The current study involved a sample of 142 mothers subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV). The study examined the relationship between trauma symptoms and frequency of harsh discipline and tested the indirect effects of perceived caregiving helplessness and parental control of children’s behavior on this relationship. Using the newly developed Caregiving Helplessness Questionnaire to measure caregiving helplessness we identified potential processes by which trauma symptoms may be associated with the frequency of harsh discipline. Taken together, perceived caregiving helplessness and lack of parental control of children’s behavior mediated the effect of trauma symptoms on harsh discipline. Both lack of perceived parental control and caregiving helplessness had specific indirect effects on the relationship between trauma symptoms and the frequency of harsh discipline.
{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence Victimization, Maternal harsh discipline, and the Mediating Impact of care-giving helplessness and parental control","authors":"Karin K. Grip","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V3I1.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V3I1.91","url":null,"abstract":"The current study involved a sample of 142 mothers subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV). The study examined the relationship between trauma symptoms and frequency of harsh discipline and tested the indirect effects of perceived caregiving helplessness and parental control of children’s behavior on this relationship. Using the newly developed Caregiving Helplessness Questionnaire to measure caregiving helplessness we identified potential processes by which trauma symptoms may be associated with the frequency of harsh discipline. Taken together, perceived caregiving helplessness and lack of parental control of children’s behavior mediated the effect of trauma symptoms on harsh discipline. Both lack of perceived parental control and caregiving helplessness had specific indirect effects on the relationship between trauma symptoms and the frequency of harsh discipline.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86249773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the technique of exploratory latent class cluster analysis. The classical analysis is a model-based statistical approach for identifying unobserved subgroups from observed categorical data and for classifying cases into the identified subgroups based on membership probabilities estimated directly from the statistical model. In the first part on mathematical modeling of the paper, we introduce the data and the sampling distribution for the data as required in the analysis of latent classes, the fundamental model assumptions are reviewed, and the general unrestricted latent class model is presented. Classification of cases into the clusters using modal assignment is discussed. In the second part on inferential statistics of the paper, we briefly review the classical maximum likelihood methodology related to parameter estimation and model testing, and the information criteria AIC and SIC for model selection. In the third part on case study of the paper, the General Social Survey data are analyzed using the software Latent GOLD®. We present the Latent GOLD® profile plot and tri plot options for the graphical representation of the results. The Latent GOLD® classification output illustrating the assignment of respondents to the latent survey respondent types is also shown.
{"title":"Latent class cluster analysis","authors":"A. Ünlü","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/h5w6x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h5w6x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the technique of exploratory latent class cluster analysis. The classical analysis is a model-based statistical approach for identifying unobserved subgroups from observed categorical data and for classifying cases into the identified subgroups based on membership probabilities estimated directly from the statistical model. \u0000In the first part on mathematical modeling of the paper, we introduce the data and the sampling distribution for the data as required in the analysis of latent classes, the fundamental model assumptions are reviewed, and the general unrestricted latent class model is presented. Classification of cases into the clusters using modal assignment is discussed. In the second part on inferential statistics of the paper, we briefly review the classical maximum likelihood methodology related to parameter estimation and model testing, and the information criteria AIC and SIC for model selection. In the third part on case study of the paper, the General Social Survey data are analyzed using the software Latent GOLD®. We present the Latent GOLD® profile plot and tri plot options for the graphical representation of the results. The Latent GOLD® classification output illustrating the assignment of respondents to the latent survey respondent types is also shown.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83039226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Bryant, Brian R. Bryant, Danielle A. Sorelle-Miner, Terry S. Falcomata, M. Nozari
Abstract A multiple baseline design was employed to examine the effects of an intensive mathematics intervention, which focused on early numeracy concepts and skills. Thirty-three second grade students participated in the study. Students attended five different schools in one school district and received the intervention in a total of 12 groups from mathematics interventionists. The intervention occurred for about 30 min per session, 5 days a week for 8 weeks with a maintenance phase two weeks later and generalization testing four weeks later. The intervention consisted of explicit instruction, strategies, and mathematics practices. Visual analyses of the data showed improvement for the majority of the groups. Effect size calculations showed no evidence of overlapping data between baseline and intervention for nine out of twelve groups. Maintenance data revealed positive results and five students had a posttest score at or above the 25th percentile on the generalization measure. Implications for practice with limitations and future research are discussed.
