Pub Date : 2015-08-22DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000E106
Rumyantsev
The microscopic theory of optical phenomena in crystals is closely related to the theory of excitons, which provides an appropriate tool for elucidation of specifics of interaction between electromagnetic fields and crystals and for construction of the physical picture of energy transfer in crystalline media. It is well established that in a crystal, where the translation symmetry allows for excitation of any of its elementary cells (or any of the comprising structural units), the energy transfer of electronic excitations occurs due to the motion of quasi-particles called excitons. The concept of “exciton” was originally introduced into physics by the pioneering works of Frenkel [1]. Among the first to consider excitonic states was also Peierls [2]. These works gave a theoretical explanation for the experimentally observed photoelectrically negative light absorption. Utilizing HeitlerLondon-Heisenberg method in his study of electronic states Frenkel [1] demonstrated that the absence of photoconductivity under the light absorption by an electronic subsystem in an ideal crystal stems from excitations of crystalline structural units moving in waves (due to translation invariance) along a crystal. Such excited states were given the name of “Frenkel excitons”.
{"title":"Several Steps toward Fundamentals of Physics of Light-Matter Coupling","authors":"Rumyantsev","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000E106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000E106","url":null,"abstract":"The microscopic theory of optical phenomena in crystals is closely related to the theory of excitons, which provides an appropriate tool for elucidation of specifics of interaction between electromagnetic fields and crystals and for construction of the physical picture of energy transfer in crystalline media. It is well established that in a crystal, where the translation symmetry allows for excitation of any of its elementary cells (or any of the comprising structural units), the energy transfer of electronic excitations occurs due to the motion of quasi-particles called excitons. The concept of “exciton” was originally introduced into physics by the pioneering works of Frenkel [1]. Among the first to consider excitonic states was also Peierls [2]. These works gave a theoretical explanation for the experimentally observed photoelectrically negative light absorption. Utilizing HeitlerLondon-Heisenberg method in his study of electronic states Frenkel [1] demonstrated that the absence of photoconductivity under the light absorption by an electronic subsystem in an ideal crystal stems from excitations of crystalline structural units moving in waves (due to translation invariance) along a crystal. Such excited states were given the name of “Frenkel excitons”.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76943018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-12DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000122
M. Trivedi, R. M. Tallapragada, A. Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Omprakash Latiyal, S. Jana
Barium oxide (BaO) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) are well known for their applications in electrical, optical and chemical industries. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on the structural and physical properties of BaO and ZnS powder. The study was carried out in two groups, one was set to control, and another group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Control and treated samples of BaO and ZnS were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and surface area analyzer. XRD data showed that lattice parameter and unit cell volume of BaO powder were reduced upto 0.42% and 1.26%, respectively as compared to control. Whereas, density of treated BaO was increased upto 1.27% as compared to control. Besides, the unit cell volume was changed in treated ZnS from -0.55 to 0.24% as compared to control that led to change in density from -0.24 to 0.55% after biofield treatment. However, the crystallite size was substantially increased upto 40.5% and 71.4% in treated BaO and ZnS, respectively as compared to control. FT-IR data exhibited that absorption peaks at wavenumber 862/cm (control) was shifted to 858/cm in treated BaO. Upward shifting of absorption peaks corresponding to Zn-S stretching bond was observed in treated (617/cm) as compared to control (592/cm). Furthermore, surface area result showed that it was reduced by 4.32% and 2.1% in treated BaO and ZnS powder, respectively as compared to control. Hence, these, findings suggest that biofield treatment has altered the structural and physical properties of BaO and ZnS powders.
