Pub Date : 2011-03-25DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V16I1-2.64792
Rk Esena
Field studies on the control of animal trypanosomiasis were undertaken in the Coastal Savanna of Ghana to det-ermine the importance of the disease in livestock production. The methodologies adopted were participatory ru-ral appraisal, geographical information systems, and entomological or parasitological evaluation. A multiple re-gression was used to analyse the field data. The studies were aimed at identifying the perception of cattle farm-ers on the disease and to set out remedial actions. An assessment of 850 cattle farmers (drovers, herdsmen, ow-ners) on preference ranking of production objectives was made. Structured interviews of 250 herdsmen on con-straints encountered in the use of Berenil® for trypanosomiasis control were also conducted. Milk was domina-nt production objective of the farmers, but was severely affected by the disease. The major constraints identifi-ed with the control programmes were inadequate dosages of Berenil®, inappropriate pour-on techniques, incorr-ect treatment criteria and methods, and lack of extension services. Policy guidelines and strategies were propos-ed for addressing constraints for the disease control
{"title":"Control of cattle trypanosomiasis in coastal savannah of Ghana Part II: Field studies","authors":"Rk Esena","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V16I1-2.64792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V16I1-2.64792","url":null,"abstract":"Field studies on the control of animal trypanosomiasis were undertaken in the Coastal Savanna of Ghana to det-ermine the importance of the disease in livestock production. The methodologies adopted were participatory ru-ral appraisal, geographical information systems, and entomological or parasitological evaluation. A multiple re-gression was used to analyse the field data. The studies were aimed at identifying the perception of cattle farm-ers on the disease and to set out remedial actions. An assessment of 850 cattle farmers (drovers, herdsmen, ow-ners) on preference ranking of production objectives was made. Structured interviews of 250 herdsmen on con-straints encountered in the use of Berenil® for trypanosomiasis control were also conducted. Milk was domina-nt production objective of the farmers, but was severely affected by the disease. The major constraints identifi-ed with the control programmes were inadequate dosages of Berenil®, inappropriate pour-on techniques, incorr-ect treatment criteria and methods, and lack of extension services. Policy guidelines and strategies were propos-ed for addressing constraints for the disease control","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"460 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89749859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-25DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V16I1-2.64784
G. Laryea, K. Akufo-Kumi
{"title":"Combustion efficiency of a pressure-swirl nozzle burner","authors":"G. Laryea, K. Akufo-Kumi","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V16I1-2.64784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V16I1-2.64784","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77759732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54838
K. Ayensu, T. Madgwick
The behaviour of tumours cannot be effectively assessed on histological tissue sections only, hence, specific bi-ological markers were used to predict tumour behaviour. The biological markers at the same time must provide prognostic information, necessary for the treatment of patients. The immunostaining of antibodies against endo-glins CD105 and CD34 were effectively assessed using serially cut tumour tissue sections from the colon and il-eum. The results were correlated with data from normal tissue sections, and confirmed the superiority of anti-CD 105 antibody over other pan-endothelial cell markers, such as anti-CD34 in the assessment of tumour angio-genesis. In addition, micro vessel density was assessed using CD105 and CD34 antibodies directed towards en-dothelial cells to distinguish quantitatively tumour neovascularisation and any pre-existing blood vessels. Hen-ce, tumour angiogenesis arising from proliferation, migration, and remodelling of terminally differentiated en-dothelial cells from pre-existing blood vessels were assessed, providing a useful means of approaching therapy.
