Lithium-ion batteries are the most popular kind of rechargeable batteries accommodate in portable electronic devices up to date. As the Lithium deposits are depleting the cost of Lithium-ion batteries is increasing. Sodium- ion batteries can be introduced as an alternative technology which can replace expensive Lithium-ion batteries. Sodium sources are highly abundant and therefore Sodium-ion batteries could be made cheaper than Lithium-ion batteries. A number of cathode materials which were accommodated in Lithium-ion batteries have also been tested as cathode materials for Sodium-ion batteries. This research was based on a Sodium-ion battery which cathode was prepared using Sodium cobalt phosphate. The cathode material was prepared using a simple solid-state reaction between Cobalt (II) oxide and Sodium phosphate. The prepared material was characterized using powder XRD. Chargedischarge cycles, cyclic voltammetry analyzing, impedance curve matching to obtain equivalent circuit was used in order to analyze the performance of the prepared cathode in the battery. The discharge capacity of the cathode was calculated as 9.58 mA h g-1. The cyclic voltammetry curve has shown that an oxidation and reduction processes involved in the battery cycle but the battery cycle was not completely reversible. KEYWORDS: Rechargeable batteries, Sodium cobalt oxide, cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge cycles.
锂离子电池是目前便携式电子设备中最流行的一种可充电电池。随着锂储量的消耗，锂离子电池的成本也在不断上升。钠离子电池可以作为一种替代技术，取代昂贵的锂离子电池。钠的来源非常丰富，因此钠离子电池可以比锂离子电池更便宜。许多用于锂离子电池的正极材料也作为钠离子电池的正极材料进行了测试。本研究以磷酸钴钠为阴极材料制备钠离子电池为研究对象。阴极材料采用氧化钴(II)和磷酸钠之间的简单固相反应制备。用粉末XRD对制备的材料进行了表征。采用充放电循环、循环伏安法分析、阻抗曲线匹配获得等效电路等方法对制备的阴极在电池中的性能进行了分析。阴极的放电容量为9.58 mA h g-1。循环伏安曲线表明，电池循环过程中存在氧化还原过程，但电池循环过程并非完全可逆。关键词:可充电电池，氧化钴钠，循环伏安法，充放电循环。
{"title":"Development of Sodium-Ion Rechargeable Battery Using Sodium Cobalt Phosphate Cathode","authors":"H. D. Wijesinghe, C. H. Manathunga, V. Perera","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V6I1.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V6I1.86","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries are the most popular kind of rechargeable batteries accommodate in portable electronic devices up to date. As the Lithium deposits are depleting the cost of Lithium-ion batteries is increasing. Sodium- ion batteries can be introduced as an alternative technology which can replace expensive Lithium-ion batteries. Sodium sources are highly abundant and therefore Sodium-ion batteries could be made cheaper than Lithium-ion batteries. A number of cathode materials which were accommodated in Lithium-ion batteries have also been tested as cathode materials for Sodium-ion batteries. This research was based on a Sodium-ion battery which cathode was prepared using Sodium cobalt phosphate. The cathode material was prepared using a simple solid-state reaction between Cobalt (II) oxide and Sodium phosphate. The prepared material was characterized using powder XRD. Chargedischarge cycles, cyclic voltammetry analyzing, impedance curve matching to obtain equivalent circuit was used in order to analyze the performance of the prepared cathode in the battery. The discharge capacity of the cathode was calculated as 9.58 mA h g-1. The cyclic voltammetry curve has shown that an oxidation and reduction processes involved in the battery cycle but the battery cycle was not completely reversible. KEYWORDS: Rechargeable batteries, Sodium cobalt oxide, cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge cycles.","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82771113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted on a frugivorous bird species, Yellow-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus penicillatus) which is an endemic and threatened species, at Horton Plains National Park (HPNP), from September 2015 to November 2017. Direct methods as focal animal sampling and faecal analysis were used to identify food items of P. penicillatus. Feeding plants were identified using field guides. To find out the fruit phenology, ten individuals per plant species were tagged. Fruit cover was estimated in the each tagged tree. According to the present findings, P. penicillatus mainly consumed, 16 species of feeding plants belonging to eleven families. Among them six endemic, eight native and one introduced species were observed. P. penicillatus consumed Rubus ellipticus as their major fruit source. There were seeds of nine plant species were identified by faecal analysis. Maximum ripen fruit cover was recorded from Solanum mauritianum in the northeast monsoon season, first inter-monsoon season and second intermonsoon season. However, in the southwest monsoon season highest ripen fruit cover was recorded from Berberis ceylanica. There was a correlation between number of feeding attempts and ripen fruit cover, of