Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.56557/joban/2024/v16i28789
Ekta Rana, Y. Y. Sumthane, Indesh Attri, Bandana Dhiman
Picrorhiza kurrooa is an herbaceous perennial plant that grows in the Himalayas, and for many years it has been used as a medicine in Ayurvedic tradition for its wide range of therapeutic applications which has been mentioned in renowned old texts like Charaka Samhita, Sushurata Samhita, Ashtanga etc. This short review paper highlights the chemical and botanical features of P. kurrooa which belongs to family Plantaginaceae with emphasis on its bioactive components such as iridoid glycosides and cucurbitacins. Pharmacological studies have found hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in P. kurrooa aka ‘kutki’ locally. In Himalayan region kutki is known for its use in traditional systems of medicine by amchies. Molecular mechanisms of action of P. kurrooa are under study currently and this paper looks at the mode of actions as well as diseases treated by it especially liver dysfunctions, respiratory conditions, skin problems among others. Among the main obstacles that impede development in PIC research are lack of knowledge regarding active compounds, pharmacokinetic issues and regulatory restrictions. Overcoming these problems may involve multidisciplinary approaches; innovative formulation techniques; cooperation among different stakeholders while conducting clinical trials on patients or preclinical tests involving animals in order to prove its efficacy against disease using globally acceptable standards. Encouragingly, both preclinical and clinical investigations show promising results although standardization should be done along with large-scale trials to affirm safety and effectiveness as a therapy approach for P. kurrooa. Progressing in this direction would certainly go a long way in exploiting the full benefits of P. kurrooa as a drug since this will also propel novel treatment options for other diseases.
Picrorhiza kurrooa 是一种生长在喜马拉雅山脉的多年生草本植物，多年来一直被阿育吠陀传统用作药物，其广泛的治疗用途在 Charaka Samhita、Sushurata Samhita、Ashtanga 等著名古籍中均有提及。这篇简短的综述论文着重介绍了属于车前草科的 P. kurrooa 的化学和植物学特征，重点是其生物活性成分，如鸢尾甙和葫芦素。药理研究发现 P. kurrooa（又名 "kutki"）具有保肝、抗炎和抗氧化活性。在喜马拉雅地区，kutki 因其在阿姆奇人传统医药系统中的应用而闻名。目前正在对 P. kurrooa 的分子作用机制进行研究，本文将探讨其作用模式及其治疗的疾病，尤其是肝功能障碍、呼吸系统疾病、皮肤问题等。阻碍 PIC 研究发展的主要障碍包括缺乏有关活性化合物的知识、药代动力学问题和监管限制。要克服这些问题，可能需要采用多学科方法、创新配方技术、不同利益相关者之间的合作，同时对患者进行临床试验或对动物进行临床前试验，以便采用全球公认的标准证明其对疾病的疗效。令人鼓舞的是，临床前和临床研究都显示出了令人鼓舞的结果，不过还需要进行标准化工作和大规模试验，以确认作为库洛阿孢子虫治疗方法的安全性和有效性。在这个方向上取得进展肯定会大大有助于充分发挥库洛阿尾孢霉作为药物的优势，因为这也将推动其他疾病的新型治疗方案。
{"title":"Picrorhiza kurrooa: A Promising Himalayan Medicinal Plant with Therapeutic Research and Conservation Challenges","authors":"Ekta Rana, Y. Y. Sumthane, Indesh Attri, Bandana Dhiman","doi":"10.56557/joban/2024/v16i28789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2024/v16i28789","url":null,"abstract":"Picrorhiza kurrooa is an herbaceous perennial plant that grows in the Himalayas, and for many years it has been used as a medicine in Ayurvedic tradition for its wide range of therapeutic applications which has been mentioned in renowned old texts like Charaka Samhita, Sushurata Samhita, Ashtanga etc. This short review paper highlights the chemical and botanical features of P. kurrooa which belongs to family Plantaginaceae with emphasis on its bioactive components such as iridoid glycosides and cucurbitacins. Pharmacological studies have found hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in P. kurrooa aka ‘kutki’ locally. In Himalayan region kutki is known for its use in traditional systems of medicine by amchies. Molecular mechanisms of action of P. kurrooa are under study currently and this paper looks at the mode of actions as well as diseases treated by it especially liver dysfunctions, respiratory conditions, skin problems among others. Among the main obstacles that impede development in PIC research are lack of knowledge regarding active compounds, pharmacokinetic issues and regulatory restrictions. Overcoming these problems may involve multidisciplinary approaches; innovative formulation techniques; cooperation among different stakeholders while conducting clinical trials on patients or preclinical tests involving animals in order to prove its efficacy against disease using globally acceptable standards. Encouragingly, both preclinical and clinical investigations show promising results although standardization should be done along with large-scale trials to affirm safety and effectiveness as a therapy approach for P. kurrooa. Progressing in this direction would certainly go a long way in exploiting the full benefits of P. kurrooa as a drug since this will also propel novel treatment options for other diseases.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.56557/joban/2024/v16i28759
