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Innovations and Practices that Influence Patient-Centered Health Care Delivery Special Series 影响以患者为中心的医疗保健特别系列的创新与实践
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/jhmhp-21-32
Naleef Fareed, S. Moffatt-Bruce, A. McAlearney
The publication of this special series on Innovations and Practices that Influence Patient-Centered Health Care Delivery was intended to report on research that focused on innovative practices and interventions that influence what matters most in health care: the patient. It was proposed to the Editor in March 2020, only a few weeks before many jurisdictions in the U.S. went under pandemic control measures in response to the emergence of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) including curfews, stay-at-home orders, and other widespread restrictions. For most, the pandemic has been extremely difficult with isolation and loss impacting individuals and groups across communities and countries. Amidst this chaos, grave racial and social injustices surfaced and served to heighten awareness about inequities that permeate health care systems and delivery. The 15 papers in this special series all focus on practices in patient-centered care, with some directly addressing issues related to the pandemic and racial and social inequities. In this editorial, we highlight four papers that reflect the breadth of practices that influence patient-centered health care delivery, and also focus on the important issues of responses to the pandemic and health equity considerations. Lai and colleagues highlight the challenges associated with the deployment of primary care physicians (PCPs) to inpatient settings during the pandemic. They provide recommendations for developing a clinician-friendly and sustainable transitional workflow to overcome existing problems such as PCPs lack of up-to-date training to deliver inpatient care, workflow and technology challenges, and fatigue due to the need to work extended hours. Reportedly, nearly 31% of PCPs noted experiencing burnout, and those serving in organizations that provide pandemic-related care had a higher risk of burnout. The authors propose three practices to address these problems. First, hospitals should have a transition plan in place for PCPs to adopt new practices (e.g., functioning in a team) to effectively deliver care in a dynamically changing environment. Second, a comprehensive orientation plan should be implemented for PCPs that includes
“影响以患者为中心的医疗服务的创新和实践”这一特别系列的出版,旨在报告关注创新实践和干预措施的研究,这些创新实践和干预措施影响着医疗保健中最重要的群体:患者。这是在2020年3月向编辑提出的,就在几周前,美国的许多司法管辖区为应对2019年新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的出现而采取了流行病控制措施,包括宵禁、居家令和其他广泛的限制措施。对大多数人来说,疫情带来了极大的困难,孤立和损失影响到社区和国家的个人和群体。在这种混乱中,严重的种族和社会不公正现象浮出水面,并有助于提高人们对卫生保健系统和服务提供中普遍存在的不平等现象的认识。这个特别系列的15篇论文都集中在以病人为中心的护理实践上,其中一些直接涉及与大流行病以及种族和社会不平等有关的问题。在这篇社论中,我们重点介绍了四篇论文,这些论文反映了影响以患者为中心的卫生保健服务的实践的广度,并重点讨论了应对大流行和卫生公平考虑等重要问题。Lai及其同事强调了在大流行期间将初级保健医生部署到住院环境中所面临的挑战。他们提出建议,制定一个对临床医生友好和可持续的过渡工作流程,以克服现有的问题,如pcp缺乏提供住院治疗的最新培训,工作流程和技术挑战,以及由于需要延长工作时间而导致的疲劳。据报道,近31%的pcp注意到经历过倦怠,而那些在提供流行病相关护理的组织中服务的人有更高的倦怠风险。作者提出了三种方法来解决这些问题。首先,医院应该有一个过渡计划,让pcp采用新的做法(例如,在团队中运作),以便在动态变化的环境中有效地提供护理。第二,应该为pcp实施全面的指导计划,其中包括
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引用次数: 0
Improving health system efficiency for better health outcomes 提高卫生系统效率,改善卫生成果
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.21037/jhmhp-21-77
Wu Zeng
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引用次数: 0
Barriers and facilitators to hospital implementation of obstetric emergency safety bundles: a qualitative study 医院实施产科急诊安全包的障碍和促进因素:一项定性研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.21037/JHMHP-20-74
D. Walker, Matthew J. Depuccio, A. McAlearney
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking (CATALYST), College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Contributions: (I) Conception and design: DM Walker, AS McAlearney; (II) Administrative support: DM Walker, AS McAlearney; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: DM Walker, AS McAlearney; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: DM Walker, AS McAlearney; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: DM Walker, AS McAlearney; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Daniel M. Walker, PhD, MPH. Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Suite 520, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Email: Daniel.Walker@osumc.edu.