Symplocos bractealis, S. mauritianum and Strobilanthes viscosa. Moreover, there was a correlation between number of feeding attempts and number of trees in fruiting, of Elaeocarpus coreaceus, Passiflora tripartita, Eugenia mabaeoides and S. viscosa. The present study has revealed importance of the floral community to the P. penicillatus. Therefore, it is important to recommend monitoring protocols about the seasonal variations of fruiting phenology in and around HPNP, which are harbouring a large variety of feeding plants of the threatened birds species such as P. penicillatus for conservational purposes. KEYWORDS: Frugivory, Yellow-eared Bulbul, Horton Plains National Park, Seasonal Variation, Tropical Montane Cloud Forest
{"title":"Frugivory Of Yellow-Eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus penicillatus) And Seasonal Variation Of Fruiting Phenology In Tropical Montane Cloud Forests Of Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka","authors":"P. Chandrasiri, W. Mahaulpatha","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V6I1.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V6I1.90","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted on a frugivorous bird species, Yellow-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus penicillatus) which is an endemic and threatened species, at Horton Plains National Park (HPNP), from September 2015 to November 2017. Direct methods as focal animal sampling and faecal analysis were used to identify food items of P. penicillatus. Feeding plants were identified using field guides. To find out the fruit phenology, ten individuals per plant species were tagged. Fruit cover was estimated in the each tagged tree. According to the present findings, P. penicillatus mainly consumed, 16 species of feeding plants belonging to eleven families. Among them six endemic, eight native and one introduced species were observed. P. penicillatus consumed Rubus ellipticus as their major fruit source. There were seeds of nine plant species were identified by faecal analysis. Maximum ripen fruit cover was recorded from Solanum mauritianum in the northeast monsoon season, first inter-monsoon season and second intermonsoon season. However, in the southwest monsoon season highest ripen fruit cover was recorded from Berberis ceylanica. There was a correlation between number of feeding attempts and ripen fruit cover, of Symplocos bractealis, S. mauritianum and Strobilanthes viscosa. Moreover, there was a correlation between number of feeding attempts and number of trees in fruiting, of Elaeocarpus coreaceus, Passiflora tripartita, Eugenia mabaeoides and S. viscosa. The present study has revealed importance of the floral community to the P. penicillatus. Therefore, it is important to recommend monitoring protocols about the seasonal variations of fruiting phenology in and around HPNP, which are harbouring a large variety of feeding plants of the threatened birds species such as P. penicillatus for conservational purposes. KEYWORDS: Frugivory, Yellow-eared Bulbul, Horton Plains National Park, Seasonal Variation, Tropical Montane Cloud Forest","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74720039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ranawaka, H. M. D. Nisansala, N. Sirimuthu, N. K. C. Patabendige
Lubricants play a vital role in reducing the wear and tear of engine/gear box metal parts. Number of analytical and spectroscopic methods have been used to analyze the quality of the lubricant oil. Moreover some parameters such as Total Acid Number (TAN), viscosity index also have been used to analyze the quality of the oil. Several used wind turbine gear oil samples were analyzed by various spectroscopic methods such as UV-Visible, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Fluorescence method gave promising results among those three spectroscopic methods. In order to study thermal degradation, motor oil samples were subjected to artificial aging in the laboratory conditions by heating them up to different temperatures for different time periods and then subsequently analyzed with fluorescence spectroscopic method. Subsequently two used engine oil samples from a same diesel engine vehicle were analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopic method. Notable variation in fluorescence emission intensities was observed with oil aging. Intensity of the fluorescence emission signal decrease with oil degradation. Therefore fluorescence spectroscopic method can be used to predict the reusability of gear oils as well as to identify the oil degradation. This method can be further extended to develop a novel potential sensor to detect the quality of oil in various types of engines. KEYWORDS : Lubricant oil, Oil degradation, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Analytical methods.
