The tourism industry is considered as one of the world's fastest growing economic activities and the largest employer of manpower which generates millions of employment opportunities. Since tourism is a labour intensive industry there is an escalating demand for labour in different sectors of tourism. This demand becomes a critical issue due to reasons such as the scarcity of the trained and skilled human resource, lower salaries and wages and unwillingness among many people to pursue tourism-related employment. As a remedy to this critical issue, child labour has been used frequently. They have been employed in both formal and informal sectors of the tourism industry. This situation is more common in the Sri Lanka tourism industry, especially in remote tourism regions. The main objective of this research was to study the nature of child labour in the tourism industry of the Ampara district of Eastern Tourism region of Sri Lanka. After a preliminary survey, Ulla, Panama North and Panama West GNDs of the Ampara district of Eastern tourism region were selected as the study area. Applying judgment and purposive sampling techniques, 56 child workers and 19 accommodation establishments were selected as the sample. Both quantitative and qualitative methods such as questionnaire surveys, observations, interviews, group discussions and case studies were employed to collect data. The data was analyzed applying both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods. The overall findings of the study are discussed under several subheadings including the socioeconomic and family background of child workers, the existing nature and types of child labour, reasons for selecting of employment linked to tourism, places of work, salaries and wages, the nature of expenditure and problems faced by child workers. The overall findings of this study revealed that child workers have been employed in formal and informal sectors of the tourism industry. All the child labours are in the age range between 15 to 17 years. The most common form of utilizing child labour in the study area is as sellers. Economic burdens at home are the major reasons which draw the children to these jobs. Engaging in different activities, they are able to earn an income ranging from Rs. 3,000 to 15,000 and they have spent this income on different purposes. Since there are many problems related to child labour utilization active policies and plans are timely and significant to alleviate these problems. KEYWORDS : Tourism Industry, Child Labour, Labour utilization
{"title":"Child Labour Utilization in the Tourism Industry: A Case Study from Ampara District in Sri Lanka","authors":"H. Hettiarachchi, T. Thennakoon","doi":"10.4038/ijms.v5i2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v5i2.103","url":null,"abstract":"The tourism industry is considered as one of the world's fastest growing economic activities and the largest employer of manpower which generates millions of employment opportunities. Since tourism is a labour intensive industry there is an escalating demand for labour in different sectors of tourism. This demand becomes a critical issue due to reasons such as the scarcity of the trained and skilled human resource, lower salaries and wages and unwillingness among many people to pursue tourism-related employment. As a remedy to this critical issue, child labour has been used frequently. They have been employed in both formal and informal sectors of the tourism industry. This situation is more common in the Sri Lanka tourism industry, especially in remote tourism regions. The main objective of this research was to study the nature of child labour in the tourism industry of the Ampara district of Eastern Tourism region of Sri Lanka. After a preliminary survey, Ulla, Panama North and Panama West GNDs of the Ampara district of Eastern tourism region were selected as the study area. Applying judgment and purposive sampling techniques, 56 child workers and 19 accommodation establishments were selected as the sample. Both quantitative and qualitative methods such as questionnaire surveys, observations, interviews, group discussions and case studies were employed to collect data. The data was analyzed applying both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods. The overall findings of the study are discussed under several subheadings including the socioeconomic and family background of child workers, the existing nature and types of child labour, reasons for selecting of employment linked to tourism, places of work, salaries and wages, the nature of expenditure and problems faced by child workers. The overall findings of this study revealed that child workers have been employed in formal and informal sectors of the tourism industry. All the child labours are in the age range between 15 to 17 years. The most common form of utilizing child labour in the study area is as sellers. Economic burdens at home are the major reasons which draw the children to these jobs. Engaging in different activities, they are able to earn an income ranging from Rs. 3,000 to 15,000 and they have spent this income on different purposes. Since there are many problems related to child labour utilization active policies and plans are timely and significant to alleviate these problems. KEYWORDS : Tourism Industry, Child Labour, Labour utilization","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84922228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are marked differences between the Wet and Intermediate Zones of Sri Lanka in the type of crops selected and cropping practices used by smallholder farmers. This study was specifically geared to i) identify the major smallholder cropping systems in the study area, ii) analyze the relationship between land size and cropping intensity, and iii) to determine how land size, land ownership, proximity to land from the homestead