{"title":"Tumour marker expression in blood and lymphatic vessels of human gastrointestinal tract","authors":"K. Ayensu, T. Madgwick","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54838","url":null,"abstract":"The behaviour of tumours cannot be effectively assessed on histological tissue sections only, hence, specific bi-ological markers were used to predict tumour behaviour. The biological markers at the same time must provide prognostic information, necessary for the treatment of patients. The immunostaining of antibodies against endo-glins CD105 and CD34 were effectively assessed using serially cut tumour tissue sections from the colon and il-eum. The results were correlated with data from normal tissue sections, and confirmed the superiority of anti-CD 105 antibody over other pan-endothelial cell markers, such as anti-CD34 in the assessment of tumour angio-genesis. In addition, micro vessel density was assessed using CD105 and CD34 antibodies directed towards en-dothelial cells to distinguish quantitatively tumour neovascularisation and any pre-existing blood vessels. Hen-ce, tumour angiogenesis arising from proliferation, migration, and remodelling of terminally differentiated en-dothelial cells from pre-existing blood vessels were assessed, providing a useful means of approaching therapy.","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77494776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54840
T. Quarcoopome, F. Amevenku
The fish community structure of Weija Reservoir after twenty eight (28) years of impoundment was investigated to formulate management strategies and interventions for sustainable fisheries development. Monthly fish sam-pling was undertaken with gill nets of various mesh sizes from March to December 2005. Sixteen species repre-senting 11 genera and 7 families were recorded, indicating declining fish species richness due to disappearance of marine species and restructuring of the fish community in response to change from riverine to lacustrine con-ditions. Cichlid, mainly, Tilapia guineensis and Hemichromis fasciatus and Cyprinids, mainly B. macrops supp-orted about 69.6 % of total weight (mass) and 93.8 % of total number. About 37.14 % of all fish species ever recorded from the reservoir have disappeared and about 6 % have appeared, indicating that the fish community is undergoing restructuring. Semi-pelagic omnivores and aufwuchs-detritus herbivores constituted the most im-portant trophic groups accounting for about 65 % of both total weight and number. The Forage/Carnivores (F/C) ratio of 4.97 and 2.43 in terms of weight and numbers indicated acceptable ecological balance among the fish population. For effective fisheries development, regular biological monitoring of the major fish species, contr-ol of unapproved fishing practices and anthropogenic activities that accelerate habitat destruction and environm-ental degradation must be instituted.
{"title":"Fish community structure of Weija Reservoir after 28 years of impoundment","authors":"T. Quarcoopome, F. Amevenku","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54840","url":null,"abstract":"The fish community structure of Weija Reservoir after twenty eight (28) years of impoundment was investigated to formulate management strategies and interventions for sustainable fisheries development. Monthly fish sam-pling was undertaken with gill nets of various mesh sizes from March to December 2005. Sixteen species repre-senting 11 genera and 7 families were recorded, indicating declining fish species richness due to disappearance of marine species and restructuring of the fish community in response to change from riverine to lacustrine con-ditions. Cichlid, mainly, Tilapia guineensis and Hemichromis fasciatus and Cyprinids, mainly B. macrops supp-orted about 69.6 % of total weight (mass) and 93.8 % of total number. About 37.14 % of all fish species ever recorded from the reservoir have disappeared and about 6 % have appeared, indicating that the fish community is undergoing restructuring. Semi-pelagic omnivores and aufwuchs-detritus herbivores constituted the most im-portant trophic groups accounting for about 65 % of both total weight and number. The Forage/Carnivores (F/C) ratio of 4.97 and 2.43 in terms of weight and numbers indicated acceptable ecological balance among the fish population. For effective fisheries development, regular biological monitoring of the major fish species, contr-ol of unapproved fishing practices and anthropogenic activities that accelerate habitat destruction and environm-ental degradation must be instituted.","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85730088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54830
E. Nymphas, M. Adeniyi, E. Oladiran
Lightning discharges on ground depend on the electrostatic charges, nature of vegetation, topography and dyna-mics of the turbulent layer. In designing lightning protectors, one major consideration is the highest point in the surrounding that lightning is directed. The effects of ambient dischargers on lightning protectors were investi-gated, to determine both the discharge behavior and performance. The starting potential of the discharger confi-guration increased with clearance of tip of the central discharger from surrounding dischargers, instead of incre-asing with the average spacing between dischargers. The point of strike of lightning discharge depended on the line of least stress rather than the height clearance from the cloud; which determined the charge structure and dynamics of the cloud particulates.
