Quantum Information is a discipline derived from Quantum Mechanics which uses quantum systems to exploit their states as information recipients. Normally, these states are conformed by two-level systems to reproduce the binary nature underlying the classical computation structure. Quantum evolution is then controlled to reproduce convenient information processing operations. Evolution could be hard to be controlled. SU(2) decomposition procedure lets to set a binary structure of processing when a convenient basis is selected to set the dynamics description. In this work, we exploit this procedure for a generic Hamiltonian in order to set the process to reduce arbitrary states into simplest ones. For this work, we use customary SU(2) operations on local and entangled states. These operations are described in the development. They involve 1, 2 and 4-local operations meaning the number of quantum parties involved, in agreement with the decomposition procedure scope. This task is complex in spite the difficulty to set a general way to manipulate the entanglement in the system. We are particularly interested on the application of stochastic procedures based in SU(2) decomposition operations to achieve that goal. In order to have a measure of the advancement of the last task, we use the RényiIngarden-Urbanik entropy to describe the whole spectrum of entanglement in the large systems through the assembling/disassembling of the state.
{"title":"Assembling Large Entangled States in the Rényi-Ingarden-Urbanik Entropy Measure under the SU(2)-Dynamics Decomposition for Systems Built from Two-Level Subsystems","authors":"Francisco Javier Delgado Cepeda","doi":"10.30958/AJS.6-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/AJS.6-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum Information is a discipline derived from Quantum Mechanics which uses quantum systems to exploit their states as information recipients. Normally, these states are conformed by two-level systems to reproduce the binary nature underlying the classical computation structure. Quantum evolution is then controlled to reproduce convenient information processing operations. Evolution could be hard to be controlled. SU(2) decomposition procedure lets to set a binary structure of processing when a convenient basis is selected to set the dynamics description. In this work, we exploit this procedure for a generic Hamiltonian in order to set the process to reduce arbitrary states into simplest ones. For this work, we use customary SU(2) operations on local and entangled states. These operations are described in the development. They involve 1, 2 and 4-local operations meaning the number of quantum parties involved, in agreement with the decomposition procedure scope. This task is complex in spite the difficulty to set a general way to manipulate the entanglement in the system. We are particularly interested on the application of stochastic procedures based in SU(2) decomposition operations to achieve that goal. In order to have a measure of the advancement of the last task, we use the RényiIngarden-Urbanik entropy to describe the whole spectrum of entanglement in the large systems through the assembling/disassembling of the state.","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48595920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of heightening of Roseires Dam on the phytoplankton and physico-chemical characteristics of Sennar reservoir (13°32' 55" and 13°24'59" N and 33°38'05" and 33°39'53" E) and Roseires reservoir (11°48' 26" and 11°32'45" N and 34°26'46" and 34°28'33"E) on the Blue Nile, Sudan. The heightening project that was completed in 2013 increased the storage capacity of Roseires reservoir from 3.0×10 9 m 3 to 7.4×10 9 m 3 . The study provides baseline data before the completion of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile. No studies on the phytoplankton of Sennar or Roseires reservoir have been undertaken since late 1960s because of accumulating deficit of trained research personnel and the very low level of scientific research funding. Present water analyses include Secchi transparency, electrical conductivity, pH, alkalinity, nitrate–nitrogen, phosphate–phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, and zinc. Statistical analysis shows that there were no significant differences between the samples taken from Sennar and Roseires reservoirs. The quality of the water of the two reservoirs has not changed since 1960s, still being within allowable limits set by the Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization and WHO for drinking. Strikingly, algal biomass remained extremely low in the two reservoirs during the present study. Visual observations and analysis of water samples collected from the two reservoirs and from the Blue Nile at Khartoum showed that the recurrent peaks reported by previous workers did not appear, while turbidity and concentrations of nutrients remained unexpectedly high with no signs of any algal growth during December 2015 December 2017. Environmentalists are alarmed that pollution in the Blue Nile within Sudan will become a problem after the completion of GERD when regulation of water flow downstream will result in only a fraction of the Blue Nile water reaches Sudan throughout the year allowing for the accumulation of pollutants.
