This study investigated the correlate between academic performances of students in continuous assessment and National Examinations Council English language in Jos-South, Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The researchers used correlational research design in the study. Five hundred and six (506) students who sat for English language National Examinations Council (NECO) examination in 2016/2017 academic session in Jos-South of Plateau State public and private schools were selected as study sample through the use of simple random sampling technique. The sample consisted of 291 males and 215 females. Frequency, percentage, t-test and Pearson product correlation analysis were used to analyze the data collected for the study. The results of the study revealed no significant relationship between academic performance of students’ in Continuous Assessment (CA) English language and NECO English language. Also, no significant difference was found between male and female students’ academic performance in CA and NECO English language examination while significant difference existed between private and public school students’ performance in CA and NECO English language examination. It was recommended that school administrators should monitor the conduct of English language CA by their teachers in order to improve students’ performance in NECO English language examinations.
{"title":"Correlation between the academic performance of students in continuous assessment and the National Examinations Council in English language in Jos-South, Nigeria","authors":"Adekunle Thomas Olutola, F. Nini","doi":"10.4038/ijms.v7i1.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v7i1.124","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the correlate between academic performances of students in continuous assessment and National Examinations Council English language in Jos-South, Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The researchers used correlational research design in the study. Five hundred and six (506) students who sat for English language National Examinations Council (NECO) examination in 2016/2017 academic session in Jos-South of Plateau State public and private schools were selected as study sample through the use of simple random sampling technique. The sample consisted of 291 males and 215 females. Frequency, percentage, t-test and Pearson product correlation analysis were used to analyze the data collected for the study. The results of the study revealed no significant relationship between academic performance of students’ in Continuous Assessment (CA) English language and NECO English language. Also, no significant difference was found between male and female students’ academic performance in CA and NECO English language examination while significant difference existed between private and public school students’ performance in CA and NECO English language examination. It was recommended that school administrators should monitor the conduct of English language CA by their teachers in order to improve students’ performance in NECO English language examinations.","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81588466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animal welfare has been debated around the world, as humans continue to focus on satisfying their limitless needs and desires. They use nature as a means of survival and need satisfaction. Animals are part of nature and many environmentalists struggle for survival and the right to life of animals. The human world is focused solely on industrial development, human livelihoods and the instrumental value of nature. When discussing the nature and well-being of animals, it is necessary to take into account a moral consideration based on the intrinsic value of nature. This includes surviving animals for their own good, which is, protecting animals for their own betterment. Social wellbeing is defined as a better life. This research focuses primarily on how to provide a better life for animals while giving them a moral concern via the non-anthropological vision as explained by environmental ethics. Environmental ethics embraces knowledge by providing insight into thinking morally about nonhuman beings. The qualitative methodology was adopted for the research contains the philosophical and moral analysis. As a result, this implies analytical and comparative approaches to environmental ethics. Secondary data were collected as part of several articles, research and books on environmental ethics. Non- anthropocentric is a successful measure of reducing the gap between humans and animals. It is useful and useful in implementing legislation and policies that positively support the welfare of animals and the protection of all nonhuman beings. The world needs a moral philosophical consideration to protect animals and the welfare of animals .