{"title":"Behaviour of multiple lightning dischargers under a tropical thundercloud","authors":"E. Nymphas, M. Adeniyi, E. Oladiran","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54830","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning discharges on ground depend on the electrostatic charges, nature of vegetation, topography and dyna-mics of the turbulent layer. In designing lightning protectors, one major consideration is the highest point in the surrounding that lightning is directed. The effects of ambient dischargers on lightning protectors were investi-gated, to determine both the discharge behavior and performance. The starting potential of the discharger confi-guration increased with clearance of tip of the central discharger from surrounding dischargers, instead of incre-asing with the average spacing between dischargers. The point of strike of lightning discharge depended on the line of least stress rather than the height clearance from the cloud; which determined the charge structure and dynamics of the cloud particulates.","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81387382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54822
S. Onohaebi
Electrical power losses in Transmission and Distribution (T&D) networks in Nigeria have been examined to det-ermine the high technical and non-technical losses associated with the system, and the control measures to man-age the losses. Very long and over-aged T&D lines, unequal phase loads, inadequate reactive compensation and energy theft contributed to the high energy losses in the networks. The measures proposed to control the losses, enhance efficiency and strengthen reliability of the networks were using conductors of appropriate sizes, realig-ning the lines, introducing more substations, undertaking regular energy audit and implementing pre-paid meter-ing systems. The policies on deterring energy theft, meter tampering, fully accounting for energy generated and distributed and strategic marketing of power should be enforced. The re-branding of the Power Holding Comp-pany of Nigeria for satisfactory services would restore confidence of the customers.
{"title":"Controlling electrical power losses in transmission and distribution networks in Nigeria","authors":"S. Onohaebi","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54822","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical power losses in Transmission and Distribution (T&D) networks in Nigeria have been examined to det-ermine the high technical and non-technical losses associated with the system, and the control measures to man-age the losses. Very long and over-aged T&D lines, unequal phase loads, inadequate reactive compensation and energy theft contributed to the high energy losses in the networks. The measures proposed to control the losses, enhance efficiency and strengthen reliability of the networks were using conductors of appropriate sizes, realig-ning the lines, introducing more substations, undertaking regular energy audit and implementing pre-paid meter-ing systems. The policies on deterring energy theft, meter tampering, fully accounting for energy generated and distributed and strategic marketing of power should be enforced. The re-branding of the Power Holding Comp-pany of Nigeria for satisfactory services would restore confidence of the customers.","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91506159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54829
A. Anifowose, M. I. Oladapo, O. Akpan, C. Ologun, O. O. Adeoye-Oladapo, S. Y. Tsebeje, T. Yakubu
A geophysical study of Iwaraja segment of Ifewara-Zungeru fault zone in Nigeria was conducted using remote sensing and geoelectric techniques to analyse and identify the structural elements and fractures. The Omo Forest Reserve area, Abata Egba (along Ondo-Ife highway), and Iwaraja fault zones were selected for the study. Wenner electrode profiling was undertaken at electrode separations of 10, 20 and 30 m on diplines perpendicul-ar to trend of the fault, while Schlumberger electrode configuration was adopted for vertical electrical sounding on points delineated by resistivity profiles. At Omo Forest Reserve, 3 fault signatures of falling resistivity profi-les in uniformly high resistivity environment were identified. Deep fracturing manifested in consistently decrea-sing resistivity values at large electrode separations. At Olode area, 4 signatures were identified. The profiles at Iwaraja area showed the net resistivity decreased in Western direction. The overburden materials were variably thick and underlain by bedrock that had been partially weathered and fractured, but were not infinitely resistive as usually observed in crystalline Precambrian basement complex environment. The study area was characteriz-ed by a series of faults, which were oriented in the North North East - South South West ((NNE-SSW) directio-ns, and inclined towards the East.