Bouadou oi Bouadou Felix, Tano Adjoua Germaine, Tra Bi Diangone Fabrice, Ettien Djetchi Jean Baptiste
The increase in maize harvests among farmers in the Toumodi locality (6°25'4.8˝N and 5°4'19.2˝w), in Côte d'Ivoire, required a study during the June cropping season in 2023. 4 increasing doses of compost: T0 (0 t/ha), T1 (10 t/ha), T2 (15 t/ha) and T3 (20 t/ha), were applied to the soil (0 - 20 cm) in a Fischer-type set-up with 4 replications. The mean values of the yield components of the various treatments were compared with each other and with those of the blank control using analyses of variance for a critical threshold, α = 0.05. Flowering was observed in male and female plants after 50 days following sowing in all the amended plots, whereas it appeared 10 to 15 days later in the plots without application. The highest grain yields were noted in the plots receiving the 15 t/ha dose, with average harvests of around 5 t/ha compared with 1.9 t/ha for the treatment without application. In addition, the 15 t/ha dose produced more seeds than the other treatments. In addition to its availability, the compost tested is rich in nutrients. An application of at least 10 t/ha is enough to increase yields, which are estimated to be almost twice as high as those in soils without compost. To this end, spreading this material on farmers' fields is highly desirable. However, the use of compost requires pre-treatment of the raw organic material, which could be a constraint on its use.
{"title":"Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Poultry Dung Compost on Sandy Soil in Toumodi, Central Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Bouadou oi Bouadou Felix, Tano Adjoua Germaine, Tra Bi Diangone Fabrice, Ettien Djetchi Jean Baptiste","doi":"10.56557/joban/2024/v16i28759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2024/v16i28759","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in maize harvests among farmers in the Toumodi locality (6°25'4.8˝N and 5°4'19.2˝w), in Côte d'Ivoire, required a study during the June cropping season in 2023. 4 increasing doses of compost: T0 (0 t/ha), T1 (10 t/ha), T2 (15 t/ha) and T3 (20 t/ha), were applied to the soil (0 - 20 cm) in a Fischer-type set-up with 4 replications. The mean values of the yield components of the various treatments were compared with each other and with those of the blank control using analyses of variance for a critical threshold, α = 0.05. Flowering was observed in male and female plants after 50 days following sowing in all the amended plots, whereas it appeared 10 to 15 days later in the plots without application. The highest grain yields were noted in the plots receiving the 15 t/ha dose, with average harvests of around 5 t/ha compared with 1.9 t/ha for the treatment without application. In addition, the 15 t/ha dose produced more seeds than the other treatments. In addition to its availability, the compost tested is rich in nutrients. An application of at least 10 t/ha is enough to increase yields, which are estimated to be almost twice as high as those in soils without compost. To this end, spreading this material on farmers' fields is highly desirable. However, the use of compost requires pre-treatment of the raw organic material, which could be a constraint on its use.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants grown in hydroponics exhibit superior characters and yield compared to those grown in soil. However, root exudates accumulated particularly in renewed nutrient solution (RNS) hinders development of crops in hydroponics. These exudates are secondary metabolites released by the roots as a result of physiological processes, exhibiting autotoxic effects in plants. They are allelochemicals encompassing various chemical groups such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, benzoxazinoids or other organic acids. The quantity and type of allelochemical released by plants varies depending on multiple factors such as temperature, light, nutrient deficiency, stress, physiological status of plant, pH and environment. The combined effect of more than one allelochemical is often additive or synergistic thus elevating the impact caused by individual allelochemical. These phytotoxic exudates are known to have inhibited the growth and development of plants by diverse pathways unique to their characteristic. There are several methods developed for degradation of exudates including AC (Activated Charcoal), O3/H2O2 treatment or other. This review discusses the bioassay of secondary metabolites causing autotoxicity, mechanism, impact in horticultural and ornamental crops, factors affecting their release and methods for elimination in hydroponics.
