Pub Date : 2016-06-07eCollection Date: 2016-01-01DOI: 10.3205/id000020
Arno F Schmalreck, Birgit Willinger, Evgeny A Idelevich, Christian Fegeler, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Wolfgang Fegeler, Karsten Becker
For calculated initial antifungal therapy, knowledge on parallel and cross-resistances are vitally important particularly in the case of multiresistant isolates. Based on a strain collection of 1,062 yeast isolates from a German/Austrian multicentre study, susceptibility pattern analysis (SPA) was used to determine the proportion of parallel and cross-resistances to eight antifungal agents (AFAs) encompassing flucytosine, amphotericin B, azoles (fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole) and echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin). A total of 414 (39.0%) isolates were resistant for one or more of the AFAs. Resistance to one AFA was shown for 18.1% of all isolates. For 222 isolates (20.9%), resistance to two to seven AFAs was noted (7.7%; 7.7%; 3.6%; 1.0%; 0.7% and 0.2% to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 antifungal compounds, respectively). Partial parallel resistances within the azole and echinocandin classes, respectively, were found for 81 (7.6%) and 70 (6.6%) isolates. Complete parallel resistances for azoles, echinocandins and combined for both classes were exhibited by 93 (8.8%), 18 (1.7%) and 6 (0.6%) isolates, respectively. Isolates displaying cross-resistances between azoles and echinocandins were infrequently found. Highly resistant isolates (resistance to ≥6 AFAs) were almost exclusively represented by Candida albicans. Highly standardized testing of AFAs in parallel and from the same inocula followed by SPA allows detailed insights in the prevalence and distribution of susceptibility patterns of microbial isolates.
{"title":"Parallel and cross-resistances of clinical yeast isolates determined by susceptibility pattern analysis.","authors":"Arno F Schmalreck, Birgit Willinger, Evgeny A Idelevich, Christian Fegeler, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Wolfgang Fegeler, Karsten Becker","doi":"10.3205/id000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/id000020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For calculated initial antifungal therapy, knowledge on parallel and cross-resistances are vitally important particularly in the case of multiresistant isolates. Based on a strain collection of 1,062 yeast isolates from a German/Austrian multicentre study, susceptibility pattern analysis (SPA) was used to determine the proportion of parallel and cross-resistances to eight antifungal agents (AFAs) encompassing flucytosine, amphotericin B, azoles (fluconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole) and echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin). A total of 414 (39.0%) isolates were resistant for one or more of the AFAs. Resistance to one AFA was shown for 18.1% of all isolates. For 222 isolates (20.9%), resistance to two to seven AFAs was noted (7.7%; 7.7%; 3.6%; 1.0%; 0.7% and 0.2% to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 antifungal compounds, respectively). Partial parallel resistances within the azole and echinocandin classes, respectively, were found for 81 (7.6%) and 70 (6.6%) isolates. Complete parallel resistances for azoles, echinocandins and combined for both classes were exhibited by 93 (8.8%), 18 (1.7%) and 6 (0.6%) isolates, respectively. Isolates displaying cross-resistances between azoles and echinocandins were infrequently found. Highly resistant isolates (resistance to ≥6 AFAs) were almost exclusively represented by <i>Candida albicans</i>. Highly standardized testing of AFAs in parallel and from the same inocula followed by SPA allows detailed insights in the prevalence and distribution of susceptibility patterns of microbial isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":91688,"journal":{"name":"GMS infectious diseases","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc02"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6301743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36931764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-17eCollection Date: 2016-01-01DOI: 10.3205/id000019
Andreas Sauerbrei
Varicella-zoster virus is an important human pathogen that causes varicella after primary infection and zoster after recurrence. Following primary infection, the virus remains latently for life in dorsal root and cranial nerve ganglia. Varicella and zoster are worldwide widespread diseases and may be associated with significant complications. This manuscript presents a short overview about the fundamental knowledge including the most important clinical signs, the capabilities for antiviral treatment and the spectrum of methods for laboratory diagnosis.
{"title":"Varicella-zoster virus infections - antiviral therapy and diagnosis.","authors":"Andreas Sauerbrei","doi":"10.3205/id000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/id000019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varicella-zoster virus is an important human pathogen that causes varicella after primary infection and zoster after recurrence. Following primary infection, the virus remains latently for life in dorsal root and cranial nerve ganglia. Varicella and zoster are worldwide widespread diseases and may be associated with significant complications. This manuscript presents a short overview about the fundamental knowledge including the most important clinical signs, the capabilities for antiviral treatment and the spectrum of methods for laboratory diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":91688,"journal":{"name":"GMS infectious diseases","volume":"4 ","pages":"Doc01"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6301744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36876951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hoenigl, M. F. de Oliveira, Josué Pérez-Santiago, Yonglong Zhang, S. Woods, M. Finkelman, S. Gianella
We evaluated associations between levels of BDG and other biomarkers of inflammation in blood from 41 virologically suppressed persons with chronic HIV-infection. We found a significant correlation between BDG and neopterin levels (r=0.68), and trends to significance for correlations with other inflammation markers (tumor-necrosis-factor-α: r=0.30; interleukin-8: r=0.30; interleukin-6: r=0.28). In conclusion, BDG levels correlated with inflammation markers in a cohort of virologically suppressed individuals with chronic HIV infection. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether BDG may be a marker for morbidity in chronic HIV infection.
我们评估了41名慢性hiv感染的病毒学抑制患者血液中BDG水平和其他炎症生物标志物之间的关系。我们发现BDG与neopterin水平之间存在显著相关性(r=0.68)，并且与其他炎症标志物(肿瘤坏死因子-α: r=0.30;interleukin-8: r = 0.30;白细胞介素- 6:r = 0.28)。总之，在一个病毒学抑制的慢性HIV感染个体队列中，BDG水平与炎症标志物相关。未来的研究需要评估BDG是否可能是慢性HIV感染发病率的一个标志。
{"title":"Correlation of (1→3)-β-D-glucan with other inflammation markers in chronically HIV infected persons on suppressive antiretroviral therapy","authors":"M. Hoenigl, M. F. de Oliveira, Josué Pérez-Santiago, Yonglong Zhang, S. Woods, M. Finkelman, S. Gianella","doi":"10.3205/id000018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3205/id000018","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated associations between levels of BDG and other biomarkers of inflammation in blood from 41 virologically suppressed persons with chronic HIV-infection. We found a significant correlation between BDG and neopterin levels (r=0.68), and trends to significance for correlations with other inflammation markers (tumor-necrosis-factor-α: r=0.30; interleukin-8: r=0.30; interleukin-6: r=0.28). In conclusion, BDG levels correlated with inflammation markers in a cohort of virologically suppressed individuals with chronic HIV infection. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether BDG may be a marker for morbidity in chronic HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":91688,"journal":{"name":"GMS infectious diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69522878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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