{"title":"Tier 3 Intensified Intervention for Second Grade Students with Severe Mathematics Difficulties","authors":"D. Bryant, Brian R. Bryant, Danielle A. Sorelle-Miner, Terry S. Falcomata, M. Nozari","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V2I11.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V2I11.86","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000A multiple baseline design was employed to examine the effects of an intensive mathematics intervention, which focused on early numeracy concepts and skills. Thirty-three second grade students participated in the study. Students attended five different schools in one school district and received the intervention in a total of 12 groups from mathematics interventionists. The intervention occurred for about 30 min per session, 5 days a week for 8 weeks with a maintenance phase two weeks later and generalization testing four weeks later. The intervention consisted of explicit instruction, strategies, and mathematics practices. Visual analyses of the data showed improvement for the majority of the groups. Effect size calculations showed no evidence of overlapping data between baseline and intervention for nine out of twelve groups. Maintenance data revealed positive results and five students had a posttest score at or above the 25th percentile on the generalization measure. Implications for practice with limitations and future research are discussed. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79199048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Vis-à-Vis (VAV), an online enrichment program targeting skills that underlie social abilities (looking at the eye region of faces, emotion comprehension & recognition and visuo-spatial working memory) was administered to children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS)) and developmental delay (DD). Differential functional activation throughout the brain and in regions related to face processing were measured before and after remediation. Methods: Participants with ASD (N=16), 22q11DS (N=12), and DD (N=9) completed a functional localizer task consisting of pictures of faces and tools before undertaking the 12-week VAV program (PreR). The same fMRI task was administered immediately after VAV, at post-remediation (PostR), and again three months later (Break). A group of healthy controls (N=10) was scanned, but not given VAV, to provide a baseline comparison for patients’ results. Functional neuroimaging data was analysed for category-specific brain activity. Results: The ASD and the 22q11DS groups both showed atypical activation to faces at PreR compared to controls. Whereas activation in 22q11DS at PostR and Break resembled that of controls in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, insula, bilateral precentral gyrus, right lingual gyrus and right middle frontal cortex. Unlike the 22q11DS group, the ASD group’s activation did not resemble that of controls at PostR or Break. Significant clusters in the ASD group were limited to left insula and right lingual gyrus at PostR, and right superior frontal gyrus at Break. Nevertheless, a significant relationship between increased BOLD response between PreR and PostR in the right fusiform gyrus and improvement on the VAV games teaching participants to focus on the eyes was observed in both groups. This relationship was not present in the DD group. Conclusions: These results support hypo-activation in response to faces in ASD and 22q11DS and differential cerebral activation in face processing networks following cognitive remediation.
{"title":"Remediating functional activation in the face perception network in autism and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome","authors":"B. Glaser","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V2I8.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V2I8.75","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vis-à-Vis (VAV), an online enrichment program targeting skills that underlie social abilities (looking at the eye region of faces, emotion comprehension & recognition and visuo-spatial working memory) was administered to children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS)) and developmental delay (DD). Differential functional activation throughout the brain and in regions related to face processing were measured before and after remediation. \u0000Methods: Participants with ASD (N=16), 22q11DS (N=12), and DD (N=9) completed a functional localizer task consisting of pictures of faces and tools before undertaking the 12-week VAV program (PreR). The same fMRI task was administered immediately after VAV, at post-remediation (PostR), and again three months later (Break). A group of healthy controls (N=10) was scanned, but not given VAV, to provide a baseline comparison for patients’ results. Functional neuroimaging data was analysed for category-specific brain activity. \u0000Results: The ASD and the 22q11DS groups both showed atypical activation to faces at PreR compared to controls. Whereas activation in 22q11DS at PostR and Break resembled that of controls in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, insula, bilateral precentral gyrus, right lingual gyrus and right middle frontal cortex. Unlike the 22q11DS group, the ASD group’s activation did not resemble that of controls at PostR or Break. Significant clusters in the ASD group were limited to left insula and right lingual gyrus at PostR, and right superior frontal gyrus at Break. Nevertheless, a significant relationship between increased BOLD response between PreR and PostR in the right fusiform gyrus and improvement on the VAV games teaching participants to focus on the eyes was observed in both groups. This relationship was not present in the DD group. \u0000Conclusions: These results support hypo-activation in response to faces in ASD and 22q11DS and differential cerebral activation in face processing networks following cognitive remediation.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75467316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contemporary study of memory has greatly benefited from recent findings in neuroscience and psychology showing that memory is a highly flexible, contextualized and yet, reliable enough system, composed of different types of functions that overlap to provide an overall balance of accuracy and meaning. Although I discuss some of these findings, my main focus is on putting them into a larger perspective. Memory has been a very important issue in the humanities, literature, and the history of psychology. This paper discusses the importance of inner speech and narrative from a theoretical and historical perspective, interpreting contemporary findings in the light of previous theories of memory, consciousness, and the influence of language on both. Collective memory, different forms of reality monitoring, and the interaction between episodic and autobiographical memory are discussed. Previous views on the suppression and intrusion of memories are also analyzed.