{"title":"Bioassay of Root Exudates, their Impact in Susceptible Species and their Degradation in Hydroponics: A Review","authors":"Harpreet Kaur, .. Prince, .. Dilshad, .. Shubham, Shilpa Kaushal","doi":"10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18674","url":null,"abstract":"Plants grown in hydroponics exhibit superior characters and yield compared to those grown in soil. However, root exudates accumulated particularly in renewed nutrient solution (RNS) hinders development of crops in hydroponics. These exudates are secondary metabolites released by the roots as a result of physiological processes, exhibiting autotoxic effects in plants. They are allelochemicals encompassing various chemical groups such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, benzoxazinoids or other organic acids. The quantity and type of allelochemical released by plants varies depending on multiple factors such as temperature, light, nutrient deficiency, stress, physiological status of plant, pH and environment. The combined effect of more than one allelochemical is often additive or synergistic thus elevating the impact caused by individual allelochemical. These phytotoxic exudates are known to have inhibited the growth and development of plants by diverse pathways unique to their characteristic. There are several methods developed for degradation of exudates including AC (Activated Charcoal), O3/H2O2 treatment or other. This review discusses the bioassay of secondary metabolites causing autotoxicity, mechanism, impact in horticultural and ornamental crops, factors affecting their release and methods for elimination in hydroponics.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18656
Ashish Awasthi, Neeraj Singh, Veerendra Kumar
An experiment was conducted on 45-day-old broiler chicks reared up to five weeks of age to investigate the Effect of Pudina leaves paste on the Growth and Performance of Broilers. 45-day-old Broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups with four sub-groups of 4 chicks. The control (first) group received a standard broilers diet. Chicks in, the second, third, fourth and fifth groups received standard broilers supplemented with Pudina leaves paste 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 g, respectively. Results revealed that there was a significant effect of different levels of Pudina leaves paste on body weight, feed intake and gain in weight of broilers. The feed efficiency of broilers was also improved on feed supplemented with Pudina leaves paste.
{"title":"Effect of Fresh Pudina (Mentha arvensis) Leaves Paste with Water on the Performance of Broilers","authors":"Ashish Awasthi, Neeraj Singh, Veerendra Kumar","doi":"10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18656","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted on 45-day-old broiler chicks reared up to five weeks of age to investigate the Effect of Pudina leaves paste on the Growth and Performance of Broilers. 45-day-old Broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups with four sub-groups of 4 chicks. The control (first) group received a standard broilers diet. Chicks in, the second, third, fourth and fifth groups received standard broilers supplemented with Pudina leaves paste 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 g, respectively. Results revealed that there was a significant effect of different levels of Pudina leaves paste on body weight, feed intake and gain in weight of broilers. The feed efficiency of broilers was also improved on feed supplemented with Pudina leaves paste.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140681869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18632
Bheshnandini Lisa Tirbani, Leanna Kalicharan
This research conducted in 2019 at the University of Guyana investigated the content of methylmercury in local food fish Macrodon ancylodon locally known as Bangamary. A total of 24 samples of M. ancylodon was purchased from the Meadow Bank Wharf in Guyana for analysis of total mercury level. Additionally, the size frequency at which mercury concentration is the highest was also evaluated. The results indicated that total mercury concentration in each sample of M. ancylodon was less than 0.5 mg/kg. With an average total mercury content of 0.10 mg/kg, adults had the greatest total mercury content, followed by juveniles (0.06 mg/kg) and young (0.02 mg/kg). This may be attributed to the carnivorous diet of M. ancylodon and the fact that the fish species is usually captured in the estuarine regions of the Demerara and Essequibo Rivers. These waterways are linked to mining areas in Guyana's interior region that discharge mercury contaminated water, which could be the reason why mercury is bioaccumulating in the tissue of the Bangamary.