{"title":"Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Characteristics of Barium Oxide and Zinc Sulfide","authors":"M. Trivedi, R. M. Tallapragada, A. Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Omprakash Latiyal, S. Jana","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000122","url":null,"abstract":"Barium oxide (BaO) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) are well known for their applications in electrical, optical and chemical industries. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on the structural and physical properties of BaO and ZnS powder. The study was carried out in two groups, one was set to control, and another group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Control and treated samples of BaO and ZnS were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and surface area analyzer. XRD data showed that lattice parameter and unit cell volume of BaO powder were reduced upto 0.42% and 1.26%, respectively as compared to control. Whereas, density of treated BaO was increased upto 1.27% as compared to control. Besides, the unit cell volume was changed in treated ZnS from -0.55 to 0.24% as compared to control that led to change in density from -0.24 to 0.55% after biofield treatment. However, the crystallite size was substantially increased upto 40.5% and 71.4% in treated BaO and ZnS, respectively as compared to control. FT-IR data exhibited that absorption peaks at wavenumber 862/cm (control) was shifted to 858/cm in treated BaO. Upward shifting of absorption peaks corresponding to Zn-S stretching bond was observed in treated (617/cm) as compared to control (592/cm). Furthermore, surface area result showed that it was reduced by 4.32% and 2.1% in treated BaO and ZnS powder, respectively as compared to control. Hence, these, findings suggest that biofield treatment has altered the structural and physical properties of BaO and ZnS powders.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82057989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000133
S. Budnik
We present here our quantum propagation and entanglement system for virtual reality remote space computers and TVs with photonic displays in laser activated imagery. This concept is based on 1935 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument in Quantum Theory. Einstein maintains “the interpretation, according to which |ψ|² expresses the probability that this particle is found at a given point, assumes an entirely peculiar mechanism of action at a distance, which prevents the wave continuously distributed in space from producing an action in two places on the screen. Einstein continues: “in my opinion, one can remove this objection only in the following way, that one does not describe the process solely by the Schrodinger wave, but that at the same time one localizes the particle during propagation
{"title":"Theory of Augmented Quantum Reality","authors":"S. Budnik","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000133","url":null,"abstract":"We present here our quantum propagation and entanglement system for virtual reality remote space computers and TVs with photonic displays in laser activated imagery. This concept is based on 1935 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument in Quantum Theory. Einstein maintains “the interpretation, according to which |ψ|² expresses the probability that this particle is found at a given point, assumes an entirely peculiar mechanism of action at a distance, which prevents the wave continuously distributed in space from producing an action in two places on the screen. Einstein continues: “in my opinion, one can remove this objection only in the following way, that one does not describe the process solely by the Schrodinger wave, but that at the same time one localizes the particle during propagation","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78078926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-29DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000121
Sindhu Sukumaran, A. Ramalingam, Srinivasan Ag
Problem statement: The third order nonlinear optical properties of organic Polymers are used in high speed telecommunications, optical limiters and optical; computes. The purpose of study was to determine the spectral and third order nonlinear characteristics of the organic dye, Victoria blue in liquid and in solid medium. Approach: The samples were prepared by dissolving the dye in n-butyl acetate (liquid medium) and a thin film of thickness 1mm was prepared by bulk polymerization method. The spectral characteristics of victoria blue dye doped poly (methyl methacrylate) modified with additive n-butyl acetate (nBA) are studied by recording its absorption and fluorescence spectra and the results are compared with the corresponding liquid mixture. The nonlinear refractive index of the dye in nBA and dye doped polymer film were measured using z-scan technique [1], by exciting with He- Ne laser. The results obtained are intercompared. Results: Both the samples of dye Victoria blue in liquid and solid medium show a negative nonlinear refractive index. A negative nonlinear dye doped films can be used as optical limiters. The origin of optical nonlinearity in the dye may be attributed due to laser-heating induced nonlinear effect. PACS Code: 42.55.Mv, 42.65.-k, 82.35.Ej, 42.70.Jk