{"title":"Non-anthropocentric view towards animal welfare: a moral philosophical analysis","authors":"R. N. Fernando","doi":"10.4038/ijms.v7i1.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v7i1.122","url":null,"abstract":"Animal welfare has been debated around the world, as humans continue to focus on satisfying their limitless needs and desires. They use nature as a means of survival and need satisfaction. Animals are part of nature and many environmentalists struggle for survival and the right to life of animals. The human world is focused solely on industrial development, human livelihoods and the instrumental value of nature. When discussing the nature and well-being of animals, it is necessary to take into account a moral consideration based on the intrinsic value of nature. This includes surviving animals for their own good, which is, protecting animals for their own betterment. Social wellbeing is defined as a better life. This research focuses primarily on how to provide a better life for animals while giving them a moral concern via the non-anthropological vision as explained by environmental ethics. Environmental ethics embraces knowledge by providing insight into thinking morally about nonhuman beings. The qualitative methodology was adopted for the research contains the philosophical and moral analysis. As a result, this implies analytical and comparative approaches to environmental ethics. Secondary data were collected as part of several articles, research and books on environmental ethics. Non- anthropocentric is a successful measure of reducing the gap between humans and animals. It is useful and useful in implementing legislation and policies that positively support the welfare of animals and the protection of all nonhuman beings. The world needs a moral philosophical consideration to protect animals and the welfare of animals .","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82302056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development can be defined as a specified state of growth or advancement; a new and advanced product or idea; an event constituting a new stage in a changing situation. In its involvement in enhancing living conditions in the poor, developing countries might well be very different from those in the rich countries since development covers areas like social, cultural, spiritual and economic. The Samanala Wewa development project was commissioned in 1992. It has become the key factor for many socio-cultural changes in the area. The Samanala Wewa dam is located in the Uda Walawe basin, near Balangoda. The main objective of this study was confined to finding out the appropriateness of the Samanala Wewa project in paving the way for a development that would open new opportunities for the people of the area. Data for the study were collected through an interview schedule from fifty households out of 153 in three villages located near the Samanala Wewa reservoir. According to the results of this research, 86% of those who answered as “satisfied” with the project gave the reason for it as “improvement in infrastructure and access to society” brought about by the relocation to suburban areas, while 14% of those who answered “unsatisfied” raised as reasons “loss of self-sufficient economy and rural life,” showing that reaction to the change in environment caused by the relocation from rural to suburban areas varies by the resident. It is presumed that dissatisfaction or “loss of self-sufficient economy and rural life” is caused by financial difficulties such as difficulty in finding jobs and low cash income. Accordingly, this project can be identified as one which is not merely unsuccessful. However, it should be carried out with some social development projects to uplift the quality of life of the people concerned.
{"title":"Socio-cultural factors that determine the success and failure of a development project. (With special reference to Samanala Wewa development project in Sri Lanka)","authors":"S. Samarasekara","doi":"10.4038/ijms.v7i1.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v7i1.119","url":null,"abstract":"Development can be defined as a specified state of growth or advancement; a new and advanced product or idea; an event constituting a new stage in a changing situation. In its involvement in enhancing living conditions in the poor, developing countries might well be very different from those in the rich countries since development covers areas like social, cultural, spiritual and economic. The Samanala Wewa development project was commissioned in 1992. It has become the key factor for many socio-cultural changes in the area. The Samanala Wewa dam is located in the Uda Walawe basin, near Balangoda. The main objective of this study was confined to finding out the appropriateness of the Samanala Wewa project in paving the way for a development that would open new opportunities for the people of the area. Data for the study were collected through an interview schedule from fifty households out of 153 in three villages located near the Samanala Wewa