J. Bluteau, L. Massé, Catherine Fréchette-Simard, J. Pronovost
Internalized disorders such as anxiety and depression are among the most common psychological problems in adolescents. An important risk factor in the development of these disorders is stress, which can increase the risk of developing emotional difficulties. This study sought to evaluate the effects of the In vivo program, which is aimed at developing stress coping skills. A multi-case research design was used with three girls and three boys aged 13 to 17. Internalized symptoms and program adherence were measured using questionnaires; stress was measured using a biomarker, salivary cortisol. The results demonstrate that boys showed a clinically significant improvement in internalized symptoms, whereas no improvement was observed in girls.
{"title":"Effects of the In vivo program on salivary cortisol and internalized symptoms of adolescents: a multiple case pilot study","authors":"J. Bluteau, L. Massé, Catherine Fréchette-Simard, J. Pronovost","doi":"10.31296/aop.v5i2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/aop.v5i2.140","url":null,"abstract":"Internalized disorders such as anxiety and depression are among the most common psychological problems in adolescents. An important risk factor in the development of these disorders is stress, which can increase the risk of developing emotional difficulties. This study sought to evaluate the effects of the In vivo program, which is aimed at developing stress coping skills. A multi-case research design was used with three girls and three boys aged 13 to 17. Internalized symptoms and program adherence were measured using questionnaires; stress was measured using a biomarker, salivary cortisol. The results demonstrate that boys showed a clinically significant improvement in internalized symptoms, whereas no improvement was observed in girls.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77640743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the adaptive relevance of emotion, many individuals view their negative emotional experiences to be un-important, unnecessarily distressing and/or intolerable. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether such de-valuing “meta-emotional” views are associated with attachment insecurity, specifically anxious and avoidant attachment, in adults. Self-report questionnaires of meta-emotional philosophy (including “affect intolerance”), attachment insecurity, and self-esteem were collected from two samples: one through Amazon Mturk (N=96), another from students enrolled at a U.S. university (N=166). Correlation analyses demonstrated that affect intolerance was associated with insecure attachment in both studies. In the second study, self-esteem was shown to mediate that relationship, fully for avoidant attachment, and partially for anxious attachment. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature demonstrating that dismissive, intolerant, or devaluing personal views of one’s own negative emotions is associated with deleterious psychological outcomes. Keywords: Emotion; Meta-Emotion; Affect; Self-Esteem; Attachment; Evolution
{"title":"Affect Intolerance is Associated with Insecure Attachment and Reduced Self-Esteem in Adults","authors":"M. Kisley, C. Caudle, Amanda M. Harvey","doi":"10.31296/aop.v3i8.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/aop.v3i8.121","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the adaptive relevance of emotion, many individuals view their negative emotional experiences to be un-important, unnecessarily distressing and/or intolerable. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether such de-valuing “meta-emotional” views are associated with attachment insecurity, specifically anxious and avoidant attachment, in adults. Self-report questionnaires of meta-emotional philosophy (including “affect intolerance”), attachment insecurity, and self-esteem were collected from two samples: one through Amazon Mturk (N=96), another from students enrolled at a U.S. university (N=166). Correlation analyses demonstrated that affect intolerance was associated with insecure attachment in both studies. In the second study, self-esteem was shown to mediate that relationship, fully for avoidant attachment, and partially for anxious attachment. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature demonstrating that dismissive, intolerant, or devaluing personal views of one’s own negative emotions is associated with deleterious psychological outcomes. \u0000Keywords: Emotion; Meta-Emotion; Affect; Self-Esteem; Attachment; Evolution","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76754174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reliability is an important property to established for a measurement instrument. There are several types of reliabilities and each with its own purposes. However, whether warranted or not, internal consistency via coefficient alpha has been the standard for establishing the reliability of a measurement instrument for over 60 years. During this time, coefficient omega was proposed as an alternative, but has remained obscured. Nonetheless, neither coefficient has been further developed since their inception until recent years. A clearer discussion of the three classical true score model forms and their relationship to reliability, computational methods, and the asymptotic distribution of coefficient alpha provided the foundation for fruitful confidence interval research for each coefficient. In this respect, the normal theory bootstrap CI is the most optimal for both coefficients. Even so, there is still more promising research to pursue.