圭亚那大学于2019年开展的这项研究调查了当地食用鱼Macrodon ancylodon（当地称为Bangamary）中的甲基汞含量。研究人员从圭亚那 Meadow Bank 码头共购买了 24 份 M. ancylodon 样品，用于分析总汞含量。此外，还评估了汞浓度最高的大小频率。结果表明，每个安吉龙样本中的总汞浓度都低于 0.5 毫克/千克。平均总汞含量为 0.10 毫克/千克，其中成鱼的总汞含量最高，其次是幼鱼（0.06 毫克/千克）和幼鱼（0.02 毫克/千克）。这可能是由于 M. ancylodon 以肉食为主，而且该鱼种通常在德梅拉拉河（Demerara）和埃塞奎博河（Essequibo）的河口地区捕获。这些水道与圭亚那内陆地区的矿区相连，而这些矿区排放的是受汞污染的水，这可能是汞在 Bangamary 鱼的组织中进行生物累积的原因。
{"title":"Measuring Total Mercury Level in Local Food Fish Bangamary (Macrodon ancylodon) in Guyana","authors":"Bheshnandini Lisa Tirbani, Leanna Kalicharan","doi":"10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18632","url":null,"abstract":"This research conducted in 2019 at the University of Guyana investigated the content of methylmercury in local food fish Macrodon ancylodon locally known as Bangamary. A total of 24 samples of M. ancylodon was purchased from the Meadow Bank Wharf in Guyana for analysis of total mercury level. Additionally, the size frequency at which mercury concentration is the highest was also evaluated. The results indicated that total mercury concentration in each sample of M. ancylodon was less than 0.5 mg/kg. With an average total mercury content of 0.10 mg/kg, adults had the greatest total mercury content, followed by juveniles (0.06 mg/kg) and young (0.02 mg/kg). This may be attributed to the carnivorous diet of M. ancylodon and the fact that the fish species is usually captured in the estuarine regions of the Demerara and Essequibo Rivers. These waterways are linked to mining areas in Guyana's interior region that discharge mercury contaminated water, which could be the reason why mercury is bioaccumulating in the tissue of the Bangamary.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In India and similar subtropical regions, dairy livestock primarily consume various by-products derived from locally cultivated crops, fodder, and oilseeds. Approximately 65-70 per cent of the total milk production cost is attributed to feed expenses. Ensuring a balanced diet is pivotal for the success of dairy development initiatives across India. The optimal productivity of dairy animals is achieved when they are provided with a nutritionally balanced diet that matches their genetic potential. To enhance the productivity of livestock owned by small-scale farmers, a balanced ration program was introduced. Under this program, animals are categorized based on their milk production levels: low (<8 kg/day), medium (8–12 kg/day), and high (>12 kg/day) yielders. The program assessed milk yield, milk fat content, and the net daily income of milk producers before and after implementing a balanced diet regimen. The nutritional assessment revealed that 71 per cent of the animals consumed excessive amounts of crude protein and metabolizable energy, while 65 per cent exhibited lower intake levels of calcium and phosphorus than required. Implementing a balanced ration resulted in an improvement in milk production ranging from 2 to 14 per cent, along with a 0.2 to 0.15 per cent increase in milk fat content.