美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄州立大学医学院家庭与社区医学系;美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄州立大学医学院团队科学、分析和系统思维发展中心(CATALYST)贡献:(1)概念和设计:DM Walker, AS McAlearney;(II)行政支持:DM Walker, AS McAlearney;(三)提供研究材料或患者:DM Walker, AS McAlearney;(四)数据收集与组装:DM Walker, AS McAlearney;(五)数据分析与解释:DM Walker, AS McAlearney;(六)稿件撰写:全体作者;(七)稿件最终审定:全体作者。通讯作者:Daniel M. Walker,博士,公共卫生硕士。美国俄亥俄州立大学医学院家庭和社区医学系助理教授,460 Medical Center Drive, Suite 520, Columbus, OH 43210。电子邮件:Daniel.Walker@osumc.edu。
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引用次数: 1
Aiming for health equity: the bullseye of the quadruple aim 追求卫生公平:四重目标的靶心
Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.21037/JHMHP-20-101
J. N. Olayiwola, Mark Rastetter
In 2014, Drs. Bodenheimer and Sinsky introduced the Quadruple Aim into our health system improvement lexicon (1). Building off of the Triple Aim articulated by Dr. Berwick (2), an early pioneer of quality improvement in health systems and healthcare, the Quadruple Aim expanded the goals of enhancing patient experience, reducing cost and optimizing population health to include improvements to the work-life and experience of clinicians and care teams that provide care to patients. Immediately after and further catalyzed by emerging literature on the enormous financial, clinical and workforce impact of clinician burnout (3), evolving clinical settings focused on population health and national alternative payment models for advancing primary care delivery in new ways, and the true north for optimal health system performance was codified—it was now reflected in the Quadruple Aim. In fact, the addition of this 4 aim effectively eclipsed the other aims, because optimization of the initial Triple Aim was now considered impossible without the additional focus on clinician and workforce wellness, resilience and satisfaction. However, what became apparent was that a stringent focus on checking the boxes to the Quadruple Aim was insufficient, in and of itself, to reduce health disparities. The notion that global improvements in quality and delivery of care would improve health disparities and achieve health equity is explicitly false (4). In fact, the opposite is true. The health system in the United States is one of the most inequitable when compared to peer developed nations. Despite enormous spending on health care per capita, in fact spending more per capita than all other nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development combined, the United States has staggering and disappointing outcomesranking 28 out of 34 countries in life expectancy, 33 in infant mortality and 1 in poverty (5,6). In the landmark Mirror, Mirror International Comparison report done by the Commonwealth Fund, the United States ranked last on performance overall, and ranked last or near last on the Access, Administrative Efficiency, Equity, and Health Care Outcomes domains (7). While this performance certainly challenges the health system to rethink its focus, perhaps more confronting is the growing body of evidence about significant health and