reservoir. According to the results of this research, 86% of those who answered as “satisfied” with the project gave the reason for it as “improvement in infrastructure and access to society” brought about by the relocation to suburban areas, while 14% of those who answered “unsatisfied” raised as reasons “loss of self-sufficient economy and rural life,” showing that reaction to the change in environment caused by the relocation from rural to suburban areas varies by the resident. It is presumed that dissatisfaction or “loss of self-sufficient economy and rural life” is caused by financial difficulties such as difficulty in finding jobs and low cash income. Accordingly, this project can be identified as one which is not merely unsuccessful. However, it should be carried out with some social development projects to uplift the quality of life of the people concerned.","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75171548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since independence, reforms towards Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) have focused on designing of legal and administrative structures that institutionalize decentralized governance and planning, while guaranteeing that such a system does not allow the local elite to dominate the marginalized units of the people. With the advent of the 73rd amendment in Indian constitution, the panchayat system is looked as a significant development in handling rural governance in India. In this aspect, the state of Karnataka can be considered in many ways as one of the active states in promoting decentralization. Karnataka is in the forefront when it comes to devolution of functions and financial powers to PRIs. Hence, the current study has the broad objective to undertake a situational and adopting SWOT analysis to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) related to existing Watershed committees and Water User Co-operative Societies in Karnataka under Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) in terms of the structure, function and factors influencing in implementation of Watershed programme in the state of Karnataka, India. The findings revealed that about 90 % percent of all committees are found to exist on record (structural level), SWOT analysis clearly shown that community-led water use associations are performing better than the department led water user associations in the implementation of IWMP. While the structure and legal status of PRIs have matured over the years, it is clearly recognized that true public involvement in progress and governance through PRIs has a long way to go.KEYWORDS: Decentralisation, Participatory Development, Local Governance, Integrated Watershed Management Programme
{"title":"Community and institutional led multi-disciplinary approaches in implementation of integrated watershed management in India: a case study from Karnataka State","authors":"K. Prabhakar","doi":"10.31357/IJMS.V7I1.4818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/IJMS.V7I1.4818","url":null,"abstract":"Since independence, reforms towards Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) have focused on designing of legal and administrative structures that institutionalize decentralized governance and planning, while guaranteeing that such a system does not allow the local elite to dominate the marginalized units of the people. With the advent of the 73rd amendment in Indian constitution, the panchayat system is looked as a significant development in handling rural governance in India. In this aspect, the state of Karnataka can be considered in many ways as one of the active states in promoting decentralization. Karnataka is in the forefront when it comes to devolution of functions and financial powers to PRIs. Hence, the current study has the broad objective to undertake a situational and adopting SWOT analysis to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) related to existing Watershed committees and Water User Co-operative Societies in Karnataka under Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) in terms of the structure, function and factors influencing in implementation of Watershed programme in the state of Karnataka, India. The findings revealed that about 90 % percent of all committees are found to exist on record (structural level), SWOT analysis clearly shown that community-led water use associations are performing better than the department led water user associations in the implementation of IWMP. While the structure and legal status of PRIs have matured over the years, it is clearly recognized that true public involvement in progress and governance through PRIs has a long way to go.KEYWORDS: Decentralisation, Participatory Development, Local Governance, Integrated Watershed Management Programme","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90476193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out to investigate the salinity tolerance of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) occurring in Sri Jayewardenepura canal system, in order to assess its