{"title":"Reality Monitoring and Autobiographical Memory: Negotiating the Self","authors":"Carlos Montemayor","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V2I9.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V2I9.84","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary study of memory has greatly benefited from recent findings in neuroscience and psychology showing that memory is a highly flexible, contextualized and yet, reliable enough system, composed of different types of functions that overlap to provide an overall balance of accuracy and meaning. Although I discuss some of these findings, my main focus is on putting them into a larger perspective. Memory has been a very important issue in the humanities, literature, and the history of psychology. This paper discusses the importance of inner speech and narrative from a theoretical and historical perspective, interpreting contemporary findings in the light of previous theories of memory, consciousness, and the influence of language on both. Collective memory, different forms of reality monitoring, and the interaction between episodic and autobiographical memory are discussed. Previous views on the suppression and intrusion of memories are also analyzed.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76156603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Attachment style is one of the most significant driving forces across the lifespan as identified by a variety of studies. Many studies have suggested that there might be an association between attachment and mental health. In a different thread of research, studies provided evidence that dysfunctional emotion regulation has a potential impact on an individual’s mental health. The present review has the purpose to examine available papers on the association of adult attachment with mental health with particular emphasis on the role of emotion regulation in this association. A database search was conducted for published data in Psych INFO, Elsevier and Google Scholar by combining search terms: ‘adult attachment’, ‘mental health, diseases or illnesses’ and ‘emotion regulation’. A total of 182 studies were identified and screened, and finally 19 studies met inclusion criteria. Results of this review revealed a moderate association between insecure attachment and several mental disorders. Also, individuals with insecure attachment showed more difficulty in emotion regulation. However, some studies found no positive association between avoidant attachment and mental disease. This review suggests that individual with insecure attachment showed an increased risk for mental disorders and that and emotion dysregulation might mediate this relationship. However, most of studies had non-clinical samples which could affect result. Therefore, further research is needed to examine clinical samples regarding the attachment in adulthood and mental health and the role of emotion regulation to come up with more accurate results in the future.
{"title":"Adult attachment and mental health: The role of emotion regulation","authors":"Zeinab Mortazavizadeh, S. Forstmeier","doi":"10.31296/aop.v2i9.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/aop.v2i9.83","url":null,"abstract":"Attachment style is one of the most significant driving forces across the lifespan as identified by a variety of studies. Many studies have suggested that there might be an association between attachment and mental health. In a different thread of research, studies provided evidence that dysfunctional emotion regulation has a potential impact on an individual’s mental health. The present review has the purpose to examine available papers on the association of adult attachment with mental health with particular emphasis on the role of emotion regulation in this association. \u0000A database search was conducted for published data in Psych INFO, Elsevier and Google Scholar by combining search terms: ‘adult attachment’, ‘mental health, diseases or illnesses’ and ‘emotion regulation’. \u0000A total of 182 studies were identified and screened, and finally 19 studies met inclusion criteria. Results of this review revealed a moderate association between insecure attachment and several mental disorders. Also, individuals with insecure attachment showed more difficulty in emotion regulation. However, some studies found no positive association between avoidant attachment and mental disease. \u0000This review suggests that individual with insecure attachment showed an increased risk for mental disorders and that and emotion dysregulation might mediate this relationship. However, most of studies had non-clinical samples which could affect result. Therefore, further research is needed to examine clinical samples regarding the attachment in adulthood and mental health and the role of emotion regulation to come up with more accurate results in the future.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79011805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four conceptual models and measures of adult playfulness were investigated and compared. Each proffers different constitutive dimensions underlying the construct, and argues that the explanation for playfulness lies within the independent or relative contributions of the dimensions, or in their interactive relationship. 646 undergraduate university students with complete data on all four measures, as well as on a self-rated criterion assessment, participated in the study. The findings indicated the extent to which each model was best regarded as an additive, balanced, or synergistic relationship, and further revealed their differential efficacy and predictive power in capturing and elucidating the adult playfulness construct. An alternative model is proposed in which the most powerful predictors are synthesized. Contributions toward an increased understanding of playfulness in young adults were identified from the collation of results and their competing hypotheses, and directions for the trajectory of further research utilizing the conceptual frameworks were presented.
