusions: This study highlights the involvement of regions belonging to the basal ganglia, the fronto-limbic network, and the default mode network, leading to a better understanding of MD disease and its unfavorable outcome.
{"title":"Structural Brain Connectivity and Treatment Improvement in Mood Disorder.","authors":"Sébastien Dam, Jean-Marie Batail, Gabriel H Robert, Dominique Drapier, Pierre Maurel, Julie Coloigner","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.0063","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The treatment of depressive episodes is well established, with clearly demonstrated effectiveness of antidepressants and psychotherapies. However, more than one-third of depressed patients do not respond to treatment. Identifying the brain structural basis of treatment-resistant depression could prevent useless pharmacological prescriptions, adverse events, and lost therapeutic opportunities. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, we performed structural connectivity analyses on a cohort of 154 patients with mood disorder (MD) and 77 sex- and age-matched healthy control (HC) participants. To assess illness improvement, the patients with MD went through two clinical interviews at baseline and at 6-month follow-up and were classified based on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score into improved or not-improved (NI). First, the threshold-free network-based statistics (NBS) was conducted to measure the differences in regional network architecture. Second, nonparametric permutations tests were performed on topological metrics based on graph theory to examine differences in connectome organization. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The threshold-free NBS revealed impaired connections involving regions of the basal ganglia in patients with MD compared with HC. Significant increase of local efficiency and clustering coefficient was found in the lingual gyrus, insula, and amygdala in the MD group. Compared with the NI, the improved displayed significantly reduced network integration and segregation, predominately in the default-mode regions, including the precuneus, middle temporal lobe, and rostral anterior cingulate. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study highlights the involvement of regions belonging to the basal ganglia, the fronto-limbic network, and the default mode network, leading to a better understanding of MD disease and its unfavorable outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140292836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}