suitability to control brackishwater breeding mosquito species such as Aedes sp. Guppies were exposed to different salinity levels directly and gradually under laboratory conditions in glass tanks. To test the direct effect of salinity, 9 different salinities (ranging from 0ppt as a control to35ppt) prepared in three replicates, each stocked with 10 fish were kept for a period of 12 weeks. To test the effect of gradual increase of salinity, three tanks containing freshwater were stocked with 10 fish in each and a gradual increase of salinity (by 5ppt once in 2 weeks up to 38ppt) was done. Mortality rates, growth (total length) and the breeding of fish were recorded in both experiments at regular time intervals. When the fish were exposed to different salinities directly, fish started dying at 10 ppt (10% mortality) after the fourth day of exposure and this mortality rate was observed in 10-20ppt salinity ranges within the 12 weeks (0% mortality was recorded in control tank). 50% survival was shown at 28ppt salinity level at the end of the 12 th week. Beyond 28ppt, there was 100% mortality. Fish showed an average of 5-7 mm growth in salinity levels up to 28ppt but they were not significantly different (p=0.886). Breeding was seen in salinity levels up to 20ppt producing 7-15 fry/female and the fry also could tolerate the salinity levels they were bred into with a mortality level of 20-30% within the study period. Contrast to the above results, the fish when exposed to gradual increasing of salinity levels could survive up to 38ppt with only a 20% mortality rate. They showed a length increase between 1-5mm, in all salinity levels but they were not significantly different (p=0.330). In gradually increasing salinity levels, fish were seen breeding even at 35 ppt (7-10 fry/female) with 10-20 % mortality rate. The results show that the guppy can tolerate and survive in salinity levels up to 28ppt when they are directly introduced from the wild and they can tolerate up to a level of 38ppt salinity if the salinity levels increase gradually. They can grow under saline conditions and breed successfully and the fry can survive well in the saline environment. This makes wild caught P. reticulata (guppy) a potential candidate that can be used as a bio-control agent in the control of species such as Aedes sp-mosquito that breed in brackish water environments of Sri Lanka. KEYWORDS: Gappy,Salinity,Aedes sp ,Bio-control
{"title":"Salinity tolerance of wild Poecilia reticulata (guppy) under laboratory conditions","authors":"P. Pethiyagoda, S. Alwis, B. Silva","doi":"10.31357/IJMS.V6I2.4338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/IJMS.V6I2.4338","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to investigate the salinity tolerance of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) occurring in Sri Jayewardenepura canal system, in order to assess its suitability to control brackishwater breeding mosquito species such as Aedes sp. Guppies were exposed to different salinity levels directly and gradually under laboratory conditions in glass tanks. To test the direct effect of salinity, 9 different salinities (ranging from 0ppt as a control to35ppt) prepared in three replicates, each stocked with 10 fish were kept for a period of 12 weeks. To test the effect of gradual increase of salinity, three tanks containing freshwater were stocked with 10 fish in each and a gradual increase of salinity (by 5ppt once in 2 weeks up to 38ppt) was done. Mortality rates, growth (total length) and the breeding of fish were recorded in both experiments at regular time intervals. When the fish were exposed to different salinities directly, fish started dying at 10 ppt (10% mortality) after the fourth day of exposure and this mortality rate was observed in 10-20ppt salinity ranges within the 12 weeks (0% mortality was recorded in control tank). 50% survival was shown at 28ppt salinity level at the end of the 12 th week. Beyond 28ppt, there was 100% mortality. Fish showed an average of 5-7 mm growth in salinity levels up to 28ppt but they were not significantly different (p=0.886). Breeding was seen in salinity levels up to 20ppt producing 7-15 fry/female and the fry also could tolerate the salinity levels they were bred into with a mortality level of 20-30% within the study period. Contrast to the above results, the fish when exposed to gradual increasing of salinity levels could survive up to 38ppt with only a 20% mortality rate. They showed a length increase between 1-5mm, in all salinity levels but they were not significantly different (p=0.330). In gradually increasing salinity levels, fish were seen breeding even at 35 ppt (7-10 fry/female) with 10-20 % mortality rate. The results show that the guppy can tolerate and survive in salinity levels up to 28ppt when they are directly introduced from the wild and they can tolerate up to a level of 38ppt salinity if the salinity levels increase gradually. They can grow under saline conditions and breed successfully and the fry can survive well in the saline environment. This makes wild caught P. reticulata (guppy) a potential candidate that can be used as a bio-control agent in the control of species such as Aedes sp-mosquito that breed in brackish water environments of Sri Lanka. KEYWORDS: Gappy,Salinity,Aedes sp ,Bio-control","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89173564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.31357/IJMS.V6I2.4432.G3525
