Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000157
S. Shahi, F. Kouhrangiha
Today use of lasers in Implantology has made significant progress, so that requires far less traditional methods of treatment and it has been increased speed of healing. One of the lasers applications in implantology is in the process of osseointegration which made minimum the prolonged time among of planted surgical implants, prosthesis fabrication and implant. Aim of the present survey is to examine and record the temperature changes caused by low level diode laser (Mark GIGA) around 810nm wavelength during laser interaction with tissue. Besides in a clinical study, the surface temperature changes of soft tissue recorded by IR Thermometer once before and after the diode laser radiation at 10 implants placed on 4 patients (3 women and 1 man) in 15 points (total 48 points) from different parts of tissue. Then, the temperature data analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 software. However, the soft tissues temperature changes under diode laser treatment of osseointegration but don’t damage tissues. Also after inserting implants, the laser irradiation cause more stability and reduce the duration of treatment.
{"title":"Investigation of Thermal Changes in Dental Soft Tissue under 810 nmLow Level Diode Laser Radiation in Osseointegration","authors":"S. Shahi, F. Kouhrangiha","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Today use of lasers in Implantology has made significant progress, so that requires far less traditional methods of treatment and it has been increased speed of healing. One of the lasers applications in implantology is in the process of osseointegration which made minimum the prolonged time among of planted surgical implants, prosthesis fabrication and implant. Aim of the present survey is to examine and record the temperature changes caused by low level diode laser (Mark GIGA) around 810nm wavelength during laser interaction with tissue. Besides in a clinical study, the surface temperature changes of soft tissue recorded by IR Thermometer once before and after the diode laser radiation at 10 implants placed on 4 patients (3 women and 1 man) in 15 points (total 48 points) from different parts of tissue. Then, the temperature data analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 software. However, the soft tissues temperature changes under diode laser treatment of osseointegration but don’t damage tissues. Also after inserting implants, the laser irradiation cause more stability and reduce the duration of treatment.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79909543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000163
U. Das, Sadasivan
Micro embedded ring resonator electro-optic switching in InGaAsP based quantum well structures is briefly reviewed and all optic switching is presented. A 20Gbps electro-optic modulator with >12dB extinction ratio has been proposed using quantum confined stark effect tuning, for which a novel high speed coplanar-microstrip inverted ground plane transition has also been designed. All optical tuning is used to theoretically demonstrate a 20G packets/s switching with a 5dB switching ratio. The fabricated micro embedded ring resonator ring using e-beam lithography and Al lift off mask has been demonstrated and the measured device spectrum is found to match well with the simulated results.
{"title":"Embedded Ring Modulators and Switches","authors":"U. Das, Sadasivan","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000163","url":null,"abstract":"Micro embedded ring resonator electro-optic switching in InGaAsP based quantum well structures is briefly reviewed and all optic switching is presented. A 20Gbps electro-optic modulator with >12dB extinction ratio has been proposed using quantum confined stark effect tuning, for which a novel high speed coplanar-microstrip inverted ground plane transition has also been designed. All optical tuning is used to theoretically demonstrate a 20G packets/s switching with a 5dB switching ratio. The fabricated micro embedded ring resonator ring using e-beam lithography and Al lift off mask has been demonstrated and the measured device spectrum is found to match well with the simulated results.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75753419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-20DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000154
J. Shiri, Abdollah Malakzadeh
The transient and steady-state behavior of the absorption and the dispersion of a probe pulse laser field propagating through an InGaAsInP double coupled quantum well are studied. The effect of terahertz radiation excitation, electron tunnelling and incoherent pumping on the optical properties of the probe field is discussed. In the terahertz (30~300 μm or 1~10 THz) intersubband transition, the incoming photon energy is (4~41 mev) and maybe in the order of electron thermal broadening (KT~6 meV-25 meV for 77 K-300 K). Therefore in the conventional structure, the incoming photon can directly excite the ground state electrons to higher energy levels and this process inhabits the correct optical switching in terahertz applications. We show that the group velocity of a light pulse can be controlled from superluminal to subluminal or vice versa by controlling the rates of incoherent pumping field and tunnelling between the quantum wells. The required switching time is calculated and we find it between 3 to 26 picoseconds.
{"title":"Role of Terahertz Radiation on Optical Properties of Laser Pulse in aDouble Coupled Quantum Well Nanostructure","authors":"J. Shiri, Abdollah Malakzadeh","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000154","url":null,"abstract":"The transient and steady-state behavior of the absorption and the dispersion of a probe pulse laser field propagating through an InGaAsInP double coupled quantum well are studied. The effect of terahertz radiation excitation, electron tunnelling and incoherent pumping on the optical properties of the probe field is discussed. In the terahertz (30~300 μm or 1~10 THz) intersubband transition, the incoming photon energy is (4~41 mev) and maybe in the order of electron thermal broadening (KT~6 meV-25 meV for 77 K-300 K). Therefore in the conventional structure, the incoming photon can directly excite the ground state electrons to higher energy levels and this process inhabits the correct optical switching in terahertz applications. We show that the group velocity of a light pulse can be controlled from superluminal to subluminal or vice versa by controlling the rates of incoherent pumping field and tunnelling between the quantum wells. The required switching time is calculated and we find it between 3 to 26 picoseconds.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83616711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-20DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000155
L. Safaei, Zarndi Mb, M. Hatami
In this paper, we study the higher-order nonlinear Schrdinger (HNLS) equations for a directional fiber optic coupler with the third-order dispersion (TOD), self-steeping (SS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effects and gain in one waveguide and loss in the other. We have reduced the system equations to an uncoupled HNLS equation which has bright and dark soliton solutions. It is shown that the Hamiltonian for this equation has a PT-symmetric form. Furthermore the equilibrium points are found and the discussion about their stability is presented.