health care disparities based on race, ethnicity, income, zip code, education and other social determinants (8). For example, in the state of Ohio, known for its alarmingly high rates of infant mortality, numerous initiatives led to an overall decrease in infant mortality from 2009 to 2018, an average decrease of 1.1% per year. However, regardless of these global improvements spurred by advocacy and education initiatives as well as clinical and population health efforts, the Black infant mortality rate has not changed significantly since 2009 and Black infants still die at rates 2.5–3 times higher than White infants (9). Additi
2014年,博登海默和辛斯基博士将四重目标引入了我们的卫生系统改善词典(1)。在卫生系统和医疗保健质量改进的早期先驱Berwick博士(2)提出的三重目标的基础上,四重目标扩大了增强患者体验、降低成本和优化人群健康的目标,包括改善临床医生和为患者提供护理的护理团队的工作生活和经验。在临床医生倦怠对财务、临床和劳动力产生巨大影响的新兴文献的推动下(3),不断发展的临床环境关注人口健康和以新方式推进初级保健服务的国家替代支付模式,最佳卫生系统性能的真正北方被编纂成法典——现在它反映在四重目标中。事实上,这4个目标的增加实际上掩盖了其他目标,因为如果不进一步关注临床医生和员工的健康、恢复力和满意度,最初的三重目标的优化现在被认为是不可能的。然而,显而易见的是,严格关注四重目标的复选框本身不足以减少健康差距。认为全球医疗质量和提供的改善将改善健康差距并实现健康公平的观点显然是错误的(4)。事实上,恰恰相反。与发达国家相比,美国的卫生系统是最不公平的。尽管人均医疗保健支出巨大,事实上人均支出超过了经济合作与发展组织所有其他国家的总和,但美国的预期寿命为34个国家中的28个,婴儿死亡率为33个,贫困率为1个,这一结果令人震惊和失望(5,6)。在英联邦基金会(Commonwealth Fund)撰写的具有里程碑意义的《镜像,镜像国际比较》(Mirror,Mirror International Comparison)报告中,美国在总体绩效方面排名最后,在获取、行政效率、公平和医疗保健成果领域排名最后或接近最后(7)。虽然这一表现无疑挑战了卫生系统重新思考其重点,但可能更令人头疼的是,越来越多的证据表明,基于种族、族裔、收入、邮政编码、教育和其他社会决定因素的健康和医疗保健差距巨大(8)。例如,在以婴儿死亡率高得惊人而闻名的俄亥俄州,从2009年到2018年,许多举措导致婴儿死亡率总体下降,平均每年下降1.1%。然而,尽管倡导和教育举措以及临床和人口健康工作推动了这些全球改善,但自2009年以来,黑人婴儿死亡率没有显著变化,黑人婴儿的死亡率仍然是白人婴儿的2.5-3倍(9)。交叉性的基本概念造成了额外的复杂性(10),因此在对美国健康差异的任何检查中都必须考虑交叉分析(11)。例如,对黑人女性的连锁压迫制度导致美国黑人女性的健康预期寿命在所有种族/族裔性别群体中最短,甚至比黑人男性还要短。基于种族的不公平现象是重要的编辑评论
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引用次数: 7
COVID-19 and primary care physicians: adapting to rapid change in clinical roles and settings COVID-19与初级保健医生:适应临床角色和环境的快速变化
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.21037/jhmhp-20-130
A. Lai, S. Thomas, E. Sullivan, Bram P. I. Fleuren, Minakshi Raj, Matthew J. Depuccio, Amber L. Stephenson, A. McAlearney
© Journal of Hospital Management and Health Policy. All rights reserved. J Hosp Manag Health Policy 2020;4:31 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jhmhp-20-130 With the emergence of COVID-19, drastic measures have been taken to create, deploy, and sustain a pandemic workforce as well as to continuously adapt this workforce in preparation for future needs (1). One major shift in primary care has been to deliver care via telemedicine. Another shift that has been more disruptive to primary care practice patterns, however, is the deployment of primary care physicians (PCPs) to hospitals in order to meet emergent care delivery needs. In many hospital and health systems, PCPs have been expected to join the hospital-based workforce and take on roles in emergency, hospitalist, and respiratory medicine as the pandemic has overwhelmed and depleted many hospitals’ existing workforce capacities. This article highlights challenges in such deployment efforts and proposes recommendations to help PCPs and health care organizations adapt so that they are able to effectively respond to potential upcoming pandemic waves. Challenges with deploying PCPs to inpatient care settings