R. L. Weerasinghe, R. Ranatunga, S. Chinthaka, M. Marasinghe
Marine sponge Clathria sp. holds a significant position in marine natural product research due to its wide range of secondary metabolites. Extensive distribution of genus Clathria in the world causes variances in chemical profile in relation to their environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate toxicity and profile secondary metabolites of sponge Clathria sp. collected from coastal waters off Mannar, Sri Lanka. Methanolic crude extract of the sponge was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis. Alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins were subjected to phytochemical screening. Seven steroidal derivatives; Cholesta-3,5-diene, stigmastan-3,5-diene, cholesta-7,14-diene, (5. alpha.), ergosta-4,6,22-triene, cholesta-2,4-diene and cholest-2-ene were identified through GC-MS analysis. Brine shrimp lethality assay was carried out to test the toxicity of the extract. LC50 value estimated at 624 ppm. Results of the present study suggest that ethanolic extract of marine sponge Clathria sp. contains steroidal derivatives and certain toxicity, which will be important in future studies to understand the antifouling property of Clathria sp. KEYWORDS : Clathria sp., phytochemical, GC-MS, secondary metabolites, cytotoxicity
{"title":"Toxicity evaluation and volatile component analysis of tropical marine sponge Clathria sp. (Schmidt, 1862)","authors":"R. L. Weerasinghe, R. Ranatunga, S. Chinthaka, M. Marasinghe","doi":"10.31357/IJMS.V6I2.4432.G3525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/IJMS.V6I2.4432.G3525","url":null,"abstract":"Marine sponge Clathria sp. holds a significant position in marine natural product research due to its wide range of secondary metabolites. Extensive distribution of genus Clathria in the world causes variances in chemical profile in relation to their environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate toxicity and profile secondary metabolites of sponge Clathria sp. collected from coastal waters off Mannar, Sri Lanka. Methanolic crude extract of the sponge was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis. Alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins were subjected to phytochemical screening. Seven steroidal derivatives; Cholesta-3,5-diene, stigmastan-3,5-diene, cholesta-7,14-diene, (5. alpha.), ergosta-4,6,22-triene, cholesta-2,4-diene and cholest-2-ene were identified through GC-MS analysis. Brine shrimp lethality assay was carried out to test the toxicity of the extract. LC50 value estimated at 624 ppm. Results of the present study suggest that ethanolic extract of marine sponge Clathria sp. contains steroidal derivatives and certain toxicity, which will be important in future studies to understand the antifouling property of Clathria sp. KEYWORDS : Clathria sp., phytochemical, GC-MS, secondary metabolites, cytotoxicity","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75438280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.31357/IJMS.V6I2.4429.G3521
T. Ananda, C. Nahallage
The prevalence of undernourishment, is often higher among indigenous than non-indigenous children in many countries. However, lesser is known about the nutritional status of the Indigenous (the Veddas) children and adolescents in Sri Lanka. The present study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of the Henanigala Vedda children and adolescents through anthropometric measurements. Stature and weight of a total of 169 children and adolescents (90 girls and 79 boys between 5-18 years of age) were measured and calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI). Subjects were categorized into three age groups, 5-8 years ( 𝑛 = 28), 9-11 years ( 𝑛 = 52) and 12–18 years ( 𝑛 = 89). According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) subjects who were falling below the age and sex specific fifth percentile (< 5th %ile) of the BMI Cut off Points were defined as undernourished. SPSS, MS Excel and BMI metric calculator for children, were used for data analysis. In order to test the level of significance, student t-test was performed ( 𝑃 <0.05). Mean BMI of the girls of 5-8, 9-11 and 12-18 age categories were 13.22 ± 1.06, 13.39 ± 1.59 and 18.66 ± 3.42 respectively, boys were 14.78 ± 3.18, 14.76 ± 3.39 and 18.01 ± 3.38 respectively. The difference in stature was significant only between the boys and girls of the 12-18 age group. According to the BMI cut off points 67% of the girls and 60% of the boys of the 5-8 age group and 69% of the girls and 54% of the boys in the 9-11 age groups belonged to underweight category (critical). When compared with other age groups lower prevalence of underweight was found among 12-18 years age group which were 22% of girls and 35% of boys (but still at health risk). Higher prevalence of underweight among children could be due to the lower socioeconomic and educational status of their parents. In addition, sudden cultural transformations due to the resettlement which had an adverse effect on their traditional lifestyle including food practices would account for the lower nutritional status observed among the majority of the indigenous children and adolescents in Henanigala. KEYWORDS : Anthropometrics, BMI, Vedda, Henanigala, Underweight