{"title":"Spectroscopic Methods for Lubricant Quality Control in Engines and Gear Boxes","authors":"R. Ranawaka, H. M. D. Nisansala, N. Sirimuthu, N. K. C. Patabendige","doi":"10.4038/ijms.v6i1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v6i1.94","url":null,"abstract":"Lubricants play a vital role in reducing the wear and tear of engine/gear box metal parts. Number of analytical and spectroscopic methods have been used to analyze the quality of the lubricant oil. Moreover some parameters such as Total Acid Number (TAN), viscosity index also have been used to analyze the quality of the oil. Several used wind turbine gear oil samples were analyzed by various spectroscopic methods such as UV-Visible, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Fluorescence method gave promising results among those three spectroscopic methods. In order to study thermal degradation, motor oil samples were subjected to artificial aging in the laboratory conditions by heating them up to different temperatures for different time periods and then subsequently analyzed with fluorescence spectroscopic method. Subsequently two used engine oil samples from a same diesel engine vehicle were analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopic method. Notable variation in fluorescence emission intensities was observed with oil aging. Intensity of the fluorescence emission signal decrease with oil degradation. Therefore fluorescence spectroscopic method can be used to predict the reusability of gear oils as well as to identify the oil degradation. This method can be further extended to develop a novel potential sensor to detect the quality of oil in various types of engines. KEYWORDS : Lubricant oil, Oil degradation, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Analytical methods.","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83175085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The size and pattern of a primate home range depends basically on the availability of distribution of food, the density of the group, free-ranging species and geographical factors. When considering about Sri Lankan primates; Sri Lanka is home to five primate species. Three species belongs to catarrhines, the toque monkey (Macaca sinica), the purple-faced langur (S. vetulus), the grey langur (S. priam thersites) and two or more species of the slender loris (Loris spp.). This study was conducted in Mihinthale wildlife sanctuary and focused on the home range of the toque monkey (Macaca sinica sinica), the purple-faced leaf langur (S. vetulus philbrick), and the grey langur (S. priam thersites). Preliminary observations were started from January 2015 to May of 2015. Intensive data collection was started from May 2015 to September, 2016. Behavioural observations were conducted for 136 days. Three groups were selected randomly to represent all three species for this long term study. Home range data was collected by observations of daily path range of the three species. To determine the actual home range of the three species GPS points and hard copies of maps of the site were used. GIS maps were created to illustrate the area used by each species. The results of the home range sizes of each species indicated that the purple-faced –leaf langur’s home range is the largest among the three species. All macaque groups have a minimum home range when compare with the other two langur species. Macaques mainly depend on human-supplied food and hardly depend on the food from the forest, hence recording the smallest home range among the three primate species. The study concludes that purple - faced leaf langur’s home range is the largest home range than gray langur and toque macaque. Gray langur’s home range is larger than toque macaques and smaller than purple-faced leaf langur. Toque macaque has the smallest home range. The identified two main factors for this difference are the availability of food and the density of groups in the given area. KEYWORDS: food availability, group size, Diurnal, Primate, Home Range
{"title":"Study on Home Range Size and Pattern Among Three Diurnal Non-Human Primates in Mihintale Wildlife Sanctuary in Sri Lanka","authors":"H. Kumara, C. Nahallage, M. Huffman","doi":"10.4038/ijms.v6i1.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v6i1.92","url":null,"abstract":"The size and pattern of a primate home range depends basically on the availability of distribution of food, the density of the group, free-ranging species and geographical factors. When considering about Sri Lankan primates; Sri Lanka is home to five primate species. Three species belongs to catarrhines, the toque monkey (Macaca sinica), the purple-faced langur (S. vetulus), the grey langur (S. priam thersites) and two or more species of the slender loris (Loris spp.). This study was conducted in Mihinthale wildlife sanctuary and focused on the home range of the toque monkey (Macaca sinica sinica), the purple-faced leaf langur (S. vetulus philbrick), and the grey langur (S. priam thersites). Preliminary observations were started from January 2015 to May of 2015. Intensive data collection was started from May 2015 to September, 2016. Behavioural observations were conducted for 136 days. Three groups were selected randomly to represent all three species for this long term study. Home range data was collected by observations of daily path range of the three species. To determine the actual home range of the three species GPS points and hard copies of maps of the site were used. GIS maps were created to illustrate the area used by each species. The results of the home range sizes of each species indicated that the purple-faced –leaf langur’s home range is the largest among the three species. All macaque groups have a minimum home range when compare with the other two langur species. Macaques mainly depend on human-supplied food and hardly depend on the food from the forest, hence recording the smallest home range among the three primate species. The study concludes that purple - faced leaf langur’s home range is the largest home range than gray langur and toque macaque. Gray langur’s home