©《医院管理与健康政策杂志》。保留所有权利。《2020年Hosp Manag健康政策杂志》;4:31|http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jhmhp-20-130随着新冠肺炎的出现,已采取严厉措施来创建、部署和维持一支大流行性劳动力队伍,并不断调整这一劳动力队伍,为未来需求做好准备(1)。初级保健的一个主要转变是通过远程医疗提供护理。然而,另一个对初级保健实践模式更具破坏性的转变是向医院部署初级保健医生,以满足紧急护理提供需求。在许多医院和卫生系统中,由于疫情已经使许多医院的现有工作能力不堪重负和耗尽,预计PCP将加入医院的工作队伍,并在急诊、住院和呼吸医学方面发挥作用。这篇文章强调了此类部署工作中的挑战,并提出了帮助PCP和医疗保健组织适应的建议,以便他们能够有效应对即将到来的潜在疫情浪潮。在住院护理环境中部署PCP的挑战
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引用次数: 1
The first wave: lessons learned from the initial surge of general medicine inpatients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic 第一波:从SARS-CoV-2大流行期间普通医学住院患者最初激增的经验教训
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.21037/JHMHP-20-117
Amber B. Moore, Melissa L. P. Mattison
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引用次数: 0
Attrition in emergency department point-of-care ultrasound workflow adherence for the evaluation of cutaneous abscesses 急诊科护理点超声工作流程依从性评估皮肤脓肿的损耗
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.21037/jhmhp-20-85
S. Alerhand, Carl T. Mickman, K. Hu, Donald U. Apakama, J. Mishoe, B. Nelson
Background: Many emergency departments (ED) have implemented software solutions for ordering, documenting, and interpreting point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) scans before healthcare bill generation. However, there are human and design barriers that prevent workflow completion. We sought to evaluate attrition in adherence to this step-wise workflow for evaluating cutaneous abscesses in a large urban ED, while quantifying missed potential revenue. Methods: Patient charts in 2017 with discharge diagnoses containing “abscess”, “boil”, or “cyst” were retrospectively extracted. Exclusion criteria included: POCUS not reasonably performed, abscess already draining, advanced imaging ordered, or consultant involvement. Each workflow step was assessed for completion. Revenue estimation was performed by multiplying number of scans by the appropriate relative value unit and medicare conversion factor. Results: Of 2,240 total charts, 710 abscesses (31.7%) met inclusion. Of those, 283 (39.8%) POCUS were performed, of which 213 (30.0%) were ordered, 198 (27.8%) interpreted, and 180 (25.3%) had images saved. Professional fees were billed for 120 POCUS examinations (16.9%). There were 66 payments collected (9.3%), amounting to $1,400.69 revenue. Estimated billing for the 120 POCUS was $2,546.71. If proper workflow had been implemented for all 283 POCUS performed, estimated revenue would have been $6,006.00. If POCUS had been performed with proper workflow for all 710 abscesses, estimated revenue would have been $15,068.05. Conclusions: POCUS workflow was interrupted at several points and completed sub-optimally. This attrition directly affected optimal patient care, documentation, and departmental revenue. Since cutaneous abscesses represent one of many ED POCUS applications, the extrapolated missed potential revenue would be much greater overall.