{"title":"Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status of Children and Adolescents in Henanigala Indigenous Group, Sri Lanka","authors":"T. Ananda, C. Nahallage","doi":"10.31357/IJMS.V6I2.4429.G3521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/IJMS.V6I2.4429.G3521","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of undernourishment, is often higher among indigenous than non-indigenous children in many countries. However, lesser is known about the nutritional status of the Indigenous (the Veddas) children and adolescents in Sri Lanka. The present study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of the Henanigala Vedda children and adolescents through anthropometric measurements. Stature and weight of a total of 169 children and adolescents (90 girls and 79 boys between 5-18 years of age) were measured and calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI). Subjects were categorized into three age groups, 5-8 years ( 𝑛 = 28), 9-11 years ( 𝑛 = 52) and 12–18 years ( 𝑛 = 89). According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) subjects who were falling below the age and sex specific fifth percentile (< 5th %ile) of the BMI Cut off Points were defined as undernourished. SPSS, MS Excel and BMI metric calculator for children, were used for data analysis. In order to test the level of significance, student t-test was performed ( 𝑃 <0.05). Mean BMI of the girls of 5-8, 9-11 and 12-18 age categories were 13.22 ± 1.06, 13.39 ± 1.59 and 18.66 ± 3.42 respectively, boys were 14.78 ± 3.18, 14.76 ± 3.39 and 18.01 ± 3.38 respectively. The difference in stature was significant only between the boys and girls of the 12-18 age group. According to the BMI cut off points 67% of the girls and 60% of the boys of the 5-8 age group and 69% of the girls and 54% of the boys in the 9-11 age groups belonged to underweight category (critical). When compared with other age groups lower prevalence of underweight was found among 12-18 years age group which were 22% of girls and 35% of boys (but still at health risk). Higher prevalence of underweight among children could be due to the lower socioeconomic and educational status of their parents. In addition, sudden cultural transformations due to the resettlement which had an adverse effect on their traditional lifestyle including food practices would account for the lower nutritional status observed among the majority of the indigenous children and adolescents in Henanigala. KEYWORDS : Anthropometrics, BMI, Vedda, Henanigala, Underweight","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83229619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reduplication can be largely viewed as a subtype of repetition, a pervasive phenomenon of every language affecting all types of linguistic units such as sounds, words, and phrases. It can be also viewed as the systematic repetition of phonological material within a word for semantic or grammatical purposes. The aim of the present paper is to examine reduplication phenomenon in Sinhala1 in the broader spectrum of reduplication patterns and functions evidenced in many languages of the world. Data for the present study consisted of sentences with reduplication types and functions that can be distinguished in Sinhala. A sample of 60 sentences with such reduplication was used. The researcher consulted 05 adult native speakers of Sinhala for their grammaticality judgments about those sentences. The examples and example sentences used in this study are the data used for this purpose. In terms of the main findings of the study, it can be concluded that Sinhala employs reduplication in both of its spoken and written varieties in varying degrees and for various effects. In its written form, reduplication fulfills some stylistic functions and is mostly manifested in poetry, riddles, songs, anecdotes and narrations. The colloquial Sinhala uses reduplication in ordinary discourse and can be seen irrespective of the dialectal varieties. It can be observed at phonological, morphological/morpho-syntactic, and lexical levels. Sinhala manifests reduplication over a broad range of categories such as noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. Nevertheless, Sinhala is quite impoverished when viewed against the broader spectrum of reduplication types, sub-types, functions, and even in the areas of language affected by reduplication as evidenced in many languages of the world. KEYWORDS: reduplication, full, partial