influences the selection of different cropping systems. Data and information were collected from a sample of 96 households in the four selected villages representing each from Kalutara, Kegalle, Moneragala and Hambanthota districts using semi structured interviews, direct observations, case studies and farm sketches. Data were analyzed using a variety of statistical methods including chisquare and general linear model. The study found that the allocation of land for the selected crops was lower in the villages of Kegalle and Kalutara districts compared to the Moneragala and Hambanthota. The study also ascertained that an increase in land size resulted in a decrease in the number of crops grown and cropping intensity in home gardens and rubber smallholdings. Also lower priority was given to intercropping of rubber smallholdings by farmers owned with more than 2 acre of land available, and vice versa. The income level of the household had a considerable influence on several factors including, selection of cropping systems, size of land holding, and allocation of land to different crops. Variation in land ownership between villages had a significant effect on the establishment of crops (p<0.001) i.e. owner-cultivated smallholdings comprised a mixture of many short term and permanent crops while tenant cultivated smallholdings consisted solely of short-term crops. Distance of the land from the homestead had a significant effect on the selection or non-selection of cropping systems. Consequently, crops with less risk and maintenance were grown further out from homestead (e.g. citronella) and rubber compared to banana and tea. Similarly, the form of land smallholdings consisted of a mixture of intercrops (including other permanent crops), and soil protection methods were practiced, whereas tenanted farms had seasonal intercrops with less attention paid to soil protection and improvement. KEYWORDS: Land ownership, Proximity, Land size, Smallholders, Cropping systems
{"title":"Effect of Land related Factors on Smallholder Cropping Systems in Rural Sri Lanka","authors":"T. Thennakoon","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V5I1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V5I1.111","url":null,"abstract":"There are marked differences between the Wet and Intermediate Zones of Sri Lanka in the type of crops selected and cropping practices used by smallholder farmers. This study was specifically geared to i) identify the major smallholder cropping systems in the study area, ii) analyze the relationship between land size and cropping intensity, and iii) to determine how land size, land ownership, proximity to land from the homestead influences the selection of different cropping systems. Data and information were collected from a sample of 96 households in the four selected villages representing each from Kalutara, Kegalle, Moneragala and Hambanthota districts using semi structured interviews, direct observations, case studies and farm sketches. Data were analyzed using a variety of statistical methods including chisquare and general linear model. The study found that the allocation of land for the selected crops was lower in the villages of Kegalle and Kalutara districts compared to the Moneragala and Hambanthota. The study also ascertained that an increase in land size resulted in a decrease in the number of crops grown and cropping intensity in home gardens and rubber smallholdings. Also lower priority was given to intercropping of rubber smallholdings by farmers owned with more than 2 acre of land available, and vice versa. The income level of the household had a considerable influence on several factors including, selection of cropping systems, size of land holding, and allocation of land to different crops. Variation in land ownership between villages had a significant effect on the establishment of crops (p<0.001) i.e. owner-cultivated smallholdings comprised a mixture of many short term and permanent crops while tenant cultivated smallholdings consisted solely of short-term crops. Distance of the land from the homestead had a significant effect on the selection or non-selection of cropping systems. Consequently, crops with less risk and maintenance were grown further out from homestead (e.g. citronella) and rubber compared to banana and tea. Similarly, the form of land smallholdings consisted of a mixture of intercrops (including other permanent crops), and soil protection methods were practiced, whereas tenanted farms had seasonal intercrops with less attention paid to soil protection and improvement. KEYWORDS: Land ownership, Proximity, Land size, Smallholders, Cropping systems","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85148575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can we predict movie Revenue?","authors":"M. Ratnayake","doi":"10.4038/ijms.v5i1.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v5i1.114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89545189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crystalluria has become one of the most vital biomarkers in urinalysis in detecting several disease conditions. It has been reported that urinary tract infections (UTI) may be the presenting sign of Urolithiasis in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and estimate the different types of crystals in the urine samples collected from UTI suspected children who admitted to the Lady Ridgeway Hospital for children, Sri Lanka . A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using 400 children belong to age 250,000, triple phosphate 650-6,000, ammonium biurate and ammonium urate were presented in clumps. KEYWORDS: Crystalluria, Uric Acid, Calcium Oxalate, Triple Phosphate, Ammonium Biurate, Ammonium Urate, Urolithiasis, Urinary Tract Infections