{"title":"Systematic multi-technique mapping of the Southern flank of Iwaraja fault","authors":"A. Anifowose, M. I. Oladapo, O. Akpan, C. Ologun, O. O. Adeoye-Oladapo, S. Y. Tsebeje, T. Yakubu","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54829","url":null,"abstract":"A geophysical study of Iwaraja segment of Ifewara-Zungeru fault zone in Nigeria was conducted using remote sensing and geoelectric techniques to analyse and identify the structural elements and fractures. The Omo Forest Reserve area, Abata Egba (along Ondo-Ife highway), and Iwaraja fault zones were selected for the study. Wenner electrode profiling was undertaken at electrode separations of 10, 20 and 30 m on diplines perpendicul-ar to trend of the fault, while Schlumberger electrode configuration was adopted for vertical electrical sounding on points delineated by resistivity profiles. At Omo Forest Reserve, 3 fault signatures of falling resistivity profi-les in uniformly high resistivity environment were identified. Deep fracturing manifested in consistently decrea-sing resistivity values at large electrode separations. At Olode area, 4 signatures were identified. The profiles at Iwaraja area showed the net resistivity decreased in Western direction. The overburden materials were variably thick and underlain by bedrock that had been partially weathered and fractured, but were not infinitely resistive as usually observed in crystalline Precambrian basement complex environment. The study area was characteriz-ed by a series of faults, which were oriented in the North North East - South South West ((NNE-SSW) directio-ns, and inclined towards the East.","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81063221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54846
B. Solomon-Ayeh, R. King, I. Decardi-Nelson
The dynamics of street vending in terms of operational and locational characteristics were investigated. The exploratory research was conducted in the Kumasi Metropolis to illustrate that trading location is important and that street vendors are small space users. The locational characteristics induced impulse buying, by providing amenity value and convenient sales opportunity, and therefore the vendors returned after eviction, refused to lea-ve the sites, and re-occupied the streets. There was general perception that street vending created job opportuni-ties and provided livelihood option to many poor urban residents. The city authorities had not been able to en-force bye-laws to control the activities of the street vendors, thereby, creating chaotic urban environment. Sustainable solutions to the problems associated with street vending could be achieved through attitudinal chan-ge, education and skill training, alternative employment opportunities and relocation to other satellite markets. The recommendation is to institute measures to prohibit the activities, and prevent the negative and undesirable impacts on the urban environment.
{"title":"Operational and locational characteristics of street vending in Kumasi Metropolis (Ghana)","authors":"B. Solomon-Ayeh, R. King, I. Decardi-Nelson","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54846","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of street vending in terms of operational and locational characteristics were investigated. The exploratory research was conducted in the Kumasi Metropolis to illustrate that trading location is important and that street vendors are small space users. The locational characteristics induced impulse buying, by providing amenity value and convenient sales opportunity, and therefore the vendors returned after eviction, refused to lea-ve the sites, and re-occupied the streets. There was general perception that street vending created job opportuni-ties and provided livelihood option to many poor urban residents. The city authorities had not been able to en-force bye-laws to control the activities of the street vendors, thereby, creating chaotic urban environment. Sustainable solutions to the problems associated with street vending could be achieved through attitudinal chan-ge, education and skill training, alternative employment opportunities and relocation to other satellite markets. The recommendation is to institute measures to prohibit the activities, and prevent the negative and undesirable impacts on the urban environment.","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86818979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54843
C. Koranteng
A study was conducted to evaluate occupants’ perception of indoor environment, operation and functionality of building control systems, and energy implications of user behaviour towards the improvement of building desig-ns. Over a period of 12 months, data loggers were installed in 5 office buildings in Kumasi (Ghana) to record temperature and relative humidity values. In addition, a comprehensive questionnaire was administered to 64 occupants. The data and responses were evaluated and analysed by MS Excel. The outcomes showed that 45 % of occupants in mixed-mode and 70 % in naturally ventilated buildings were uncomfortable with the air quality during the dry season. The highest dissatisfaction with indoor environment was reported by 85 % of occupants in naturally ventilated building. The importance attached to operating windows and shades was relatively high-er (80 %) in the mixed-mode and naturally ventilated buildings than in the air-conditioned types (55 %). Train-ing in operation and functionality of control systems was identified as key factor affecting energy performance of the office buildings. Attention to building control systems, user perceptions and behaviour could improve the design, quality and energy performance of office buildings.