range is larger than toque macaques and smaller than purple-faced leaf langur. Toque macaque has the smallest home range. The identified two main factors for this difference are the availability of food and the density of groups in the given area. KEYWORDS: food availability, group size, Diurnal, Primate, Home Range","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75712903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deliberate Self-harm (DSH) adds a significant burden to the health care system in Sri Lanka. Delivering appropriate psychiatric care is crucial to minimize further risk. The objective of this study was to describe perception on psychiatric care received by patients who are admitted following DSH to selected hospitals in Galle District. Sample was taken from a large study which was intended to describe psychiatric management of patients admitted following DSH to 3 tertiary care hospitals in the Southern province of Sri Lanka. Only a sub-sample of 60 patients was taken for the analysis and it was further supplemented with a qualitative component. An interviewer-administered questionnaire (IAQ) was used and a series of in-depth interviews were also conducted. Descriptive statistics were calculated and qualitative data was analyzed separately. As per the results, only 22 (36.7%) were referred to the psychiatry unit and the rest were discharged only after managing their medical problems. A majority (68.2%) told that they were not informed about the need and importance of psychiatric referral. But a larger proportion mentioned that it was good (54.5%) and it brought some relief to them (81.8%). Only a few acknowledged that it helped them to solve their problems (22.7%) and only a very few (13.6%) told that they were embarrassed because of referring to the psychiatry unit. Out of those who had psychiatric referral, only 59.0% were requested to attend for clinic follow up. But only 41.6% intended to come. Upon inquiring about their overall perception about psychiatric referral, almost all gave positive remarks. However, results of this study can be used a baseline and further studies are needed to confirm burden issue related to the health care system in Sri Lanka. KEYWORDS – Deliberate Self Harm, Psychiatric Care
{"title":"Perception on Psychiatric Care Received by Patients Admitted Following Deliberate Self Harm to Three Hospitals in Galle District","authors":"P. Chandrasiri, W. Gunethunga, H. Rajapakshe","doi":"10.4038/ijms.v6i1.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v6i1.91","url":null,"abstract":"Deliberate Self-harm (DSH) adds a significant burden to the health care system in Sri Lanka. Delivering appropriate psychiatric care is crucial to minimize further risk. The objective of this study was to describe perception on psychiatric care received by patients who are admitted following DSH to selected hospitals in Galle District. Sample was taken from a large study which was intended to describe psychiatric management of patients admitted following DSH to 3 tertiary care hospitals in the Southern province of Sri Lanka. Only a sub-sample of 60 patients was taken for the analysis and it was further supplemented with a qualitative component. An interviewer-administered questionnaire (IAQ) was used and a series of in-depth interviews were also conducted. Descriptive statistics were calculated and qualitative data was analyzed separately. As per the results, only 22 (36.7%) were referred to the psychiatry unit and the rest were discharged only after managing their medical problems. A majority (68.2%) told that they were not informed about the need and importance of psychiatric referral. But a larger proportion mentioned that it was good (54.5%) and it brought some relief to them (81.8%). Only a few acknowledged that it helped them to solve their problems (22.7%) and only a very few (13.6%) told that they were embarrassed because of referring to the psychiatry unit. Out of those who had psychiatric referral, only 59.0% were requested to attend for clinic follow up. But only 41.6% intended to come. Upon inquiring about their overall perception about psychiatric referral, almost all gave positive remarks. However, results of this study can be used a baseline and further studies are needed to confirm burden issue related to the health care system in Sri Lanka. KEYWORDS – Deliberate Self Harm, Psychiatric Care","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79957383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innovative behaviour can be referred as the introduction and application of new ideas, products, processes, and procedures to a person's work role or an organization. The aim of this mapping study is to investigate the areas regarding innovative behaviour of employees in software companies and also to find the research gap by using existing studies from 2008 to 2017. Aspects such as publication year and source, research type, factors affecting innovations and employee innovative behaviour and technologies have been concerned. The study was done by searching five electronic databases. Then the initial result ended up with 487 studies. After applying selection criteria to that result, a total number of 11 studies were selected. In the next stage snowballing and direct search was done to publications of researchers and research groups that accomplished these studies. This resulted in adding 6 more papers. Finally, 17 studies were identified addressing the research topic and answering research questions. A lot of studies were found regarding innovations in organizations and there were few studies about innovative behaviour of employees, but mapping study clearly shows an increase in the interest of the research topic in the recent years. Thus employees are the driving forces of innovations, most of the research papers discussing about innovations have also focused on the employee innovative behaviour. Besides, papers have discussed the factors affecting the employee innovative behaviour. Some of those papers have proposed innovative models to improve innovations. So as the conclusion, the findings show that innovative behaviour of employees is a very important area to consider to enhance innovations in organizations and also more studies should be done regarding the research topic. KEYWORDS: Innovative behaviour, Innovations, Knowledge sharing