{"title":"Measurement of nonlinearity and spectral study of a laser dye","authors":"Sindhu Sukumaran, A. Ramalingam, Srinivasan Ag","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000121","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: The third order nonlinear optical properties of organic Polymers are used in high speed telecommunications, optical limiters and optical; computes. The purpose of study was to determine the spectral and third order nonlinear characteristics of the organic dye, Victoria blue in liquid and in solid medium. \u0000Approach: The samples were prepared by dissolving the dye in n-butyl acetate (liquid medium) and a thin film of thickness 1mm was prepared by bulk polymerization method. The spectral characteristics of victoria blue dye doped poly (methyl methacrylate) modified with additive n-butyl acetate (nBA) are studied by recording its absorption and fluorescence spectra and the results are compared with the corresponding liquid mixture. The nonlinear refractive index of the dye in nBA and dye doped polymer film were measured using z-scan technique [1], by exciting with He- Ne laser. The results obtained are intercompared. \u0000Results: Both the samples of dye Victoria blue in liquid and solid medium show a negative nonlinear refractive index. A negative nonlinear dye doped films can be used as optical limiters. The origin of optical nonlinearity in the dye may be attributed due to laser-heating induced nonlinear effect. \u0000PACS Code: 42.55.Mv, 42.65.-k, 82.35.Ej, 42.70.Jk","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84366494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-12DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000E105
S. Kr
Lasers are used in nanostructuring operations that are depositional, epitaxial and lithographical in nature, in surgery, confocal scanners in microarray analysis and next-generation sequencing, and number of research applications. Atoms can be trapped using lasers and affect lower temperatures. Laser cooling may lead to agglomeration of atoms. Chu and Philips obtained the Nobel Prize in 1997. Nanoprisms can be generated using laser ablation techniques. The market for nanotechnology products is expected to exceed 1 trillion later this year. The break-down by industry type are about $340 billion from nanomaterials, $300 billion from electronics, $180 billion from pharmaceuticals, $100 billion each form chemicals and sustainability and $70 billion from transportation. Genominomics cost has decreased dramatically over the past 10 years. This may lead to a wider use of genome sequencers. Confocal scanners are used during microarray analysis. Cost of lasers may also be driven down by increased demand. Materials that went into the first semiconductor lasers can be used to make miniature lasers that are lower in cost, smaller in size. Alferov and Kromer were given the Nobel Prize in 2000 for their development of semiconductor physics. Both light source and energy supply are placed in mirrors in one mm sized crystals.
{"title":"Lasers are used in Nanostructuring, Microarray Analysis and Surgery","authors":"S. Kr","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000E105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000E105","url":null,"abstract":"Lasers are used in nanostructuring operations that are depositional, epitaxial and lithographical in nature, in surgery, confocal scanners in microarray analysis and next-generation sequencing, and number of research applications. Atoms can be trapped using lasers and affect lower temperatures. Laser cooling may lead to agglomeration of atoms. Chu and Philips obtained the Nobel Prize in 1997. Nanoprisms can be generated using laser ablation techniques. The market for nanotechnology products is expected to exceed 1 trillion later this year. The break-down by industry type are about $340 billion from nanomaterials, $300 billion from electronics, $180 billion from pharmaceuticals, $100 billion each form chemicals and sustainability and $70 billion from transportation. Genominomics cost has decreased dramatically over the past 10 years. This may lead to a wider use of genome sequencers. Confocal scanners are used during microarray analysis. Cost of lasers may also be driven down by increased demand. Materials that went into the first semiconductor lasers can be used to make miniature lasers that are lower in cost, smaller in size. Alferov and Kromer were given the Nobel Prize in 2000 for their development of semiconductor physics. Both light source and energy supply are placed in mirrors in one mm sized crystals.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74889423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000120
S. LakshmiReddy, U. Reddy, T. RavindraReddy, A. Thomas, R. RamaSubbaReddy, R. Frost, T. Endo
Yellow ochre mineral obtained from Vempalli mandal, Cuddapah district, Andhra Pradesh of India is investigated in the present work. Its chemical analysis indicate that Fe2O3=4.22 wt% and TiO2=0.64 wt%. Structural characterization is performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD results suggest that goethite (Fe2O3) and quartz are present. Among them goethite is the major constituent. Its unit cell is orthorhombic with a=4.14, b=10.0, c=3.03A. The ligands around the metal ion present in the structure are investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. Internal structure studied using TEM suggests that the mineral consists of needle shaped iron oxide nano particles and quartz formed as tetrahedral and octahedral layers. EPR results indicate that the unit cell of the crystal contains Fe(III), and its g values are found to be 4.19 and 2.13. FTIR properties are due to the presence of silicate and hydroxyl anions as ligands. Nonlinear optical measurements carried out using Z-scan reveal the presence of strong nonlinear optical limiting in the material, indicating potential applications in laser safety devices.