{"title":"Feeding Balanced Ration for Improving Dairy Cattle Productivity: A Review","authors":"Neeraj Singh, Ramji Gupta, Ashish Awasthi, Veerendra Kumar","doi":"10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18625","url":null,"abstract":"In India and similar subtropical regions, dairy livestock primarily consume various by-products derived from locally cultivated crops, fodder, and oilseeds. Approximately 65-70 per cent of the total milk production cost is attributed to feed expenses. Ensuring a balanced diet is pivotal for the success of dairy development initiatives across India. The optimal productivity of dairy animals is achieved when they are provided with a nutritionally balanced diet that matches their genetic potential. To enhance the productivity of livestock owned by small-scale farmers, a balanced ration program was introduced. Under this program, animals are categorized based on their milk production levels: low (<8 kg/day), medium (8–12 kg/day), and high (>12 kg/day) yielders. The program assessed milk yield, milk fat content, and the net daily income of milk producers before and after implementing a balanced diet regimen. The nutritional assessment revealed that 71 per cent of the animals consumed excessive amounts of crude protein and metabolizable energy, while 65 per cent exhibited lower intake levels of calcium and phosphorus than required. Implementing a balanced ration resulted in an improvement in milk production ranging from 2 to 14 per cent, along with a 0.2 to 0.15 per cent increase in milk fat content.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18549
Sri Hastuti, Tristiana Yuniarti, S. Subandiyono
This study aims to evaluate the reproductive performance of Nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) through artificial spawning methods. Spawning was conducted in glass aquaria using the sGnRH-a hormone on both male and female broodstocks. Egg production, fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), and survival rate (SR) were the main observed parameters. The research results revealed that the average egg production per female broodstock reached 25,350, indicating a high level of fecundity. The fertilization rate reached 97.70%, indicating an effective egg fertilization process. The hatching rate (HR) value of 92.20% indicates success in the egg-hatching process. Larval survival rate (SR) during the 4-day rearing period reached 84.70%. Maintaining optimal water quality also contributed to the success of artificial spawning. In conclusion, artificial spawning in Nilem fish could achieve high levels of success by optimizing reproductive parameters and considering environmental factors. This study provides valuable insights into the sustainable development of Nilem fish cultivation.
{"title":"Enhancing Reproductive Performance of Nilem Fish (Osteochilus hasselti) through Artificial Spawning","authors":"Sri Hastuti, Tristiana Yuniarti, S. Subandiyono","doi":"10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18549","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the reproductive performance of Nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) through artificial spawning methods. Spawning was conducted in glass aquaria using the sGnRH-a hormone on both male and female broodstocks. Egg production, fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), and survival rate (SR) were the main observed parameters. The research results revealed that the average egg production per female broodstock reached 25,350, indicating a high level of fecundity. The fertilization rate reached 97.70%, indicating an effective egg fertilization process. The hatching rate (HR) value of 92.20% indicates success in the egg-hatching process. Larval survival rate (SR) during the 4-day rearing period reached 84.70%. Maintaining optimal water quality also contributed to the success of artificial spawning. In conclusion, artificial spawning in Nilem fish could achieve high levels of success by optimizing reproductive parameters and considering environmental factors. This study provides valuable insights into the sustainable development of Nilem fish cultivation.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18499
Veena M., Dhanalakshmi H., P. E. D’souza
A prevalence study on gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants was undertaken in Hassan and Chikkamagalur districts of Karnataka state to observe the current infection status in the region. The faecal samples were collected from the animals and processed as per the standard procedures. A total of 354, 46, 212 and 138 faecal samples from cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats were screened, of which 92 cattle, 13 buffalo, 79 sheep and 58 goat samples were positive for parasitic infection, respectively. The coprological examination of cattle and buffaloes revealed the highest infection of Amphistome spp. (20.3% & 28.3%) followed by strongyles (2.8% & 2.2%) and Schistosoma spindale (0.6%). Buxtonella sulcata cysts were found in nine cattle samples. Mixed infection of Amphistome spp. and strongyle followed by Amphistome and Fasciola spp.; Amphistome spp. and Schistosoma spindale were also observed. The highest infection of strongyle (25.5% & 24.6%) was followed by Amphistome spp. (2.4% &0.7%) and Fasciola spp. (0.9%) in sheep and goats, mixed infection of strongyle with Amphistome spp. and Fasciola spp.; strongyle and Trichuris spp., Amphistome spp. and Trichuris spp. were observed in the faecal samples. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections cause considerable economic loss by way of reduced weight, decreased milk yield, debilitation and morbidity in livestock, besides causing major health problems in domestic animals. The study helps to understand parasitic infection in ruminants, which could greatly help in understanding the management strategies necessary for the health of domestic ruminants, thereby safeguarding the economic impact.