{"title":"Reduplication: Its Types and Functions in Sinhala","authors":"Lalith Ananda, Lalith Ananda M.G","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V6I1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V6I1.87","url":null,"abstract":"Reduplication can be largely viewed as a subtype of repetition, a pervasive phenomenon of every language affecting all types of linguistic units such as sounds, words, and phrases. It can be also viewed as the systematic repetition of phonological material within a word for semantic or grammatical purposes. The aim of the present paper is to examine reduplication phenomenon in Sinhala1 in the broader spectrum of reduplication patterns and functions evidenced in many languages of the world. Data for the present study consisted of sentences with reduplication types and functions that can be distinguished in Sinhala. A sample of 60 sentences with such reduplication was used. The researcher consulted 05 adult native speakers of Sinhala for their grammaticality judgments about those sentences. The examples and example sentences used in this study are the data used for this purpose. In terms of the main findings of the study, it can be concluded that Sinhala employs reduplication in both of its spoken and written varieties in varying degrees and for various effects. In its written form, reduplication fulfills some stylistic functions and is mostly manifested in poetry, riddles, songs, anecdotes and narrations. The colloquial Sinhala uses reduplication in ordinary discourse and can be seen irrespective of the dialectal varieties. It can be observed at phonological, morphological/morpho-syntactic, and lexical levels. Sinhala manifests reduplication over a broad range of categories such as noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. Nevertheless, Sinhala is quite impoverished when viewed against the broader spectrum of reduplication types, sub-types, functions, and even in the areas of language affected by reduplication as evidenced in many languages of the world. KEYWORDS: reduplication, full, partial","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81142442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. I. P. Diddeniya, W. Wanniarachchi, P. R. S. D. Silva, N. Ganegoda
This paper proposes a movable robot that can be used to deliver documents or small parcels (>2.0kg) between employees of an unstructured indoor office environment. The study reviews literature on robot navigation, apply promising techniques and test their accuracy in an unstructured indoor laboratory environment. There are many technologies available in robot navigation. We have selected free and open source software and inexpensive sensors and materials to build a low cost but accurate robot. Our system comprised of three units: first one that process sensor data, second one which is the navigating robot having sensors and actuators, and third one controlling part of office assistant robot system. We have used Robotic Operating System (ROS) indigo as the ground operating system in the background of Ubuntu Operating System. The experiment was conducted to examine the capabilities of the setup and studied its behavior, mapping and localization specifically according to the user commands. An unstructured indoor environment was selected with five users located on the sides. We considered both dark (55 lux – 60 lux) and bright (15 lux – 20 lux) illumination conditions in the room. Then, we allowed the robot to navigate autonomously according to the user commands between five users and monitored its accuracy by looking at the completion of the route to a target user. Results show that the robot has about 98.4% of accuracy of achieving the goal location on average in both lighting conditions and 98% and 98.8% of accuracies for bright and dark conditions respectively. Finally, this office assistant robot system could be practically used in an office environment in both bright and dark lighting conditions.
{"title":"Efficient Office Assistant Robot System: Autonomous Navigation and Controlling Based on ROS","authors":"S. A. I. P. Diddeniya, W. Wanniarachchi, P. R. S. D. Silva, N. Ganegoda","doi":"10.4038/ijms.v6i1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v6i1.93","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a movable robot that can be used to deliver documents or small parcels (>2.0kg) between employees of an unstructured indoor office environment. The study reviews literature on robot navigation, apply promising techniques and test their accuracy in an unstructured indoor laboratory environment. There are many technologies available in robot navigation. We have selected free and open source software and inexpensive sensors and materials to build a low cost but accurate robot. Our system comprised of three units: first one that process sensor data, second one which is the navigating robot having sensors and actuators, and third one controlling part of office assistant robot system. We have used Robotic Operating System (ROS) indigo as the ground operating system in the