{"title":"XRD, TEM, EPR, IR and Nonlinear Optical Studies of Yellow Ochre","authors":"S. LakshmiReddy, U. Reddy, T. RavindraReddy, A. Thomas, R. RamaSubbaReddy, R. Frost, T. Endo","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000120","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow ochre mineral obtained from Vempalli mandal, Cuddapah district, Andhra Pradesh of India is investigated in the present work. Its chemical analysis indicate that Fe2O3=4.22 wt% and TiO2=0.64 wt%. Structural characterization is performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD results suggest that goethite (Fe2O3) and quartz are present. Among them goethite is the major constituent. Its unit cell is orthorhombic with a=4.14, b=10.0, c=3.03A. The ligands around the metal ion present in the structure are investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. Internal structure studied using TEM suggests that the mineral consists of needle shaped iron oxide nano particles and quartz formed as tetrahedral and octahedral layers. EPR results indicate that the unit cell of the crystal contains Fe(III), and its g values are found to be 4.19 and 2.13. FTIR properties are due to the presence of silicate and hydroxyl anions as ligands. Nonlinear optical measurements carried out using Z-scan reveal the presence of strong nonlinear optical limiting in the material, indicating potential applications in laser safety devices.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88965114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-27DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000119
A. Domínguez, S. Velásquez
Objective: To evaluate the effect of low level laser and Fitostimuline gel® application on pain and healing of orthodontic related traumatic aphthous. Materials and methods: In this double blind and randomized clinical trial, 60 subjects reported traumatic aphthous lesions and the same day they appear immediately they were placed in :G1: (control group) at 13 patients in which only the traumatic factor of the lesion was removed.G2: (Fitostimuline®) 14 patients treated with Fitostimuline® 3 times a day, until the lesion disappeared.G3: (Laser) 14 patients treated with LLLT (Low Level Laser Therapy). G4: (Laser + Fitostimuline®) 15 patients treated with LLLT application and Fitostimuline® 3 times per day, until the lesion healed completely. ANOVA was applied for parametric data, and non-parametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test - Friedman) and Mann-Whitney U test were made. Past statistical software version 2010 for Excel was used. Results: Higher diameter aphthous ulcer measures and pain significantly reduced for the Fitostimuline Gel®and Laser treated groups or both combined if compared with the control group. The medicament effect its slow if compared to laser therapy, nonetheless when used simultaneously the effect does not differ from the one obtained by laser only application. Fitostimuline Gel® application does not increase laser effect on healing. Conclusions: Topical Fitostimuline Gel® and LLLT therapy are highly efficient treatment options for aphthous ulcer and pain generated by orthodontic treatment, when compared to a control group. LLLT therapy, it’s more effective than Fitostimuline Gel® for orthodontic related aphthous ulcer treatment. Combining therapies do not improve nor enhance treatment results.