{"title":"Innovative Behaviour of Employees in Organizations: A Mapping Study","authors":"S. Vasanthapriyan","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.95","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative behaviour can be referred as the introduction and application of new ideas, products, processes, and procedures to a person's work role or an organization. The aim of this mapping study is to investigate the areas regarding innovative behaviour of employees in software companies and also to find the research gap by using existing studies from 2008 to 2017. Aspects such as publication year and source, research type, factors affecting innovations and employee innovative behaviour and technologies have been concerned. The study was done by searching five electronic databases. Then the initial result ended up with 487 studies. After applying selection criteria to that result, a total number of 11 studies were selected. In the next stage snowballing and direct search was done to publications of researchers and research groups that accomplished these studies. This resulted in adding 6 more papers. Finally, 17 studies were identified addressing the research topic and answering research questions. A lot of studies were found regarding innovations in organizations and there were few studies about innovative behaviour of employees, but mapping study clearly shows an increase in the interest of the research topic in the recent years. Thus employees are the driving forces of innovations, most of the research papers discussing about innovations have also focused on the employee innovative behaviour. Besides, papers have discussed the factors affecting the employee innovative behaviour. Some of those papers have proposed innovative models to improve innovations. So as the conclusion, the findings show that innovative behaviour of employees is a very important area to consider to enhance innovations in organizations and also more studies should be done regarding the research topic. KEYWORDS: Innovative behaviour, Innovations, Knowledge sharing","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84873875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Every aspect of the world is changing rapidly; political and economic transformations seem to arise every nock and corner in the world. Countries tend to demand their economies; dictatorships convert into democracy while creating new institutions and agencies. Due to the changes in economic pathways for women, those who intend to start and operate their own businesses. When women gradually start their own businesses with a view to contribute a large portion in the national economy, the unique skills of women entrepreneurs are yet to recognize. In this context, this research examined women's entrepreneurial characteristics in Sri Lanka mainly based on environmental factors. The case study focused on the VIDATHA program which initiated by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Research in mid-2000. This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental factors on women entrepreneurial characteristics in Western Province, Sri Lanka. The result of this analytical study indicated that there are similarities and differences in experiences of women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka and women entrepreneurs were able to run their businesses and reached successes, despite the work-family conflicts. The outcome of the women’s engagement in business proved that the support for service of the companies and competitiveness is significantly correlated with the environmental factor which the main source for the availability of funding for development of women entrepreneurship. The factors influence women to be at risks of businesses could easily be improved through the activities of business support services, followed by independence, self-confidence and internal locus of control. The business support service is the main factor influenced the development of female entrepreneurship. Competitiveness and government policies were given a negative impact on developments of women entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: Women Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial traits, Entrepreneurial Environmental Factors
{"title":"The Impact of Women Entrepreneurship Development: Case Study of VIDATHA Programme, Sri Lanka","authors":"D. W. C. P. Dambugolla","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.97","url":null,"abstract":"Every aspect of the world is changing rapidly; political and economic transformations seem to arise every nock and corner in the world. Countries tend to demand their economies; dictatorships convert into democracy while creating new institutions and agencies. Due to the changes in economic pathways for women, those who intend to start and operate their own businesses. When women gradually start their own businesses with a view to contribute a large portion in the national economy, the unique skills of women entrepreneurs are yet to recognize. In this context, this research examined women's entrepreneurial characteristics in Sri Lanka mainly based on environmental factors. The case study focused on the VIDATHA program which initiated by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Research in mid-2000. This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental factors on women entrepreneurial characteristics in Western Province, Sri Lanka. The result of this analytical study indicated that there are similarities and differences in experiences of women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka and women entrepreneurs were able to run their businesses and reached successes, despite the work-family conflicts. The outcome of the women’s engagement in business proved that the support for service of the companies and competitiveness is significantly correlated with the environmental factor which the main source for the availability of funding for development of women entrepreneurship. The factors influence women to be at risks of businesses could easily be improved through the activities of business support services, followed by independence, self-confidence and internal locus of control. The business support service is the main factor influenced the development of female entrepreneurship. Competitiveness and government policies were given a negative impact on developments of women entrepreneurship. KEYWORDS: Women Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial traits, Entrepreneurial Environmental Factors","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82009810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Dilshan, W. Prabath, P. V. D. Tharanga, T. Dammalage