{"title":"The Phytoplankton and Water Quality of Sennar and Roseires Reservoirs, Sudan","authors":"Faisal Sinada, M. Abdelrahman","doi":"10.30958/AJS.6-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/AJS.6-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of heightening of Roseires Dam on the phytoplankton and physico-chemical characteristics of Sennar reservoir (13°32' 55\" and 13°24'59\" N and 33°38'05\" and 33°39'53\" E) and Roseires reservoir (11°48' 26\" and 11°32'45\" N and 34°26'46\" and 34°28'33\"E) on the Blue Nile, Sudan. The heightening project that was completed in 2013 increased the storage capacity of Roseires reservoir from 3.0×10 9 m 3 to 7.4×10 9 m 3 . The study provides baseline data before the completion of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile. No studies on the phytoplankton of Sennar or Roseires reservoir have been undertaken since late 1960s because of accumulating deficit of trained research personnel and the very low level of scientific research funding. Present water analyses include Secchi transparency, electrical conductivity, pH, alkalinity, nitrate–nitrogen, phosphate–phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, and zinc. Statistical analysis shows that there were no significant differences between the samples taken from Sennar and Roseires reservoirs. The quality of the water of the two reservoirs has not changed since 1960s, still being within allowable limits set by the Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization and WHO for drinking. Strikingly, algal biomass remained extremely low in the two reservoirs during the present study. Visual observations and analysis of water samples collected from the two reservoirs and from the Blue Nile at Khartoum showed that the recurrent peaks reported by previous workers did not appear, while turbidity and concentrations of nutrients remained unexpectedly high with no signs of any algal growth during December 2015 December 2017. Environmentalists are alarmed that pollution in the Blue Nile within Sudan will become a problem after the completion of GERD when regulation of water flow downstream will result in only a fraction of the Blue Nile water reaches Sudan throughout the year allowing for the accumulation of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41610133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Haines, Michael Krach, A. Pustaka, Qing Li, Laila J. Richman
ion 1 13 Algorithmic Thinking 1 14
[1]算法思维[1
{"title":"The Effects of Computational Thinking Professional Development on STEM Teachers’ Perceptions and Pedagogical Practices","authors":"Sarah Haines, Michael Krach, A. Pustaka, Qing Li, Laila J. Richman","doi":"10.30958/AJS.6-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/AJS.6-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"ion 1 13 Algorithmic Thinking 1 14","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44054685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Mohammed, Asim Osman Elzubeir, M. E. Hamad, A. Elhagwa
A field study was conducted for two successive winter seasons; 2013/14 and 2014/15, at the Research Farm of the National Institute of Desert Studies (University of Gezira), New Hamdab Scheme, Northern State of Sudan. The objective was to investigate the effect of treatments interactions of application of irrigation canal sediments, humate fertilizer and irrigation interval on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield attributes in high terrace soils. Treatments were arranged in a split-split plot design with four replicates. Application of irrigation canal sediments constituted three rates (0, 30 and 60 ton/ha), three rates of humate fertilizer were used (0, 2 and 4 kg/fed) and two levels of irrigation interval were imposed (10 and 15 days). The soil of the experimental site is characterized by high amount of sand and low chemical soil fertility and the climatic zone of the area is described as desert. The results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) due to the interactions effect of these three factors on number of plants/m 2 , plant height, number of spikes/m 2 , number of seeds/spike, 1000-seeds weight, grain yield and straw yield for both seasons. Also, treatments interactions had highly significant effects (P ≤ 0.01) on number of tillers/m 2 and harvest index, and very highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) on biological yield of wheat in both seasons. The best combination of irrigation canal sediments, humate fertilizer and irrigation interval which gave the highest values of growth, yield and yield components of wheat for both seasons; except for number of plants/m 2 in the second season and straw yield in both seasons, was the interaction effect of application of 60 ton/ha irrigation canal sediments, 4 kg/fed humate fertilizer and 10 days irrigation interval.