{"title":"Topical Gel Application and Low Level Laser Therapy on Related Soft Tissue Traumatic Aphthous Ulcers: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"A. Domínguez, S. Velásquez","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000119","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the effect of low level laser and Fitostimuline gel® application on pain and healing of orthodontic related traumatic aphthous. Materials and methods: In this double blind and randomized clinical trial, 60 subjects reported traumatic aphthous lesions and the same day they appear immediately they were placed in :G1: (control group) at 13 patients in which only the traumatic factor of the lesion was removed.G2: (Fitostimuline®) 14 patients treated with Fitostimuline® 3 times a day, until the lesion disappeared.G3: (Laser) 14 patients treated with LLLT (Low Level Laser Therapy). G4: (Laser + Fitostimuline®) 15 patients treated with LLLT application and Fitostimuline® 3 times per day, until the lesion healed completely. ANOVA was applied for parametric data, and non-parametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test - Friedman) and Mann-Whitney U test were made. Past statistical software version 2010 for Excel was used. Results: Higher diameter aphthous ulcer measures and pain significantly reduced for the Fitostimuline Gel®and Laser treated groups or both combined if compared with the control group. The medicament effect its slow if compared to laser therapy, nonetheless when used simultaneously the effect does not differ from the one obtained by laser only application. Fitostimuline Gel® application does not increase laser effect on healing. Conclusions: Topical Fitostimuline Gel® and LLLT therapy are highly efficient treatment options for aphthous ulcer and pain generated by orthodontic treatment, when compared to a control group. LLLT therapy, it’s more effective than Fitostimuline Gel® for orthodontic related aphthous ulcer treatment. Combining therapies do not improve nor enhance treatment results.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83772016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-04DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000116
T. Gao, W. Que, Xiaofang Wang
Disperse red 13 (DR13) azoaromatic chromophores were incorporated into sol-gel derived TiO2/organically modified silane matrix to achieve a hybrid material doped with dye molecules. Nonlinear optical properties of the asprepared hybrid material were investigated by an optical Kerr shutter technique with an 800-nm femtosecond laser. It is obtained that the response time of the bulk sample doped with 0.1% DR13 molecules is less than 208 fs and the third-order nonlinear refractive index is estimated at about 1.141×10-15 cm2/W. It is also found that the sample of material with higher DR13 content could be with higher third-order nonlinear susceptibility. The linear refractive index and the thickness of the hybrid films derived by a spin-coating process were also studied by a prism coupling technique. It is found that with an increasing of the baking temperature, both the refractive index and the thickness of the hybrid films decrease. Absorption spectra, microstructural and morphological properties of the hybrid films were also characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Results indicate that the as-prepared hybrid material is expected to be potential in ultrafast photonic applications.
{"title":"Sol-gel Preparation and Optical Properties of TiO2/Organically Modified Silane Hybrid Material Containing DR13","authors":"T. Gao, W. Que, Xiaofang Wang","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000116","url":null,"abstract":"Disperse red 13 (DR13) azoaromatic chromophores were incorporated into sol-gel derived TiO2/organically modified silane matrix to achieve a hybrid material doped with dye molecules. Nonlinear optical properties of the asprepared hybrid material were investigated by an optical Kerr shutter technique with an 800-nm femtosecond laser. It is obtained that the response time of the bulk sample doped with 0.1% DR13 molecules is less than 208 fs and the third-order nonlinear refractive index is estimated at about 1.141×10-15 cm2/W. It is also found that the sample of material with higher DR13 content could be with higher third-order nonlinear susceptibility. The linear refractive index and the thickness of the hybrid films derived by a spin-coating process were also studied by a prism coupling technique. It is found that with an increasing of the baking temperature, both the refractive index and the thickness of the hybrid films decrease. Absorption spectra, microstructural and morphological properties of the hybrid films were also characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Results indicate that the as-prepared hybrid material is expected to be potential in ultrafast photonic applications.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90895427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-30DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000117
G. Palai, Dalai Pk, Anil Kumar, A. Satpathy, A. Jha, A. Panda, Kushwaha Jk
Investigation of glucose in intralipid using microstructure optical fiber is reported in this paper. The optical fiber is realized by 5 × 5 air holes on square lattice silicon substrate. The principle of measurement of glucose in intralipid is based on the variation of electric field with respect to percentage of glucose. The simulation for electric field distribution is done using plane wave expansion method, where optimization is realized by varying radius of air holes and lattice spacing of crystal structure. With varying both radius and lattice spacing and employing PWE method, simulation result revealed that both peak electric field and output power emerging from microstructure fiber increases with the increase of glucose concentration for certain radii and lattice spacing. Aside this present result divulged that microstructure fiber with lattice spacing of 1 μm and radius of air holes of 300 nm is suitable to investigate glucose in an intralipid. Finally an experimental setup is proposed to measure the glucose concentration.