{"title":"A Primer on Reliability via Coefficient Alpha and Omega","authors":"M. A. Padilla","doi":"10.31296/aop.v3i8.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/aop.v3i8.125","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability is an important property to established for a measurement instrument. There are several types of reliabilities and each with its own purposes. However, whether warranted or not, internal consistency via coefficient alpha has been the standard for establishing the reliability of a measurement instrument for over 60 years. During this time, coefficient omega was proposed as an alternative, but has remained obscured. Nonetheless, neither coefficient has been further developed since their inception until recent years. A clearer discussion of the three classical true score model forms and their relationship to reliability, computational methods, and the asymptotic distribution of coefficient alpha provided the foundation for fruitful confidence interval research for each coefficient. In this respect, the normal theory bootstrap CI is the most optimal for both coefficients. Even so, there is still more promising research to pursue.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86179207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of people suffering from mental health problems in the workplace is alarming. As costs resulting from lost productivity increase, so does the need for work organizations to address mental health issues. Because stress negatively contributes to mental health, employers are encouraged to tackle mental health problems by assisting employees with stress management. In addition to creating a supportive environment, training employees on boundary and coping strategies, promoting and supporting daily recovery efforts, and encouraging and facilitating access to social support are described as three approaches work organizations may want to embrace.
{"title":"Manage Stress to Tackle Mental Health Problems in the Workplace","authors":"Amy E. Mickel","doi":"10.31296/aop.v3i7.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/aop.v3i7.126","url":null,"abstract":"The number of people suffering from mental health problems in the workplace is alarming. As costs resulting from lost productivity increase, so does the need for work organizations to address mental health issues. Because stress negatively contributes to mental health, employers are encouraged to tackle mental health problems by assisting employees with stress management. In addition to creating a supportive environment, training employees on boundary and coping strategies, promoting and supporting daily recovery efforts, and encouraging and facilitating access to social support are described as three approaches work organizations may want to embrace.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75671749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. E. Hayek, D. Saab, C. Farhat, Zaher Krayem, E. Karam
Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been mainly studied in children, even though it persists into adulthood; only recently has adult ADHD received the required attention. ADHD research in Arab speaking countries is relatively scarce. Objectives: This scoping review has as objectives to provide a comprehensive overview of adult ADHD research in the 22 Arab countries, to identify gaps in the literature and inform future research. Methods: The scoping review is underpinned by the five-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Eight electronics databases were searched for published and unpublished literature as well as conference proceedings from conception date of databases until February 2018. Results: The literature search yielded 2,792 citations after removal of duplicates, out of which 11 articles and conference proceedings were included. Publications were concentrated in the 21st century. ADHD diagnosis and sample differed between each study, where a variety of screening and diagnostic tools were used among clinical and community samples. National prevalence of adult ADHD only exists for Lebanon and Iraq as they are part of the World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys initiative. Also, adult ADHD is highly comorbid with bipolar and substance use disorder and related entities. Conclusions: This is the first methodologically rigorous scoping review focusing solely on adult ADHD in the Arab region. We found that adult ADHD is quite prevalent in the Arab World where studied, linked to serious impairment, and is highly comorbid, yet it is under-researched and undertreated across the Middle East and North Africa.
{"title":"Adult ADHD in the Arab World: A review","authors":"G. E. Hayek, D. Saab, C. Farhat, Zaher Krayem, E. Karam","doi":"10.31296/aop.v3i7.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/aop.v3i7.115","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been mainly studied in children, even though it persists into adulthood; only recently has adult ADHD received the required attention. ADHD research in Arab speaking countries is relatively scarce. \u0000Objectives: This scoping review has as objectives to provide a comprehensive overview of adult ADHD research in the 22 Arab countries, to identify gaps in the literature and inform future research. \u0000Methods: The scoping review is underpinned by the five-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Eight electronics databases were searched for published and unpublished literature as well as conference proceedings from conception date of databases until February 2018. \u0000Results: The literature search yielded 2,792 citations after removal of duplicates, out of which 11 articles and conference proceedings were included. Publications were concentrated in the 21st century. ADHD diagnosis and sample differed between each study, where a variety of screening and diagnostic tools were used among clinical and community samples. National prevalence of adult ADHD only exists for Lebanon and Iraq as they are part of the World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys initiative. Also, adult ADHD is highly comorbid with bipolar and substance use disorder and related entities. \u0000Conclusions: This is the first methodologically rigorous scoping review focusing solely on adult ADHD in the Arab region. We found that adult ADHD is quite prevalent in the Arab World where studied, linked to serious impairment, and is highly comorbid, yet it is under-researched and undertreated across the Middle East and North Africa.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90308954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Bayesian parametric and the semiparametric approach are compared to estimate the nonpolynomial direct and the instantaneous indirect effect among latent factors in the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Nonpolynomial indirect relationships are especially common in the psychological, biometrical, and physical fields. However, the assumption of normality within the parametric framework limits the statistical inferences of the nonlinear direct and indirect estimates. The semiparametric Bayesian approach is applied using the truncated Dirichlet process with a stick breaking prior to track the instantaneous indirect effect that are derived from a composite of nonpolynomial nonlinear functions (e.g., exponential, logarithm, and sine) in a simulation study. The results show that the semiparametric approach provides more accurate estimates as well as a higher accuracy in recovering nonpolynomial direct and indirect effect among latent factors.