{"title":"Effect of Irrigation Canal Sediments, Humate Fertilizer and Irrigation Interval on Wheat Performance in Desert Soils","authors":"A. A. Mohammed, Asim Osman Elzubeir, M. E. Hamad, A. Elhagwa","doi":"10.30958/AJS.6-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/AJS.6-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted for two successive winter seasons; 2013/14 and 2014/15, at the Research Farm of the National Institute of Desert Studies (University of Gezira), New Hamdab Scheme, Northern State of Sudan. The objective was to investigate the effect of treatments interactions of application of irrigation canal sediments, humate fertilizer and irrigation interval on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield attributes in high terrace soils. Treatments were arranged in a split-split plot design with four replicates. Application of irrigation canal sediments constituted three rates (0, 30 and 60 ton/ha), three rates of humate fertilizer were used (0, 2 and 4 kg/fed) and two levels of irrigation interval were imposed (10 and 15 days). The soil of the experimental site is characterized by high amount of sand and low chemical soil fertility and the climatic zone of the area is described as desert. The results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) due to the interactions effect of these three factors on number of plants/m 2 , plant height, number of spikes/m 2 , number of seeds/spike, 1000-seeds weight, grain yield and straw yield for both seasons. Also, treatments interactions had highly significant effects (P ≤ 0.01) on number of tillers/m 2 and harvest index, and very highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) on biological yield of wheat in both seasons. The best combination of irrigation canal sediments, humate fertilizer and irrigation interval which gave the highest values of growth, yield and yield components of wheat for both seasons; except for number of plants/m 2 in the second season and straw yield in both seasons, was the interaction effect of application of 60 ton/ha irrigation canal sediments, 4 kg/fed humate fertilizer and 10 days irrigation interval.","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46645578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) from a reinforced concrete structure may be accompanied with an electrochemical injection of healing agents (EICI) if such agents are positively charged and are able to migrate towards the activated reinforcement. Positive charge carrying nanoparticles or cationic corrosion inhibitors might be the proper choice. Organic substances with a positive charge and their salts are mostly such inhibitors. In this study, critical concentration of chlorides was investigated for fresh and carbonated concrete pore solution. Corrosion inhibition efficiency was evaluated by means of polarization resistance as a measure of corrosion rate. Sodium nitrite was taken as a reference corrosion inhibitor. As a second objective were migration tests. ECE and EICI were performed in order to test the migration ability of promising cation corrosion inhibitors, namely tetrabutylammonium bromide and tetrabutylphosphonium bromide. Concentration profile of the inhibitors and chlorides was investigated in the testing concrete blocks. The best results have been obtained for tetrabutylammonium bromide.
{"title":"Electrochemical Healing Techniques for Concrete Reinforcement Restoration","authors":"T. Lovaši, Š. Msallamová, M. Kouřil","doi":"10.30958/ajs.6-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajs.6-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) from a reinforced concrete structure may be accompanied with an electrochemical injection of healing agents (EICI) if such agents are positively charged and are able to migrate towards the activated reinforcement. Positive charge carrying nanoparticles or cationic corrosion inhibitors might be the proper choice. Organic substances with a positive charge and their salts are mostly such inhibitors. In this study, critical concentration of chlorides was investigated for fresh and carbonated concrete pore solution. Corrosion inhibition efficiency was evaluated by means of polarization resistance as a measure of corrosion rate. Sodium nitrite was taken as a reference corrosion inhibitor. As a second objective were migration tests. ECE and EICI were performed in order to test the migration ability of promising cation corrosion inhibitors, namely tetrabutylammonium bromide and tetrabutylphosphonium bromide. Concentration profile of the inhibitors and chlorides was investigated in the testing concrete blocks. The best results have been obtained for tetrabutylammonium bromide.","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42791456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Airborne pollen is a highly influential factor in biosphere and also in anthroposphere; pollen is a source of food for numerous species of animals and is responsible for the transfer of genetic material in the biosphere. Fossil pollen grains are indicators of past climatic changes and play an important role in forensic analysis. Pollen is also an allergen causing rhinitis. In order to properly identify pollen and plant relationships, detailed studies of pollen distribution and accumulation in the environment are needed. In this paper, special attention was paid to the geographic distribution of pollen with respect to biologic and geomorphic conditions. Geomorphology (size and shapes) of land features is closely connected to changes in temperature, moisture, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction and precipitation, which in turn affect the distribution and dynamic of biomass change. The spatial patterns of two bioclimatic variables: temperature and evapotranspiration were studied with respect to the distribution of arid and forest pollen. Results indicate a significant relationship between elevation, pollen depositions patterns, and changes in bioclimatic parameters. This relationship exhibits a concentric pattern which reflects a basin geomorphology. The importance of understanding the correlation between pollen dispersion patterns and actual vegetation communities is one of the essential means used to understand paleo-vegetative records, and it can become an important guide in geolocation questions related to using pollen as a forensic tool.