{"title":"Optimization of Microstructure Optical Fiber using PWE Method for Investigation of Glucose in Intralipid","authors":"G. Palai, Dalai Pk, Anil Kumar, A. Satpathy, A. Jha, A. Panda, Kushwaha Jk","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000117","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of glucose in intralipid using microstructure optical fiber is reported in this paper. The optical fiber is realized by 5 × 5 air holes on square lattice silicon substrate. The principle of measurement of glucose in intralipid is based on the variation of electric field with respect to percentage of glucose. The simulation for electric field distribution is done using plane wave expansion method, where optimization is realized by varying radius of air holes and lattice spacing of crystal structure. With varying both radius and lattice spacing and employing PWE method, simulation result revealed that both peak electric field and output power emerging from microstructure fiber increases with the increase of glucose concentration for certain radii and lattice spacing. Aside this present result divulged that microstructure fiber with lattice spacing of 1 μm and radius of air holes of 300 nm is suitable to investigate glucose in an intralipid. Finally an experimental setup is proposed to measure the glucose concentration.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89764580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-30DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000114
S. K. Tripathy, Achary Jsn, N. Muduli, G. Palai
A rectangular PCF structure in BK7 glass with inner and outer cladding is used to investigate effective mode field area, high nonlinear coefficient, and confinement loss and dispersion property using 2D FDTD technique. The PCF structure is purposed to design with pitches and air hole diameter in a periodic array fashion. The different properties of PCF structure like mode field area, nonlinear coefficient, confinement loss and dispersion are to be analyzed. The variation is investigated with change of different parameters like E 1 1 1 d Λ , 2 1 Λ Λ , and d1/d2 for a wide range of wavelength. The proposed rectangular PCF structure has slightly more nonlinear coefficient (γ=36.98 W-1km-1) than the highly nonlinear silica photonic crystal fiber (γ=35 W-1 km-1) at a wavelength of 1.55 μm with almost same mode field area (Aeff ~ 2.8 μm2). This result seems to be important in super-continuum generation and nonlinear fiber optics.
{"title":"Nonlinear Rectangular Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) for Optical Communication Exclusively Super Continuum Generation","authors":"S. K. Tripathy, Achary Jsn, N. Muduli, G. Palai","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000114","url":null,"abstract":"A rectangular PCF structure in BK7 glass with inner and outer cladding is used to investigate effective mode field area, high nonlinear coefficient, and confinement loss and dispersion property using 2D FDTD technique. The PCF structure is purposed to design with pitches and air hole diameter in a periodic array fashion. The different properties of PCF structure like mode field area, nonlinear coefficient, confinement loss and dispersion are to be analyzed. The variation is investigated with change of different parameters like E\u00851 1 1 d Λ , 2 1 Λ Λ , and d1/d2 for a wide range of wavelength. The proposed rectangular PCF structure has slightly more nonlinear coefficient (γ=36.98 W-1km-1) than the highly nonlinear silica photonic crystal fiber (γ=35 W-1 km-1) at a wavelength of 1.55 μm with almost same mode field area (Aeff ~ 2.8 μm2). This result seems to be important in super-continuum generation and nonlinear fiber optics.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2469-410X.1000114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72457490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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