{"title":"Prevalence Study on Gastrointestinal Helminthic Infections in Ruminants of Hassan and Chikkamagalur Districts of Karnataka State, India","authors":"Veena M., Dhanalakshmi H., P. E. D’souza","doi":"10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2024/v16i18499","url":null,"abstract":"A prevalence study on gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants was undertaken in Hassan and Chikkamagalur districts of Karnataka state to observe the current infection status in the region. The faecal samples were collected from the animals and processed as per the standard procedures. A total of 354, 46, 212 and 138 faecal samples from cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats were screened, of which 92 cattle, 13 buffalo, 79 sheep and 58 goat samples were positive for parasitic infection, respectively. The coprological examination of cattle and buffaloes revealed the highest infection of Amphistome spp. (20.3% & 28.3%) followed by strongyles (2.8% & 2.2%) and Schistosoma spindale (0.6%). Buxtonella sulcata cysts were found in nine cattle samples. Mixed infection of Amphistome spp. and strongyle followed by Amphistome and Fasciola spp.; Amphistome spp. and Schistosoma spindale were also observed. The highest infection of strongyle (25.5% & 24.6%) was followed by Amphistome spp. (2.4% &0.7%) and Fasciola spp. (0.9%) in sheep and goats, mixed infection of strongyle with Amphistome spp. and Fasciola spp.; strongyle and Trichuris spp., Amphistome spp. and Trichuris spp. were observed in the faecal samples. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections cause considerable economic loss by way of reduced weight, decreased milk yield, debilitation and morbidity in livestock, besides causing major health problems in domestic animals. The study helps to understand parasitic infection in ruminants, which could greatly help in understanding the management strategies necessary for the health of domestic ruminants, thereby safeguarding the economic impact.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28390
Katie Chung
Within freshwater ecosystems, the ecological influence of keystone primary consumers cannot be overstated. Daphnia magna emerges as a particularly prominent player among such species, significantly impacting a biotic community's higher trophic interactions and nutrient dynamics. Therefore, the Daphnia magna’s presence within these habitats and its intricate interrelationships with other organisms are of critical importance in maintaining homeostasis and fostering functional, biodiverse environments. Despite the importance of studying such interspecies interactions, the coexistence of Daphnia with its endoparasite Echinuriauncinata remains enigmatic and largely unexplored in scientific literature.
In this study, a series of controlled observation setups were designed to facilitate a comprehensive exploration of the behavioural patterns and interactions between Daphnia and Echinuria. Such observational platforms incorporated concave slide glasses, test tubes, Fresh squared bottles, and digital imaging analysis, enabling precise and detailed descriptions of the organisms' behaviours under varying culturing conditions. Our findings reveal a shared affinity for the benthic habitat, driven by the presence of sinking food particles. Despite the absence of overt competitive interactions for food resources, Daphnia displayed pronounced defensive behaviours, adeptly evading potential attacks from Echinuria. Temperature exerted discernible effects on their initial activities, with transient heightened responsiveness observed at elevated thermal conditions. Our investigations ultimately led to a hypothesis proposing an unintentional infestation scenario, wherein Daphia may unwittingly harbour Echinuria eggs or larvae, likely due to their size resemblance to floating food particles. These empirical insights contribute to understanding predator-prey relationships and inadvertent infestations, augmenting our comprehension of freshwater ecosystem dynamics and preserving these vital aquatic environments.