{"title":"Occurrence of Urinary Crystals among Urinary Tract Infections Suspected Paediatric Patients, Sri Lanka","authors":"K. Amarasinghe, A. Gunawardana, A. Priyadarshani","doi":"10.31357/IJMS.V5I1.3895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/IJMS.V5I1.3895","url":null,"abstract":"Crystalluria has become one of the most vital biomarkers in urinalysis in detecting several disease conditions. It has been reported that urinary tract infections (UTI) may be the presenting sign of Urolithiasis in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and estimate the different types of crystals in the urine samples collected from UTI suspected children who admitted to the Lady Ridgeway Hospital for children, Sri Lanka . A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using 400 children belong to age 250,000, triple phosphate 650-6,000, ammonium biurate and ammonium urate were presented in clumps. KEYWORDS: Crystalluria, Uric Acid, Calcium Oxalate, Triple Phosphate, Ammonium Biurate, Ammonium Urate, Urolithiasis, Urinary Tract Infections","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73146629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biometric national identity card schemes are increasingly becoming common around the world and considered as an essential social component of our time. It is assumed that providing national identity cards to all the citizens will help governments to combat various social malice such as terrorism, illegal immigration, fraudulent activities, and accelerate social service delivery. Nevertheless, the introduction of national identity card has been a matter of academic and policy debate. This paper, based on a review of the literature, portrays a general overview and the current state of knowledge and understanding about the issues and concerns associated with national identity schemes. Although the use of biometric technology-based national identity schemes need not or do not face refusals, the unintended, unwelcome and unanticipated consequences on society of such a high-tech scheme must be critically considered to ensure utmost benefits to the society. It is also suggested that in order to combat or control social threats and vices, social resistance is more important than the introduction and use of high technology. KEYWORDS: Identify cards, Biometric, Security, Cost, Opportunity, Threat
{"title":"National Identity Card: The Dilemma between Social Opportunities and Threats","authors":"A. Khan","doi":"10.31357/ijms.v5i1.3878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/ijms.v5i1.3878","url":null,"abstract":"Biometric national identity card schemes are increasingly becoming common around the world and considered as an essential social component of our time. It is assumed that providing national identity cards to all the citizens will help governments to combat various social malice such as terrorism, illegal immigration, fraudulent activities, and accelerate social service delivery. Nevertheless, the introduction of national identity card has been a matter of academic and policy debate. This paper, based on a review of the literature, portrays a general overview and the current state of knowledge and understanding about the issues and concerns associated with national identity schemes. Although the use of biometric technology-based national identity schemes need not or do not face refusals, the unintended, unwelcome and unanticipated consequences on society of such a high-tech scheme must be critically considered to ensure utmost benefits to the society. It is also suggested that in order to combat or control social threats and vices, social resistance is more important than the introduction and use of high technology. KEYWORDS: Identify cards, Biometric, Security, Cost, Opportunity, Threat","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82362582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pirith is believed as a protective doctrine preached by the Load Buddha in Pali language. The aim of this study is to analyze acoustic properties of Pirith using computer-aided methods and identify special characteristics and patterns. In this study, two methods were used to identify special characteristics of Angulimala Sutta. First method calculates voiced to unvoiced ratio using zero crossing rate and energy content associated with the acoustic signal while second method recognizes vowel distribution using first and second formant frequencies. Results of the first method indicates approximately 96% of frames are voiced while the second method suggests approximately 72% of vowels concentrate in the square region of F1,0~1500 Hz and demonstrating when chanting the Angulimala sutta most of the time the tongue height is low positioned in back levels while lips shaped unrounded. KEYWORDS: Formant frequencies, Voiced to unvoiced ratio, Zero-Crossing rate, Vowel distribution
{"title":"Evaluation of Acoustic Parameters for Angulimala Sutta using Voiced to Unvoiced Ration and Vowel Distribution","authors":"M. Gunawardana, S. Gamage","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V5I1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V5I1.107","url":null,"abstract":"Pirith is believed as a protective doctrine preached by the Load Buddha in Pali language. The aim of this study is to analyze acoustic properties of Pirith using computer-aided methods and identify special characteristics and patterns. In this study, two methods were used to identify special characteristics of Angulimala Sutta. First method calculates voiced to unvoiced ratio using zero crossing rate and energy content associated with the acoustic signal while second method recognizes vowel distribution using first and second formant frequencies. Results of the first method indicates approximately 96% of frames are voiced while the second method suggests approximately 72% of vowels concentrate in the square region of F1,0~1500 Hz and demonstrating when chanting the Angulimala sutta most of the time