{"title":"Occupants’ evaluation of indoor environment, energy usage and controls of office buildings in Kumasi (Ghana)","authors":"C. Koranteng","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54843","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate occupants’ perception of indoor environment, operation and functionality of building control systems, and energy implications of user behaviour towards the improvement of building desig-ns. Over a period of 12 months, data loggers were installed in 5 office buildings in Kumasi (Ghana) to record temperature and relative humidity values. In addition, a comprehensive questionnaire was administered to 64 occupants. The data and responses were evaluated and analysed by MS Excel. The outcomes showed that 45 % of occupants in mixed-mode and 70 % in naturally ventilated buildings were uncomfortable with the air quality during the dry season. The highest dissatisfaction with indoor environment was reported by 85 % of occupants in naturally ventilated building. The importance attached to operating windows and shades was relatively high-er (80 %) in the mixed-mode and naturally ventilated buildings than in the air-conditioned types (55 %). Train-ing in operation and functionality of control systems was identified as key factor affecting energy performance of the office buildings. Attention to building control systems, user perceptions and behaviour could improve the design, quality and energy performance of office buildings.","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88594054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54837
E. Ophori, Cn Isibor, J. Isibor, M. Adu
One hundred and fifty stool samples from 65 female and 85 male patients with acute diarrhoea from the Central Hospital, Agbor (Nigeria) were examined to ascertain the likelihood of cholera outbreak in Agbor. The samples were preserved in Carey-Blair semi-solid medium, inoculated directly on blood agar, McConkey agar, deoxych-olate citrate (DCA) agar and thiosulphate-citrate-bile-salt (TCBS) agar, and incubated aerobically for 24 h at 37 o C. The isolates were characterised by sugar fermentation tests and cultural morphology. Seven bacterial gene-ra were identified and Escherichia coli had an incidence of 58 %, Vibrio cholerae 36 %, Salmonella spp. 14.7 %, Aeromonas hydrophila 9.3 %, Shigella dysenteriae 7.3 % and Klebsiella oxytoca 7.3. % each and 3.3 % for Shigella flexneri. The V. cholerae isolates were designated VC01-VC07, and were serotyped using polyvalent, monospecific Ogawa and Inaba 01 and 0139 antisera. V. cholerae 01 biotype ETor serotype Ogawa was predo-minant and prevalent between April - May 2008, when most of the isolates were isolated. For the VC01, 39 iso-lates were from males (72.2 %) and 15 were from females (27.8 %). The bacteria isolates were tested against 9 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. E. coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp and Aeromonas hydrophila were all resistant to gentamycin, tetracycline and penicillin (100 %) but were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciproflox-acin and cefotaxime. All the V. cholerae strains (100 %) were highly sensitive to cephataxime, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin, but were resistant to streptomycin (71.4 %), tetracycline (71.4 %) and peni-cillin (57.1 %), while all isolates showed intermediate resistance or sensitivity to gentamycin. The study indica-ted that there was an ecological niche that supported V. cholerae 01 biotype in Agbor, which could become pub-lic health concern, unless detailed epidemiological investigation is conducted.
{"title":"Identification and antibiotic sensitivity test of bacteria from stools of patients with acute diarrhoea","authors":"E. Ophori, Cn Isibor, J. Isibor, M. Adu","doi":"10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAST.V15I1-2.54837","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and fifty stool samples from 65 female and 85 male patients with acute diarrhoea from the Central Hospital, Agbor (Nigeria) were examined to ascertain the likelihood of cholera outbreak in Agbor. The samples were preserved in Carey-Blair semi-solid medium, inoculated directly on blood agar, McConkey agar, deoxych-olate citrate (DCA) agar and thiosulphate-citrate-bile-salt (TCBS) agar, and incubated aerobically for 24 h at 37 o C. The isolates were characterised by sugar fermentation tests and cultural morphology. Seven bacterial gene-ra were identified and Escherichia coli had an incidence of 58 %, Vibrio cholerae 36 %, Salmonella spp. 14.7 %, Aeromonas hydrophila 9.3 %, Shigella dysenteriae 7.3 % and Klebsiella oxytoca 7.3. % each and 3.3 % for Shigella flexneri. The V. cholerae isolates were designated VC01-VC07, and were serotyped using polyvalent, monospecific Ogawa and Inaba 01 and 0139 antisera. V. cholerae 01 biotype ETor serotype Ogawa was predo-minant and prevalent between April - May 2008, when most of the isolates were isolated. For the VC01, 39 iso-lates were from males (72.2 %) and 15 were from females (27.8 %). The bacteria isolates were tested against 9 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. E. coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp and Aeromonas hydrophila were all resistant to gentamycin, tetracycline and penicillin (100 %) but were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciproflox-acin and cefotaxime. All the V. cholerae strains (100 %) were highly sensitive to cephataxime, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin, but were resistant to streptomycin (71.4 %), tetracycline (71.4 %) and peni-cillin (57.1 %), while all isolates showed intermediate resistance or sensitivity to gentamycin. The study indica-ted that there was an ecological niche that supported V. cholerae 01 biotype in Agbor, which could become pub-lic health concern, unless detailed epidemiological investigation is conducted.","PeriodicalId":9207,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84851543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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