{"title":"Pt-Symmetric Nonlinear Directional Fiber Couplers with Gain and Loss forUltrashort Optical Pulses","authors":"L. Safaei, Zarndi Mb, M. Hatami","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the higher-order nonlinear Schrdinger (HNLS) equations for a directional fiber optic coupler with the third-order dispersion (TOD), self-steeping (SS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effects and gain in one waveguide and loss in the other. We have reduced the system equations to an uncoupled HNLS equation which has bright and dark soliton solutions. It is shown that the Hamiltonian for this equation has a PT-symmetric form. Furthermore the equilibrium points are found and the discussion about their stability is presented.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77296747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000150
Askari Mb, M. Shahryari, S. Nanekarany
In this research Ag thin layers on silicon p-type substrate with crystal orientation (100) and 300, 360 and 400 nm thicknesses by thermal evaporation was deposited. Four-point probe and XRD analysis of surface layers consequently for study electrical properties included of sheet resistance, conductivity, resistivity and investigation of Ag phase formed, was done. As result XRD was shown that at 400 nm the best state of silver face-central cubic (FCC) structure with crystal orientation (200) was formed and by Deby-Scherrer formula distance between successive plates was calculated 8.94 nm. Four-point illustrated that sheet resistance and electrical resistivity with increase thickness, decreases while conductance increases. At 400 nm thickness Ag layer has the most conductivity and the lowest resistance.
{"title":"Study and Calculation Electrical Properties of Silver Thin Layers by Four-Point Probe Method","authors":"Askari Mb, M. Shahryari, S. Nanekarany","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000150","url":null,"abstract":"In this research Ag thin layers on silicon p-type substrate with crystal orientation (100) and 300, 360 and 400 nm thicknesses by thermal evaporation was deposited. Four-point probe and XRD analysis of surface layers consequently for study electrical properties included of sheet resistance, conductivity, resistivity and investigation of Ag phase formed, was done. As result XRD was shown that at 400 nm the best state of silver face-central cubic (FCC) structure with crystal orientation (200) was formed and by Deby-Scherrer formula distance between successive plates was calculated 8.94 nm. Four-point illustrated that sheet resistance and electrical resistivity with increase thickness, decreases while conductance increases. At 400 nm thickness Ag layer has the most conductivity and the lowest resistance.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85860064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000151
Y. Tang
Surface plasmonic nanostructures with cross-shaped-hole array in metal thin films are studied for multispectral filters, which cover visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Surface plasmons are induced from incident wave by the periodic arrays of nanostructures of the metal thin film, and then localized surface plasmon polaritons oscillate in the cavity, which is formed by two surfaces of metals through near-field excitation. The transmission spectra of light through these nanostructures are investigated with the finite-difference time-domain method; our simulations show that the features of the hole, and the periods of the array along with other parameters are critical to the optical spectral performance. The optical characterizations of our fabrications of these nanostructures milled by focused ion beam demonstrated very similar results of transmission spectra of simulation results. The simulations demonstrate he optical performance of the metal nanostructures, it is possible to obtain desired multispectral filters by programming parameters of those plasmonic nanostructures.
{"title":"Application of Periodical Nanostructures in Thin Metal Film for NearInfrared Multispectral Filters","authors":"Y. Tang","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000151","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmonic nanostructures with cross-shaped-hole array in metal thin films are studied for multispectral filters, which cover visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Surface plasmons are induced from incident wave by the periodic arrays of nanostructures of the metal thin film, and then localized surface plasmon polaritons oscillate in the cavity, which is formed by two surfaces of metals through near-field excitation. The transmission spectra of light through these nanostructures are investigated with the finite-difference time-domain method; our simulations show that the features of the hole, and the periods of the array along with other parameters are critical to the optical spectral performance. The optical characterizations of our fabrications of these nanostructures milled by focused ion beam demonstrated very similar results of transmission spectra of simulation results. The simulations demonstrate he optical performance of the metal nanostructures, it is possible to obtain desired multispectral filters by programming parameters of those plasmonic nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76412363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000152
K. Dvoyan, Tshantshapanyan Aa, M. Hm, B. Vlahovic
In the framework of adiabatic approximation the electronic states and direct interband absorption of light in the asymmetric double quantum dot molecule (QDM) having a shape of Cassini lemniscate revolution are discussed. Analytical expressions for the wave functions and energy spectrum of the electron in the QDM are derived. Nonmonotonic split and step-like behavior of the energy spectrum is revealed due to the possibility of the electron tunneling between quantum dots (QDs) in the molecule. The corresponding selection rules of quantum transitions for the direct interband absorption of light are obtained. The absorption edge characteristics depending on the QDM geometrical sizes are also revealed.
{"title":"Electronic States and Optical Transitions in an Asymmetric Quantum DotMolecule","authors":"K. Dvoyan, Tshantshapanyan Aa, M. Hm, B. Vlahovic","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000152","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of adiabatic approximation the electronic states and direct interband absorption of light in the asymmetric double quantum dot molecule (QDM) having a shape of Cassini lemniscate revolution are discussed. Analytical expressions for the wave functions and energy spectrum of the electron in the QDM are derived. Nonmonotonic split and step-like behavior of the energy spectrum is revealed due to the possibility of the electron tunneling between quantum dots (QDs) in the molecule. The corresponding selection rules of quantum transitions for the direct interband absorption of light are obtained. The absorption edge characteristics depending on the QDM geometrical sizes are also revealed.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78168405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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