With the advancements of technology, the use of GNSS technology in all the surveying applications are significantly growing due to its many several advantages over conventional techniques. However, in most of all surveying applications, the preservation of reliability and positional accuracy should be according to the national surveying standards published by Survey Department of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the uses of GPS augmentation systems with local and wide area differential positioning capabilities have increased demand. Considering the facts, two networks of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) were established in Sri Lanka, covering a part of Colombo district for real-time augmentation as a paid local area service. While it provides higher accurate differential service the users should have mobile internet with additional hardware, limited coverage and has a cost for the service as well. Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) are being developed worldwide due to their unique advantage of wide area coverage. Similarly, along with Airports Authority of India (AAI), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has worked out a joint project to implement the Satellite Based Augmentation System using GPS, called GAGAN (GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation). With the free use and availability of GAGAN in Sri Lanka, this study focuses on validating the applicability of GAGAN in various surveying methods in Sri Lanka. In order to test its performances, Control Surveying, Boundary Surveying and Road Surveying have done with a GAGAN active GNSS receiver by comparing with uncorrected standard positioning. Further, 24 hours of static observations were also collected with GAGAN active GNSS receiver to check the reliability of its use at any time of the day. It is found that accuracy in those applications has improved significantly in SBAS receiver due to real-time GAGAN corrections except in urban and forest areas (disturbing conditions). Further, 24-hour observations confirmed that GAGAN is capable of giving 92.6% of below 1-meter 2D positional accuracy at any time of the day . KEYWORDS: GNSS, GAGAN, Field Surveying, Accuracy
{"title":"Accuracy Analysis of Gagan for Different Types of Surveying Applications","authors":"K. Dilshan, W. Prabath, P. V. D. Tharanga, T. Dammalage","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.99","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancements of technology, the use of GNSS technology in all the surveying applications are significantly growing due to its many several advantages over conventional techniques. However, in most of all surveying applications, the preservation of reliability and positional accuracy should be according to the national surveying standards published by Survey Department of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the uses of GPS augmentation systems with local and wide area differential positioning capabilities have increased demand. Considering the facts, two networks of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) were established in Sri Lanka, covering a part of Colombo district for real-time augmentation as a paid local area service. While it provides higher accurate differential service the users should have mobile internet with additional hardware, limited coverage and has a cost for the service as well. Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) are being developed worldwide due to their unique advantage of wide area coverage. Similarly, along with Airports Authority of India (AAI), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has worked out a joint project to implement the Satellite Based Augmentation System using GPS, called GAGAN (GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation). With the free use and availability of GAGAN in Sri Lanka, this study focuses on validating the applicability of GAGAN in various surveying methods in Sri Lanka. In order to test its performances, Control Surveying, Boundary Surveying and Road Surveying have done with a GAGAN active GNSS receiver by comparing with uncorrected standard positioning. Further, 24 hours of static observations were also collected with GAGAN active GNSS receiver to check the reliability of its use at any time of the day. It is found that accuracy in those applications has improved significantly in SBAS receiver due to real-time GAGAN corrections except in urban and forest areas (disturbing conditions). Further, 24-hour observations confirmed that GAGAN is capable of giving 92.6% of below 1-meter 2D positional accuracy at any time of the day . KEYWORDS: GNSS, GAGAN, Field Surveying, Accuracy","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83591068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contamination by heavy metals in river water is a global problem especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Ten heavy metals were investigated in River Ona located in Ibadan, a state capital in Nigeria. The river which stretches over more than 30km length drains through different land uses in the city. Laboratory analysis conducted on ten water samples collected at 1km equidistance position reveals that concentration levels of six (Lead, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc, Manganese and Iron) out of the ten heavy metal investigated in the study conform to the World Health Organization (2011) recommendation for human consumption while the remaining for elements (Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel and Arsenic) were above the WHO (2011) recommended levels. The mere presence of heavy metals in concentration near those limits considered safe for human consumption should be a matter of concern especially for residents who use the river water for domestic activities and those who consume fish from the river. A number of recommendations were subsequently put forward as a way of quality management of the river water. KEYWORDS: Heavy Metals, Contamination, Pollution, Urbanization, Environment