{"title":"Conceptual models of the playfulness construct: Additive, balanced, or synergistic?","authors":"L. Barnett","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V2I7.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V2I7.79","url":null,"abstract":"Four conceptual models and measures of adult playfulness were investigated and compared. Each proffers different constitutive dimensions underlying the construct, and argues that the explanation for playfulness lies within the independent or relative contributions of the dimensions, or in their interactive relationship. 646 undergraduate university students with complete data on all four measures, as well as on a self-rated criterion assessment, participated in the study. The findings indicated the extent to which each model was best regarded as an additive, balanced, or synergistic relationship, and further revealed their differential efficacy and predictive power in capturing and elucidating the adult playfulness construct. An alternative model is proposed in which the most powerful predictors are synthesized. Contributions toward an increased understanding of playfulness in young adults were identified from the collation of results and their competing hypotheses, and directions for the trajectory of further research utilizing the conceptual frameworks were presented. ","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89273478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child marriage, defined as marriage before 18 years, is a reality for more than 60 million women worldwide. This is more prevalent in developing countries including Bangladesh. Although the universal age for the marriage of women is 18 years, the girls get married earlier across different countries depending on the socio-cultural perspective. Globally child marriage is not uncommon even in this twenty first century; however, the phenomenon is concentrated in the developing countries, especially in Africa and South Asia. Currently Bangladesh is securing the 8th position among the highest burdened countries with child marriage. This literature review attempts to illuminate over the overall scenario of child marriage with special emphasis on Bangladesh situation. Besides, we also reviewed for drivers, consequences and legal aspects of child marriage. The evidences suggest that education, women empowerment and programmes involving the community stakeholders with bottom-up approach can be effective in preventing child marriage and can foster change relatively quickly.
{"title":"Child marriage: historical reality around the globe and in Bangladesh – A literature review","authors":"M. Chowdhury, Salma Morium","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V2I7.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V2I7.80","url":null,"abstract":"Child marriage, defined as marriage before 18 years, is a reality for more than 60 million women worldwide. This is more prevalent in developing countries including Bangladesh. Although the universal age for the marriage of women is 18 years, the girls get married earlier across different countries depending on the socio-cultural perspective. Globally child marriage is not uncommon even in this twenty first century; however, the phenomenon is concentrated in the developing countries, especially in Africa and South Asia. Currently Bangladesh is securing the 8th position among the highest burdened countries with child marriage. This literature review attempts to illuminate over the overall scenario of child marriage with special emphasis on Bangladesh situation. Besides, we also reviewed for drivers, consequences and legal aspects of child marriage. The evidences suggest that education, women empowerment and programmes involving the community stakeholders with bottom-up approach can be effective in preventing child marriage and can foster change relatively quickly.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81476793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern global markets have made for shorter product cycles. In turn, the importance of innovation to advanced economies has risen and psychological traits associated with innovation and entrepreneurship (as measured, for example, on some subscales of the eSAIL inventory, such as agency and abstract construal) have become recognized as a critically important national resource. Recent work has shown an inverse correlation between chronic stress and scores achieved on such scales. In light of the epidemic levels of metabolic stress observed in advanced economies, this review focuses on pathways and gene products of importance to mitochondrial homeostasis, known to connect metabolic stress with impaired cerebral function, with possible implications for agency and abstraction. Knowledge of these pathways identifies possible interventions, and some of these are also discussed.
{"title":"Chronic metabolic stress, central nervous system gene expression and innovator traits: What might we do to manage them?","authors":"D. Mascarenhas","doi":"10.31296/aop.v2i6.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/aop.v2i6.69","url":null,"abstract":"Modern global markets have made for shorter product cycles. In turn, the importance of innovation to advanced economies has risen and psychological traits associated with innovation and entrepreneurship (as measured, for example, on some subscales of the eSAIL inventory, such as agency and abstract construal) have become recognized as a critically important national resource. Recent work has shown an inverse correlation between chronic stress and scores achieved on such scales. In light of the epidemic levels of metabolic stress observed in advanced economies, this review focuses on pathways and gene products of importance to mitochondrial homeostasis, known to connect metabolic stress with impaired cerebral function, with possible implications for agency and abstraction. Knowledge of these pathways identifies possible interventions, and some of these are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79680671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We contend that a tendency toward cooperative behavior in humans was magnifed by humans dealing with one another in trade and in joint activity such as big game hunting. Relative specialization by task (division of labor) provided a setting for trade to be gainful to all traders. Humans agglomerated to take advantage of specialization and trade. We also reflect on situations in which only some sort of negotiation or bargaining will allow joint-tasks to get carried out.
{"title":"Economic Considerations for the Evolution of Cooperation","authors":"J. Hartwick","doi":"10.31296/AOP.V2I6.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31296/AOP.V2I6.64","url":null,"abstract":"We contend that a tendency toward cooperative behavior in humans was magnifed by humans dealing with one another in trade and in joint activity such as big game hunting. Relative specialization by task (division of labor) provided a setting for trade to be gainful to all traders. Humans agglomerated to take advantage of specialization and trade. We also reflect on situations in which only some sort of negotiation or bargaining will allow joint-tasks to get carried out.","PeriodicalId":92173,"journal":{"name":"Archives of psychology (Chicago, Ill.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85998261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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