{"title":"Matching the Spatial Distribution of Upland and Lowland Pollen Grains with the Temperature and Humidity in the Columbia Basin","authors":"P. Siska, V. Bryant, I. Hung, P. Goovaerts","doi":"10.30958/AJS.6-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/AJS.6-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne pollen is a highly influential factor in biosphere and also in anthroposphere; pollen is a source of food for numerous species of animals and is responsible for the transfer of genetic material in the biosphere. Fossil pollen grains are indicators of past climatic changes and play an important role in forensic analysis. Pollen is also an allergen causing rhinitis. In order to properly identify pollen and plant relationships, detailed studies of pollen distribution and accumulation in the environment are needed. In this paper, special attention was paid to the geographic distribution of pollen with respect to biologic and geomorphic conditions. Geomorphology (size and shapes) of land features is closely connected to changes in temperature, moisture, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction and precipitation, which in turn affect the distribution and dynamic of biomass change. The spatial patterns of two bioclimatic variables: temperature and evapotranspiration were studied with respect to the distribution of arid and forest pollen. Results indicate a significant relationship between elevation, pollen depositions patterns, and changes in bioclimatic parameters. This relationship exhibits a concentric pattern which reflects a basin geomorphology. The importance of understanding the correlation between pollen dispersion patterns and actual vegetation communities is one of the essential means used to understand paleo-vegetative records, and it can become an important guide in geolocation questions related to using pollen as a forensic tool.","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43811630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The optimisation and validation of a classifiers performance when applied to real world problems is not always effectively shown. In much of the literature describing the application of artificial neural network architectures to Human Activity Recognition (HAR) problems, postural transitions are grouped together and treated as a singular class. This paper proposes, investigates and validates the development of an optimised artificial neural network based on Long-Short Term Memory techniques (LSTM), with repeated cross validation used to validate the performance of the classifier. The results of the optimised LSTM classifier are comparable or better to that of previous research making use of the same dataset, achieving 95% accuracy under repeated 10-fold cross validation using grouped postural transitions. The work in this paper also achieves 94% accuracy under repeated 10-fold cross validation whilst treating each common postural transition as a separate class (and thus providing more context to each activity).
{"title":"ATHENS JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","authors":"Richard Wainwright, A. Shenfield","doi":"10.30958/AJS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/AJS","url":null,"abstract":"The optimisation and validation of a classifiers performance when applied to real \u0000world problems is not always effectively shown. In much of the literature describing \u0000the application of artificial neural network architectures to Human Activity \u0000Recognition (HAR) problems, postural transitions are grouped together and treated as \u0000a singular class. This paper proposes, investigates and validates the development of \u0000an optimised artificial neural network based on Long-Short Term Memory techniques \u0000(LSTM), with repeated cross validation used to validate the performance of the \u0000classifier. The results of the optimised LSTM classifier are comparable or better to \u0000that of previous research making use of the same dataset, achieving 95% accuracy \u0000under repeated 10-fold cross validation using grouped postural transitions. The work \u0000in this paper also achieves 94% accuracy under repeated 10-fold cross validation \u0000whilst treating each common postural transition as a separate class (and thus \u0000providing more context to each activity).","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"19-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69264166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EnergyPlus vs. Monthly ISO 13790 for Israeli Climatic Zones","authors":"S. Hassid","doi":"10.30958/ajs.6-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajs.6-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69266964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of digital transformation and use of Industry 4.0 technology in companies, machines and other objects are increasingly being equipped with sensors. Normally, these machines are monitored 24/7, so that data streams are continuously generated by sensors. These data has to be stored in a database. In order to facilitate a fast data mining process and the use of machine learning algorithms, a performant and robust data store for the vast amount of sensor data is necessary. These raw time series sensor data has typical structures that are difficult to model with traditional database management systems. Here, column-oriented In-Memory databases like SAP HANA or Gorilla are better suited. However, SAP HANA have not been developed to store relational data, so that it contains components like transaction and concurrency control, which are unnecessary for the named range of application, because machine learning algorithms only need reading access. By reducing this concept to the essentials, a specialized, lightweight In-Memory database management system can be developed, which perfectly fits to the characteristics of time series sensor data. For that concept the benefits of the In-Memory data structure of SAP HANA and Facebook Gorilla are merged and combined with additional meta information like limits for minimum and maximum warning for each sensor, special user specified column fields or rules for sampling and replenishment values. The evaluation of the implemented prototype shows on the one hand that the time series sensor data can be stored efficiently using a new table structure and an intelligent combination of the ZFP compression method with a block orientated data structure, which results in a good insert performance. On the other hand, this storage logic leads to an efficient data access of the compressed in-memory data structure, thus every reporting or analyzing tasks access the data efficiently and fast.