{"title":"A comparison between the Bayesian parametric and the semiparametric approach in estimating nonpolynomial instantaneous indirect effect in the Structural Equation Model with ordinal data","authors":"Lu Qin, J. Templin, Qianqian Pan","doi":"10.31296/aop.v3i7.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/aop.v3i7.116","url":null,"abstract":"A Bayesian parametric and the semiparametric approach are compared to estimate the nonpolynomial direct and the instantaneous indirect effect among latent factors in the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Nonpolynomial indirect relationships are especially common in the psychological, biometrical, and physical fields. However, the assumption of normality within the parametric framework limits the statistical inferences of the nonlinear direct and indirect estimates. The semiparametric Bayesian approach is applied using the truncated Dirichlet process with a stick breaking prior to track the instantaneous indirect effect that are derived from a composite of nonpolynomial nonlinear functions (e.g., exponential, logarithm, and sine) in a simulation study. The results show that the semiparametric approach provides more accurate estimates as well as a higher accuracy in recovering nonpolynomial direct and indirect effect among latent factors.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82253253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper uses a UK panel study dataset, to investigate effects of stressful ‘life events’ on mental health. Various events – including poverty, unemployment, and illness – increase the risk of depression. There may be delayed effects of a stressful event: many people experience a slow recovery from depression. This paper reports evidence that in ‘General Health Questionnaire’ GHQ-12, feeling ‘worthless’ shows the slowest recovery after a harmful event: up to about nine years. Evidence in this paper is reported as charts, showing gradual recovery from traumatic events; and regression analysis. These charts are broadly consistent with regression results. Keywords: Depression; life events; slow recovery; GHQ-12; worthlessness
{"title":"Long-term depression following stressful life events: feeling ‘worthless’ shows the slowest recovery","authors":"John Simister","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V3I6.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V3I6.118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses a UK panel study dataset, to investigate effects of stressful ‘life events’ on mental health. Various events – including poverty, unemployment, and illness – increase the risk of depression. There may be delayed effects of a stressful event: many people experience a slow recovery from depression. This paper reports evidence that in ‘General Health Questionnaire’ GHQ-12, feeling ‘worthless’ shows the slowest recovery after a harmful event: up to about nine years. Evidence in this paper is reported as charts, showing gradual recovery from traumatic events; and regression analysis. These charts are broadly consistent with regression results. \u0000Keywords: Depression; life events; slow recovery; GHQ-12; worthlessness","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73192549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikaela J. Dufur, Jared D. Thorpe, H. Barton, J. Hoffmann, T. L. Parcel
Social capital theory suggests that the norms, obligations, and information adolescents receive from their social relationships act as a form of capital that can be traded in social situations. The implications of this theory are clear when considering growth in positive outcomes: more social capital should provide greater growth. However, the implications are less clear when considering potential protective effects against negative outcomes. We conduct a systematic review of the literature on social capital to examine the evidence for these protective effects. We discuss what social capital is and how it has been applied to youth previously before moving to a review of the relevant literature linking social capital and a number of negative outcomes. We find evidence that social capital does generally protect youth from negative outcomes; however, the evidence for some outcomes, such as mental health, are mixed. We review the implications of our findings and suggest avenues for future research.