背景:许多急诊科(ED)已经实施了软件解决方案,用于在医疗账单生成之前订购、记录和解释护理点超声(POCUS)扫描。但是,存在阻碍工作流完成的人为和设计障碍。我们试图根据这一循序渐进的工作流程来评估消耗,以评估大型城市ED中的皮肤脓肿,同时量化遗漏的潜在收入。方法:回顾性提取2017年出院诊断为“脓肿”、“疖子”或“囊肿”的病历。排除标准包括:POCUS检查不合理、脓肿已经引流、要求进行高级成像或顾问介入。对每个工作流程步骤的完成情况进行了评估。收入估算是通过将扫描次数乘以适当的相对价值单位和医疗保险转换系数来进行的。结果:在2240个病历中,710个脓肿(31.7%)符合纳入标准。其中,283例(39.8%)接受了POCUS检查,其中213例(30.0%)接受了检查,198例(27.8%)进行了解释,180例(25.3%)保存了图像。120次POCUS考试收取了专业费用(16.9%)。共收取了66笔费用(9.3%),收入为1400.69美元。120个POCUS的估计账单为2546.71美元。如果对所有283个POCUS实施了适当的工作流程,估计收入将为6006.00美元。如果对所有710例脓肿采用正确的工作流程进行POCUS,估计收入将为15068.05美元。结论:POCUS工作流程在几个点上中断,并以次优状态完成。这种流失直接影响了最佳的患者护理、文档和部门收入。由于皮肤脓肿是许多ED POCUS应用中的一种,因此推断出的潜在收入总体上会大得多。
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引用次数: 0
Outpatient forecasting model in spine hospital using ARIMA and SARIMA methods 应用ARIMA和SARIMA方法建立脊柱医院门诊预测模型
Pub Date : 2020-07-13 DOI: 10.21037/jhmhp-20-29
Kyeong-Rae Kim, Jae-Eun Park, I. Jang
Background: Examining the matter of how to appropriately allocate the limited supply of medical resources is a crucial issue in terms of the management of a medical institution. Based on the time-series data on all outpatients visiting N hospitals in Gangnam-gu, Seoul from January 2, 2017 to December 31, 2017. Methods: This study utilized Auto Regressive Integrated Moving-Average (ARIMA) and Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models to build an outpatient prediction model. And we determined to be ARIMA (3,0,2) and SARIMA (2,0,1) (1,0,0) 6 . Further, the accuracy of the SARIMA model was confirmed by comparing and analyzing the ARIMA model, which was built using the SARIMA model, and its predictability, which is mainly used in the existing forecasting field. Currently, the use of the SARIMA model is extremely rare in areas that predict the number of outpatients in hospitals. Results: Comparing the predicted accuracy of outpatient visits, the SARIMA model was found to be relatively more accurate than the ARIMA model. Conclusions: The study was conducted by applying the time unit at the “daily” level to predict the suspension rather than the quarterly and monthly data used to predict the existing time series. It is thought that this study will serve as basis for hospital-to-house management and policymaking by using the SARIMA model to predict the number of patients visiting hospitals.
背景:研究如何合理配置有限的医疗资源是医疗机构管理中的一个关键问题。基于2017年1月2日至12月31日在首尔江南区N家医院就诊的所有门诊患者的时间序列数据。方法:采用自回归综合移动平均(ARIMA)和季节性自回归综合移动平均(SARIMA)模型建立门诊预测模型。我们确定为ARIMA(3,0,2)和SARIMA(2,0,1)(1,0,0) 6。进一步,通过对比分析利用SARIMA模型建立的ARIMA模型与现有预测领域主要使用的ARIMA模型的可预测性,验证了SARIMA模型的准确性。目前,在预测医院门诊人数的领域,SARIMA模型的使用极为罕见。结果:比较门诊就诊的预测准确率,SARIMA模型比ARIMA模型相对准确。结论:本研究采用“日”水平的时间单位来预测暂停,而不是使用季度和月度数据来预测现有的时间序列。运用SARIMA模型预测医院就诊人数,可为医院上门管理及政策制定提供依据。
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引用次数: 3
Nurses as essential members of an effective in-hospital cardiac resuscitation team 护士是有效的院内心脏复苏团队的重要成员
Pub Date : 2020-04-28 DOI: 10.21037/JHMHP-20-18
Tabitha L. Cumpian, B. Yasmeh, A. Jahangir
© Journal of Hospital Management and Health Policy. All rights reserved. J Hosp Manag Health Policy 2020;4:17 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jhmhp-20-18 In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), defined as loss of circulation prompting resuscitation with chest compressions, defibrillation, or both, is an increasingly common event affecting healthcare systems worldwide (1). The Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation (GWTG-R) registry, a large, prospective, hospital-based clinical registry, documented an average of 209,000 cases of IHCA each year in the United States between 2003 and 2007, with