{"title":"A Concept of an In-Memory Database for IoT Sensor Data","authors":"Marina Burdack, M. Rössle, René Kübler","doi":"10.30958/AJS.5-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/AJS.5-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of digital transformation and use of Industry 4.0 technology in companies, machines and other objects are increasingly being equipped with sensors. Normally, these machines are monitored 24/7, so that data streams are continuously generated by sensors. These data has to be stored in a database. In order to facilitate a fast data mining process and the use of machine learning algorithms, a performant and robust data store for the vast amount of sensor data is necessary. These raw time series sensor data has typical structures that are difficult to model with traditional database management systems. Here, column-oriented In-Memory databases like SAP HANA or Gorilla are better suited. However, SAP HANA have not been developed to store relational data, so that it contains components like transaction and concurrency control, which are unnecessary for the named range of application, because machine learning algorithms only need reading access. By reducing this concept to the essentials, a specialized, lightweight In-Memory database management system can be developed, which perfectly fits to the characteristics of time series sensor data. For that concept the benefits of the In-Memory data structure of SAP HANA and Facebook Gorilla are merged and combined with additional meta information like limits for minimum and maximum warning for each sensor, special user specified column fields or rules for sampling and replenishment values. The evaluation of the implemented prototype shows on the one hand that the time series sensor data can be stored efficiently using a new table structure and an intelligent combination of the ZFP compression method with a block orientated data structure, which results in a good insert performance. On the other hand, this storage logic leads to an efficient data access of the compressed in-memory data structure, thus every reporting or analyzing tasks access the data efficiently and fast.","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46798800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is not only ecological circumstance but also related with economy, law, energy, industrial processes and daily life habits. Within the framework of our work, we will focus on the factors affecting the climate like greenhouse effect, carbon emissions, methane effect and on different climate change scenarios. A literature review will be given on the first part. A big effort is made on International and European Law basis for facing the Climate Change and the rapid environmental consequences. EU member countries accept urgent need for the protection of the environment which plays a great role in Climate Change. A comprehensive legal approach will be done from the side of EU law and International law on Climate Change and environmental law. An extensive information will be given about different conventions and agreements like UN Climate Convention, Paris Convention, Kyoto Protocol, UNFCCC Meetings, the Aarhus Convention and other international Fora. Special attention will be given to the human Rights related with the Climate Change and to the sanctions provided. The Study will explore the legal framework on the European and International Jurisprudence. Second aim of our work is also to use statistical methods and tools about climate change. Chosen statistical methods with current statistical data will help to evaluate countries. We also focus on making prediction for the future and to show the trend of global warming as long as the current activities continue. On this view, we will examine if the recommendations that we will develop will be taken in consideration how this trend will be affected. The legal recommendations and statistical studies will be an important step to prevent Climate Change.
{"title":"Legal and Statistical Framework of Climate Change from the EU and International Point of View","authors":"A. G. Öncel, T. Tzanakis","doi":"10.30958/ajs.5-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajs.5-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is not only ecological circumstance but also related with economy, law, energy, industrial processes and daily life habits. Within the framework of our work, we will focus on the factors affecting the climate like greenhouse effect, carbon emissions, methane effect and on different climate change scenarios. A literature review will be given on the first part. A big effort is made on International and European Law basis for facing the Climate Change and the rapid environmental consequences. EU member countries accept urgent need for the protection of the environment which plays a great role in Climate Change. A comprehensive legal approach will be done from the side of EU law and International law on Climate Change and environmental law. An extensive information will be given about different conventions and agreements like UN Climate Convention, Paris Convention, Kyoto Protocol, UNFCCC Meetings, the Aarhus Convention and other international Fora. Special attention will be given to the human Rights related with the Climate Change and to the sanctions provided. The Study will explore the legal framework on the European and International Jurisprudence. Second aim of our work is also to use statistical methods and tools about climate change. Chosen statistical methods with current statistical data will help to evaluate countries. We also focus on making prediction for the future and to show the trend of global warming as long as the current activities continue. On this view, we will examine if the recommendations that we will develop will be taken in consideration how this trend will be affected. The legal recommendations and statistical studies will be an important step to prevent Climate Change.","PeriodicalId":91843,"journal":{"name":"Athens journal of sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49192601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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