background of Ubuntu Operating System. The experiment was conducted to examine the capabilities of the setup and studied its behavior, mapping and localization specifically according to the user commands. An unstructured indoor environment was selected with five users located on the sides. We considered both dark (55 lux – 60 lux) and bright (15 lux – 20 lux) illumination conditions in the room. Then, we allowed the robot to navigate autonomously according to the user commands between five users and monitored its accuracy by looking at the completion of the route to a target user. Results show that the robot has about 98.4% of accuracy of achieving the goal location on average in both lighting conditions and 98% and 98.8% of accuracies for bright and dark conditions respectively. Finally, this office assistant robot system could be practically used in an office environment in both bright and dark lighting conditions.","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76054736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gunawardana, K. N. L. Amarasingha, A. Priyadarshani
Cystinuria contributes in formation of urinary stones. But, it has been reported that cystinuria is diagnosed when someone experiences with cystine stones. Therefore, early diagnosis of this condition is important. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the optimum pH and temperature for crystallization of urine cystine in-vitro . Cystinuria solutions were prepared with the concentrations of 40, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100 and 120 mg/dL. The pH of each solution was changed with the addition of acetic acid. Then solutions were exposed to temperature +4°C and 37°C, for 15, 30 and 45min. The sediments were observed microscopically for cystine crystals formation. Then acetone was added to cystinuria with the ratio of cystinuria:acetone, 8:1, 4:1, 2:1 and 1.1 and pH was altered with acetic acid and were subjected to +4 °C and 37 °C, for 15, 30 and 45 minutes and sediment was observed for cystine crystals under the microscope. Cystine crystallization had been occurred in the cystinuria of ≥100 mg/dL at pH 5 at 37 ° C and +4 °C, 30min after the addition of acetic acid whereas with the addition of acetone at cystinuria of ≥75mg/dL at pH 5 in both 37°C and at +4°C, 30min after the addition of acetic acid. The number of cystine crystals per High Power Field (HPF) was highest where cystinuria:acetone was 8:1. The optimum conditions for cystine crystallization is at pH 5, 37 °C and +4 °C, 30min after acidifying with acetic acid at the minimum concentration of 100 mg/dL of cystinuria. With the addition of acetone, at the ratio of cystinuria:acetone 8:1 with minimum concentration of cystinuria of 75 mg/dL. KEYWORDS: Cystine, Crystallization, Acetic acid, Acetone, Temperature, pH
{"title":"Investigation of Optimum pH and Temperature for In-Vitro Crystallization of Urinary Cystine","authors":"A. Gunawardana, K. N. L. Amarasingha, A. Priyadarshani","doi":"10.4038/IJMS.V6I1.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/IJMS.V6I1.89","url":null,"abstract":"Cystinuria contributes in formation of urinary stones. But, it has been reported that cystinuria is diagnosed when someone experiences with cystine stones. Therefore, early diagnosis of this condition is important. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the optimum pH and temperature for crystallization of urine cystine in-vitro . Cystinuria solutions were prepared with the concentrations of 40, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100 and 120 mg/dL. The pH of each solution was changed with the addition of acetic acid. Then solutions were exposed to temperature +4°C and 37°C, for 15, 30 and 45min. The sediments were observed microscopically for cystine crystals formation. Then acetone was added to cystinuria with the ratio of cystinuria:acetone, 8:1, 4:1, 2:1 and 1.1 and pH was altered with acetic acid and were subjected to +4 °C and 37 °C, for 15, 30 and 45 minutes and sediment was observed for cystine crystals under the microscope. Cystine crystallization had been occurred in the cystinuria of ≥100 mg/dL at pH 5 at 37 ° C and +4 °C, 30min after the addition of acetic acid whereas with the addition of acetone at cystinuria of ≥75mg/dL at pH 5 in both 37°C and at +4°C, 30min after the addition of acetic acid. The number of cystine crystals per High Power Field (HPF) was highest where cystinuria:acetone was 8:1. The optimum conditions for cystine crystallization is at pH 5, 37 °C and +4 °C, 30min after acidifying with acetic acid at the minimum concentration of 100 mg/dL of cystinuria. With the addition of acetone, at the ratio of cystinuria:acetone 8:1 with minimum concentration of cystinuria of 75 mg/dL. KEYWORDS: Cystine, Crystallization, Acetic acid, Acetone, Temperature, pH","PeriodicalId":91884,"journal":{"name":"International journal of current multidisciplinary studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85217894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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