the tongue height is low positioned in back levels while lips shaped unrounded. KEYWORDS: Formant frequencies, Voiced to unvoiced ratio, Zero-Crossing rate, Vowel distribution","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90695036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work was undertaken to find out the impact of merger on the financial performance of Indian manufacturing industry with reference to selected metals and metal products and machinery companies during 1st April 2005 to 31st March 2010. In simple words, this study is all about to find out whether merger & acquisition helps the organization in post-merger period to improve their performance in the sense like; companies achieved liquidity, solvency and improve profitability after merger, companies expand their business activities after merger, is there any improvement in operating performance of merged manufacturing companies and also an attempts to fill this gap in knowledge about M&As in India. KEYWORDS: Mergers, Acquisitions, Financial Performance
{"title":"Post-Merger Financial Performance of Indian Manufacturing Companies with Reference to Metals & Metal Products and Machinery Companies","authors":"P. Mahamuni, A. G. Jumle","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V5I1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V5I1.110","url":null,"abstract":"This research work was undertaken to find out the impact of merger on the financial performance of Indian manufacturing industry with reference to selected metals and metal products and machinery companies during 1st April 2005 to 31st March 2010. In simple words, this study is all about to find out whether merger & acquisition helps the organization in post-merger period to improve their performance in the sense like; companies achieved liquidity, solvency and improve profitability after merger, companies expand their business activities after merger, is there any improvement in operating performance of merged manufacturing companies and also an attempts to fill this gap in knowledge about M&As in India. KEYWORDS: Mergers, Acquisitions, Financial Performance","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82955995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Perera, O. Weerasena, P. Dasanayaka, M. Subhashini
Potato is an economically important crop among vegetables grown in Sri Lanka that mainly relies on healthy seed potatoes. About 40% of the annual seed potato requirement is fulfilled by the import of seed potatoes from Netherland, USA, Germany and France. Import of seed potatoes makes possibilities to enter plant pathogenic pests and diseases to Sri Lanka. Bacterial wilt is one of the most destructive diseases of potato. Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt of potato, is considered as an important quarantine significant plant pathogen in Sri Lanka. The currently available conventional methods such as culture methods, biochemical methods are time consuming, very laborious and not sensitive for the detection of R. solanacearum in imported seed potatoes. Although immunodiagnostic methods are rapid, the sensitivity is not enough to detect the bacterium in asymptomatic or latently infected seed potatoes. In this study, a DNA-based detection method was applied to screen seed potatoes imported into Sri Lanka and 5 out of 30 tested samples (17%) were positive for R. solanacearum. The seed potato samples detected as infected with R. solanacearum were further studied and it revealed that the Asian phylotype I and the American phylotype II were detected from seed potato samples imported to the country. Phylotype II (Race 3/biovar 2) was detected in seed potatoes imported from USA and France and both phylotype I and phylotype II (Race 3/biovar 2) were detected in seed potatoes imported from Netherland from where majority of seed potatoes are imported into the country. The quarantine measures should be strictly followed to avoid the spread and establishment of phylotype II, Race 3/biovar 2 strains within the country, as it is the extremely destructive potato pathogen which have a restricted distribution in higher elevations of Sri Lanka. Further, the DNA-based method can be used to identify the pathogen to avoid the introduction or entry of R. solanacearum into the country for the betterment of potato cultivation in Sri Lanka. KEYWORDS: Seed potato, Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, Quarantine pest, Rsol_fliC
{"title":"Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in Asymptomatic Imported Seed Potato using a DNA-based Method","authors":"A. Perera, O. Weerasena, P. Dasanayaka, M. Subhashini","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V5I1.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V5I1.109","url":null,"abstract":"Potato is an economically important crop among vegetables grown in Sri Lanka that mainly relies on healthy seed potatoes. About 40% of the annual seed potato requirement is fulfilled by the import of seed potatoes from Netherland, USA, Germany and France. Import of seed potatoes makes possibilities to enter plant pathogenic pests and diseases to Sri Lanka. Bacterial wilt is one of the most destructive diseases of potato. Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt of potato, is considered as an important quarantine significant plant pathogen in Sri Lanka. The currently available conventional methods such as culture methods, biochemical methods are time consuming, very laborious and not sensitive for the detection of R. solanacearum in imported seed potatoes. Although immunodiagnostic methods are rapid, the sensitivity is not enough to detect the bacterium in asymptomatic or latently infected seed potatoes. In this study, a DNA-based detection method was applied to screen seed potatoes imported into Sri Lanka and 5 out of 30 tested samples (17%) were positive for R. solanacearum. The seed potato samples detected as infected with R. solanacearum were further studied and it revealed that the Asian phylotype I and the American phylotype II were detected from seed potato samples imported to the country. Phylotype II (Race 3/biovar 2) was detected in seed potatoes imported from USA and France and both phylotype I and phylotype II (Race 3/biovar 2) were detected in seed potatoes imported from Netherland from where majority of seed potatoes are imported into the country. The quarantine measures should be strictly followed to avoid the spread and establishment of phylotype II, Race 3/biovar 2 strains within the country, as it is the extremely destructive potato pathogen which have a restricted distribution in higher elevations of Sri Lanka. Further, the DNA-based method can be used to identify the pathogen to avoid the introduction or entry of R. solanacearum into the country for the betterment of potato cultivation in Sri Lanka. KEYWORDS: Seed potato, Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, Quarantine pest, Rsol_fliC","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75022310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The taxonomic composition of ichthyofauna and decapods inhabited in Colombo port were studied. Sampling was carried out for nine months from April to December 2013 using multiple sampling techniques such as crab traps, hook and lines, gee-minnow traps, fish cage traps, cast nets, scoop nets as well as visual observations. Out of the 45 species of ichthyofauna, 44 species were belonging to Class Actinopterygii, and only one species belonged to Class Chondrichthyes. 5 species of crabs of the families Xanthidae, Portunidae, Grapsidae, and Menippidae were also recorded. The highest number of species were recorded from the site South Jetty followed by Passenger Jetty, Tug and Launch and South Asia Gateway Terminal. According to the findings, 30 species of fishes and 4 species of crabs were new records for the Colombo port environment. Two near threaten fishes, Epinephelus malabaricus and Epinephelus coioides were also recorded. KEYWORDS: Taxonomic composition, Colombo port, Near Threaten, Fish, Crabs
{"title":"Diversity and Distribution of Ichthyofauna and Decapods within Colombo Port, Sri Lanka","authors":"R. Ranatunga, M. Marasinghe","doi":"10.31357/IJMS.V5I1.3896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/IJMS.V5I1.3896","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomic composition of ichthyofauna and decapods inhabited in Colombo port were studied. Sampling was carried out for nine months from April to December 2013 using multiple sampling techniques such as crab traps, hook and lines, gee-minnow traps, fish cage traps, cast nets, scoop nets as well as visual observations. Out of the 45 species of ichthyofauna, 44 species were belonging to Class Actinopterygii, and only one species belonged to Class Chondrichthyes. 5 species of crabs of the families Xanthidae, Portunidae, Grapsidae, and Menippidae were also recorded. The highest number of species were recorded from the site South Jetty followed by Passenger Jetty, Tug and Launch and South Asia Gateway Terminal. According to the findings, 30 species of fishes and 4 species of crabs were new records for the Colombo port environment. Two near threaten fishes, Epinephelus malabaricus and Epinephelus coioides were also recorded. KEYWORDS: Taxonomic composition, Colombo port, Near Threaten, Fish, Crabs","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81402404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erythrocytes infected malaria parasites have increased permeability to nutrients and other solutes, as mediated by an unusual ion channel known as the plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC). Although the increased permeability of infected erythrocytes was identified more than 70 years ago and subsequently characterized with tracer studies, its mechanism and role in parasite biology remained unclear until the introduction of patch-clamp methods and high-throughput screening technologies. These methods discovered and implicated PSAC as the primary mechanism, determined that this channel is essential for parasite development, led to identification of the channel's genes, and stimulated antimalarial drug discovery against this target. Despite these advances, many questions remain about this unusual parasite channel. Our review highlights some recent advances and describes important questions for future research.
{"title":"Malaria parasite proteins involved in nutrient channels at the host erythrocyte membrane: advances and questions for future research.","authors":"S Chalapareddy, S A Desai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erythrocytes infected malaria parasites have increased permeability to nutrients and other solutes, as mediated by an unusual ion channel known as the plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC). Although the increased permeability of infected erythrocytes was identified more than 70 years ago and subsequently characterized with tracer studies, its mechanism and role in parasite biology remained unclear until the introduction of patch-clamp methods and high-throughput screening technologies. These methods discovered and implicated PSAC as the primary mechanism, determined that this channel is essential for parasite development, led to identification of the channel's genes, and stimulated antimalarial drug discovery against this target. Despite these advances, many questions remain about this unusual parasite channel. Our review highlights some recent advances and describes important questions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5516901/pdf/nihms876736.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35192801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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