{"title":"Can Social Capital Protect Adolescents from Delinquent Behavior, Antisocial Attitudes, and Mental Health Problems?","authors":"Mikaela J. Dufur, Jared D. Thorpe, H. Barton, J. Hoffmann, T. L. Parcel","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V3I6.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V3I6.119","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital theory suggests that the norms, obligations, and information adolescents receive from their social relationships act as a form of capital that can be traded in social situations. The implications of this theory are clear when considering growth in positive outcomes: more social capital should provide greater growth. However, the implications are less clear when considering potential protective effects against negative outcomes. We conduct a systematic review of the literature on social capital to examine the evidence for these protective effects. We discuss what social capital is and how it has been applied to youth previously before moving to a review of the relevant literature linking social capital and a number of negative outcomes. We find evidence that social capital does generally protect youth from negative outcomes; however, the evidence for some outcomes, such as mental health, are mixed. We review the implications of our findings and suggest avenues for future research.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76328148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many people with serious mental illnesses continue to experience premature mortality and complex physical health problems. Navigation and guided care methods have been expanded to reach many different populations – all of whom face varying barriers to health care and social services. A navigator guides consumer/patients around health system obstacles with ultimate goals of achieving access to care. Navigator and peer programs have had the most positive effect in helping mental health consumer/patients link to primary care. The voices of consumer/patients, peers, and other navigators are integral to the science and art of navigation for mental health. Effective navigation models, trained navigator and peer professionals have enormous potential to help consumer/patients achieve optimal physical and mental health outcomes.
{"title":"Care Navigators and Peers for Mental Health: What is the State of Practice?","authors":"K. Griswold","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V3I3.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V3I3.100","url":null,"abstract":"Many people with serious mental illnesses continue to experience premature mortality and complex physical health problems. Navigation and guided care methods have been expanded to reach many different populations – all of whom face varying barriers to health care and social services. A navigator guides consumer/patients around health system obstacles with ultimate goals of achieving access to care. Navigator and peer programs have had the most positive effect in helping mental health consumer/patients link to primary care. The voices of consumer/patients, peers, and other navigators are integral to the science and art of navigation for mental health. Effective navigation models, trained navigator and peer professionals have enormous potential to help consumer/patients achieve optimal physical and mental health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87776911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a major public health concern in the United States as childhood trauma can lead to long-term health and mental health consequences. They disproportionally affect low-income children of diverse backgrounds; however, parent education can potentially reduce ACEs among low-income young children. This study aims to examine whether parents’ perceptions toward ACEs changed after exposure to ACEsrelated infographic education. In this study, we identified three main themes across the focus group interviews that highlight the importance of ACEs-related educational intervention. Following the ACEs-related education, our study found that the vast majority of participants’ attitudes toward and perceptions of ACEs changed from normalizing ACEs to acknowledging and accepting the consequences of ACEs; the participants also reported feeling empowered to prevent the cycle of ACEs. More importantly, the participants recognized that ACEs could cause long-term traumatic damage to the exposed child’s health outcomes, and they felt empowered to seek resources for ACEs-related interventions. These findings shed positive light on the significance of educating parents on ACEs, which should be considered for policy implications and program interventions to prevent child maltreatment in the United States. We propose an intervention model using the health literacy and educational empowerment frameworks along with other policy recommendations that highlight the importance of culturally and linguistically appropriate services for diverse families living in low-income housing communities.
{"title":"Let’s Face Adverse Childhood Experiences (FACE) It: Parent Education and Empowerment","authors":"C. Thao, Irán Barrera, Uyen Nguyen","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V3I5.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V3I5.107","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a major public health concern in the United States as childhood trauma can lead to long-term health and mental health consequences. They disproportionally affect low-income children of diverse backgrounds; however, parent education can potentially reduce ACEs among low-income young children. This study aims to examine whether parents’ perceptions toward ACEs changed after exposure to ACEsrelated infographic education. In this study, we identified three main themes across the focus group interviews that highlight the importance of ACEs-related educational intervention. Following the ACEs-related education, our study found that the vast majority of participants’ attitudes toward and perceptions of ACEs changed from normalizing ACEs to acknowledging and accepting the consequences of ACEs; the participants also reported feeling empowered to prevent the cycle of ACEs. More importantly, the participants recognized that ACEs could cause long-term traumatic damage to the exposed child’s health outcomes, and they felt empowered to seek resources for ACEs-related interventions. These findings shed positive light on the significance of educating parents on ACEs, which should be considered for policy implications and program interventions to prevent child maltreatment in the United States. We propose an intervention model using the health literacy and educational empowerment frameworks along with other policy recommendations that highlight the importance of culturally and linguistically appropriate services for diverse families living in low-income housing communities.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85381669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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