Biomarkers in medicine最新文献

Aim: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is common in severe aortic stenosis (AS). Previous studies revealed N-Acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and Kidney-injury-molecule-1 (KIM-1) as potential markers for CRS. The study aimed to investigate the prognostic capability of NAG, KIM-1, NT-proBNP in severe AS before TAVI.

Materials & methods: Plasma and urine samples were collected from 151 participants before TAVI. Long-term follow-up (median follow-up time 31 months) was conducted to assess all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint of mortality and congestive heart failure.

Results: NT-proBNP was significantly elevated in classical low-flow, low-gradient AS compared to other severe AS phenotypes (p < 0.01), unlike NAG and KIM-1 (each p = n.s.). During follow-up, 40 patients (26.5%) died, and 58 patients (38.4%) reached the composite endpoint. Elevated baseline levels of NAG and KIM-1 were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in Kaplan-Meier analysis, like NT-proBNP (each p<0.05). NAG and STS-Score were revealed as significant predictors for all-cause mortality in multivariable COX-regression analysis (each p<0.05), unlike NT-proBNP, KIM-1, eGFR, and clinical parameters (each p=n.s.).

Conclusion: Baseline NAG and, to a lesser degree, KIM-1 and NT-proBNP provide significant predictive value for all-cause mortality in patients with severe AS before TAVI.

Introduction: Surfactant Protein D (SP-D), a key component of the innate immune system, has attracted significant interest for its potential role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of COVID-19. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to clarify the prognostic importance of SP-D levels in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, covering studies published from January 2000 to January 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on studies measuring SP-D levels in the serum or plasma of COVID-19 patients, comparing severe and non-severe cases. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model to assess overall effect sizes. Meta-regressions and subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity, including patient age, assay techniques, and gender ratio.

Results: The meta-analysis incorporated data from nine studies involving 5,410 COVID-19 patients. Elevated SP-D levels were significantly correlated with increased disease severity, yielding an SMD of 0.642 (95% CI: 0.314 to 0.870; p = 0.012).

Conclusion: This meta-analysis confirms the prognostic significance of SP-D in the context of COVID-19. Elevated SP-D levels are associated with severe disease outcomes, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker.

Objective: This study investigates the predictive value of CK-MB in treating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with urokinase combined with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) calcium.

Methods: AMI patients treated at our hospital from April 2020 to August 2022 were included in this prospective, multi-center cohort study. Patients were randomly assigned to a urokinase group or a combined treatment group (urokinase plus LMWH). CK-MB levels were measured using ELISA, and adverse reactions were recorded. The accuracy of CK-MB as a predictor was evaluated via ROC curve analysis and AUC.

Results: Before treatment, CK-MB levels were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Post-treatment, levels were significantly lower in the combined group (p < 0.05). The combined group had a higher proportion of mild CK-MB elevation and lower moderate/severe elevations (p < 0.05). Adverse reaction rates were similar (p > 0.05). The combined treatment group showed higher effectiveness (p < 0.05), with better sensitivity (94%) and specificity (82%) than the urokinase group (sensitivity 89%, specificity 78%).

Conclusion: CK-MB is a valuable predictor for evaluating the efficacy of urokinase plus LMWH in AMI treatment, offering advantages in reducing CK-MB levels and improving outcomes.

Aims: To investigate the N-glycans related to the metformin efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and methods: We enrolled 141 healthy controls and 195 newly diagnosed T2DM patients treated with metformin for 3 months. Serum N-glycan profile was determined by DNA sequencer - assisted fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA-FACE). The N-glycan model was established by logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to analyze the predictive power of the N-glycan model for metformin efficacy.

Results: The abundances of several N-glycans in serum of T2DM patients at baseline were significantly different from those of healthy controls and tended to recover the N-glycan of controls after 3 months treatment. Serum N-glycans changes were more significant in the good response group (FPG <7 mmol/L) after metformin treatment. In addition, the abundance of peak9 at baseline had an opposite tendency between HbA1c increased and decreased groups post-treatment, which could be a biomarker for predicting metformin efficacy. Peak9 combined with other 11 N-glycans at baseline was used to establish the predictive model to distinguish non-response from response patients (AUROC = 0.780, sensitivity = 70.6% and specificity = 77.5%).

Conclusions: Serum N-glycans may have potential value as biomarkers for indicating the efficacy of metformin.

Aims: There is little information about transmembrane protein 35B (TMEM35B) expression in glioma, and its functions in glioma remains no clue.

Patients & methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to measure TMEM35B expression levels and CCK8 and Transwell assays were analyzed the proliferative and migratory and invasive.

Results: TMEM35B protein was significantly higher in gliomas and correlated with a higher tumor TNM stages. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that TMEM35B had high diagnostic value in distinguishing among glioma, normal tissues, tumor stages III+IV, and I+II. Additionally, TMEM35B knockdown inhibited the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of glioma cells.

Conclusions: TMEM35B expression is upregulated in gliomas, and its knockdown hinders tumor progression, highlighting the protein as a potential biomarker for glioma diagnosis.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between immune nutrition indices and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: The current study included a cross-sectional analysis of 90 age and gender-matched healthy controls and 116 RA patients who satisfied the 2010 American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism categorization criteria. Patients were categorized into remission (disease activity score 28- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS 28-ESR) <2.6) and active disease (DAS 28-ESR ≥2.6) groups.

Results: Systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), controlling nutritional status (CONUT), and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) were higher in the RA group than in controls, whereas CRP-albumin-lymphocyte ratio (CALLY) and prognostic nutrition index (PNI) were considerably lower in RA (p < 0.001). The clinical and simplified disease activity index, DAS 28-ESR had negative correlation with PNI and CALLY (p < 0.001). PNI and CALLY were independently related markers of disease activity (p < 0.001) by regression analysis. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the ideal cutoff values for the active disease are as follows: CONUT, 0.5; CALLY, 12.5, SII, 579.43, FAR, 90.43, and PNI, 40. CALLY was the most sensitive (84.06%) and specific marker (95.74%).

Conclusions: CALLY and PNI may be useful prognostic markers for assessing disease activity in RA patients.