an increase to 292,000 per year between 2008 and 2017 (1,2). Survival rates for IHCA remain poor (3,4) with average survival rates of about 26% among 311 hospitals in the United States in 2017 (2). The rate of survival to hospital discharge after cardiac arrest varies among medical centers and is higher in hospitals with higher cardiac arrest volume, higher surgical volume, greater availability of invasive cardiac services, and more affluent catchment areas (2). Among those surviving to hospital discharge, 81.7% were considered to possess good functional status as evidenced by a cerebral performance category of 1 or 2 (2), representing mild or no neurologic disability to moderate neurologic disability (5). A significant difference in survival rates exists across hospitals in the United States, with survival rates ranging from 5.3–49.6% (3,6). This wide variation is present despite published guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the management of cardiac arrest. Even with guidelines in place, implementation of recommended procedures during IHCA has proved difficult as these events take place in varied environments with complex and diverse medical issues and require the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team to achieve successful outcomes. There are several factors involved and multiple steps are needed to ensure effective management of an IHCA patient. The initial step in the evaluation and treatment of IHCA requires timely identification of the cardiac arrest event and the underlying cause. When a cardiac arrest occurs, early appropriate initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with quality chest compressions and thorough postresuscitation care are crucial to a positive outcome (1,5,7). In approximately 50–60% of cases, the underlying cause is cardiac in nature, whereas 15–40% are due to respiratory insufficiency (1) and appropriate care is needed for each of the underlying conditions and modifying factors to prevent deterioration that might lead to cardiac arrest. Development of a dedicated cardiac arrest or code team is essential. Top-performing hospitals are found to have dedicated or designated resuscitation teams with additional support staff (i.e., nursing, pharmacy, clerical, spiritual staff), clear patterns of communication between team members, and specific training and education around resuscitation (7). Although ample research h
©医院管理与卫生政策杂志。版权所有。医院内心脏骤停(IHCA),定义为循环丧失,需要通过胸外按压、除颤或两者同时进行复苏,是影响全球医疗保健系统的日益常见的事件(1)。2003年至2007年期间,美国每年平均记录209,000例IHCA病例,2008年至2017年期间每年增加到292,000例(1,2)。IHCA的存活率仍然很低(3,4),2017年美国311家医院的平均存活率约为26%(2)。心脏骤停后出院的存活率因医疗中心而异,在心脏骤停量大、手术量大、有创心脏服务可及性更高、集水区更富裕的医院中更高(2)。81.7%的患者被认为具有良好的功能状态,脑功能分类为1或2(2),代表轻度或无神经功能残疾到中度神经功能残疾(5)。美国各医院的生存率存在显著差异,生存率从5.3-49.6%不等(3,6)。尽管美国心脏协会(AHA)发布了心脏骤停管理指南,但仍存在这种广泛的差异。即使有了指导方针,在国际医疗保健合作期间实施所建议的程序也被证明是困难的,因为这些事件发生在具有复杂和多样化医疗问题的各种环境中,需要多学科团队的合作才能取得成功的结果。这涉及到几个因素,需要采取多个步骤来确保对IHCA患者的有效管理。评估和治疗IHCA的第一步需要及时识别心脏骤停事件及其根本原因。当心脏骤停发生时,早期适当的心肺复苏(CPR),高质量的胸部按压和彻底的复苏后护理对于取得积极的结果至关重要(1,5,7)。在大约50-60%的病例中,潜在原因本质上是心脏原因,而15-40%是由于呼吸功能不全(1),需要对每种潜在条件和调节因素进行适当的护理,以防止可能导致心脏骤停的恶化。建立一个专门的心脏骤停或代码团队是必不可少的。研究发现,表现最好的医院拥有专门或指定的复苏团队,并配备额外的支持人员(即护理人员、药房人员、文员、精神工作人员),团队成员之间有明确的沟通模式,以及围绕复苏的具体培训和教育(7)。尽管已经对评估和管理IHCA的程序技术进行了充分的研究,对医疗保健专业人员的角色进行了调查
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引用次数: 0
Social media and the workplace: “could loose lips cost you a pink slip?” 社交媒体和工作场所:“口齿不清会让你被解雇吗?”
Pub Date : 2020-04-23 DOI: 10.21037/jhmhp.2020.03.05
P. Kalina
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引用次数: 0
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