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 In this study, a series of controlled observation setups were designed to facilitate a comprehensive exploration of the behavioural patterns and interactions between Daphnia and Echinuria. Such observational platforms incorporated concave slide glasses, test tubes, Fresh squared bottles, and digital imaging analysis, enabling precise and detailed descriptions of the organisms' behaviours under varying culturing conditions. Our findings reveal a shared affinity for the benthic habitat, driven by the presence of sinking food particles. Despite the absence of overt competitive interactions for food resources, Daphnia displayed pronounced defensive behaviours, adeptly evading potential attacks from Echinuria. Temperature exerted discernible effects on their initial activities, with transient heightened responsiveness observed at elevated thermal conditions. Our investigations ultimately led to a hypothesis proposing an unintentional infestation scenario, wherein Daphia may unwittingly harbour Echinuria eggs or larvae, likely due to their size resemblance to floating food particles. These empirical insights contribute to understanding predator-prey relationships and inadvertent infestations, augmenting our comprehension of freshwater ecosystem dynamics and preserving these vital aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135064135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28382
None Amuna O. T., None Adebayo T. E., None Ezeugwu P. C., None Adeyemi K. G., None Itunu S. O., None Aondoaver S. A., None Madueke A. C., None Simon V. O., None Tanko D.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic chickens using the abattoir of Mack's farm Osara, Kogi state between January and March 2022. A total of 200 (100 exotic and 100 local breeds with 50 males and 50 females each) faecal samples from the gastro-intestinal tracts of already slaughtered chicken were examined from January to March 2022 using formol-ether concentration technique for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Microscopic method was employed for morphological identification of parasite isolates. The result showed that of the 200 samples examined, 178 (89%) were found to be infected with one or more parasites. A higher infection rate of 90 (90%) was found in the local breed than in exotic breed 88(88%). The helminths species found were, Ascaridia galli 66(33.67%), Heterakis gallinarum 44(22.44%), Capillaria Spp 30(15.30%), Gongylonema ingluvocola 20(10.20%), Strongyloides avium 6(3.06%), Raillietina echinobrothrida 6(3.06%), Tricuris tricura 10(5.10%), Choanotaenia infundibulum 10(5.10%) and Coccidian spp 4(2.04%) while the gastrointestinal protozoan isolated was Coccidian spp 4(2.04%).
Conclusion: An insignificant difference in parasite prevalence (p >0.05) exists between exotic and local chicken, suggesting potential consumer exposure to infection through cross-infection. This study highlights the risk associated with consuming chicken from poorly managed poultry systems and establishes the need for policymaking toward improved poultry production.
{"title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Domestic Chickens (Gallus gallus domestica) Slaughtered in Abattoir of Macks Farm Osara, Kogi State","authors":"None Amuna O. T., None Adebayo T. E., None Ezeugwu P. C., None Adeyemi K. G., None Itunu S. O., None Aondoaver S. A., None Madueke A. C., None Simon V. O., None Tanko D.","doi":"10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2023/v15i28382","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic chickens using the abattoir of Mack's farm Osara, Kogi state between January and March 2022. A total of 200 (100 exotic and 100 local breeds with 50 males and 50 females each) faecal samples from the gastro-intestinal tracts of already slaughtered chicken were examined from January to March 2022 using formol-ether concentration technique for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Microscopic method was employed for morphological identification of parasite isolates. The result showed that of the 200 samples examined, 178 (89%) were found to be infected with one or more parasites. A higher infection rate of 90 (90%) was found in the local breed than in exotic breed 88(88%). The helminths species found were, Ascaridia galli 66(33.67%), Heterakis gallinarum 44(22.44%), Capillaria Spp 30(15.30%), Gongylonema ingluvocola 20(10.20%), Strongyloides avium 6(3.06%), Raillietina echinobrothrida 6(3.06%), Tricuris tricura 10(5.10%), Choanotaenia infundibulum 10(5.10%) and Coccidian spp 4(2.04%) while the gastrointestinal protozoan isolated was Coccidian spp 4(2.04%).
 Conclusion: An insignificant difference in parasite prevalence (p >0.05) exists between exotic and local chicken, suggesting potential consumer exposure to infection through cross-infection. This study highlights the risk associated with consuming chicken from poorly managed poultry systems and establishes the need for policymaking toward improved poultry production.","PeriodicalId":92230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biology and nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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