{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal in Urbanized Tropical River in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"K. Iroye, J. C. Igbozurike","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.98","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination by heavy metals in river water is a global problem especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Ten heavy metals were investigated in River Ona located in Ibadan, a state capital in Nigeria. The river which stretches over more than 30km length drains through different land uses in the city. Laboratory analysis conducted on ten water samples collected at 1km equidistance position reveals that concentration levels of six (Lead, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc, Manganese and Iron) out of the ten heavy metal investigated in the study conform to the World Health Organization (2011) recommendation for human consumption while the remaining for elements (Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel and Arsenic) were above the WHO (2011) recommended levels. The mere presence of heavy metals in concentration near those limits considered safe for human consumption should be a matter of concern especially for residents who use the river water for domestic activities and those who consume fish from the river. A number of recommendations were subsequently put forward as a way of quality management of the river water. KEYWORDS: Heavy Metals, Contamination, Pollution, Urbanization, Environment","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72430486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dissanayake, D.B.P.H. Hareendra Dissabandara, A. Ajward
Board of directors in corporate governance is conceptualized as the perceived ability of a firm to constrain and direct corporate power so that it efficiently creates economic value and equitably distributes economic wealth. Accordingly, this study examines the relationship between the level of compliance with the principles on corporate governance related to the board of directors and corporate performance of listed firms in Sri Lanka using secondary data related to 133 listed companies from 2009 to 2016. This study constructed Board Index related to dimensions (principles): Chairmanship, Nomination Committee, Audit Committee, Remuneration Committee, and Re-election of directors, Company Secretary, Role of the Board, Board Meetings and Board Independence. This study employs panel regression model to examine the relationship between the Board Index (BI) and their relationship with corporate performance and performed with Hausman test for random and fixed effects. The findings indicated that the compliance with these principles are positively related to the financial performance and negatively related with market performance. Thus, this study provides empirical support for the agency perspective in the context of compliance requirements of board of directors leading to higher corporate performance. Insights of this research are offered to listed firms by the compliance of corporate governance principles have the potential to improve company performance. KE Y W ORDS : Agency Perspective, Audit Committee, Corporate Governance, Nomination committee, Remuneration Committee
{"title":"Impact of Compliance with Principles on Board of Directors and Corporate Performance: Empirical Evidence from Sri Lankan Listed Companies","authors":"D. Dissanayake, D.B.P.H. Hareendra Dissabandara, A. Ajward","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V5I2.104","url":null,"abstract":"Board of directors in corporate governance is conceptualized as the perceived ability of a firm to constrain and direct corporate power so that it efficiently creates economic value and equitably distributes economic wealth. Accordingly, this study examines the relationship between the level of compliance with the principles on corporate governance related to the board of directors and corporate performance of listed firms in Sri Lanka using secondary data related to 133 listed companies from 2009 to 2016. This study constructed Board Index related to dimensions (principles): Chairmanship, Nomination Committee, Audit Committee, Remuneration Committee, and Re-election of directors, Company Secretary, Role of the Board, Board Meetings and Board Independence. This study employs panel regression model to examine the relationship between the Board Index (BI) and their relationship with corporate performance and performed with Hausman test for random and fixed effects. The findings indicated that the compliance with these principles are positively related to the financial performance and negatively related with market performance. Thus, this study provides empirical support for the agency perspective in the context of compliance requirements of board of directors leading to higher corporate performance. Insights of this research are offered to listed firms by the compliance of corporate governance principles have the potential to improve company performance. KE Y W ORDS : Agency Perspective, Audit Committee, Corporate Governance, Nomination committee, Remuneration Committee","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78490085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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