Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000E114
N. Li, K. Han, Sorger, D. Sadana
This editorial is aimed at addressing two key aspects of nanoscale light sources: (1) low-power optical communication and (2) crystallographic defect engineering for monolithic integration with silicon. We will further discuss opportunities and challenges for nanoscale light sources for next generation, high density optical interconnect. Designing and prototyping light sources with sub light wavelength dimensions has been the topic of keen interest because of their versatility in optical communication. For example, nano light sources can operate at hundreds of GHz [1,2] which is not possible with conventional light sources [3]. In addition, power consumption in interconnects with these light sources can be reduced by omitting the modulator and using direct source modulation to encode optical data [4]. There are a number of nano light sources under investigation: (i) small photonic mode laser [5-9], (ii) plasmonic lasers [10,11] (iii) photonic-plasmonic hybrid lasers [12-15] and (iv) nanoscale LEDs [16,17]. Pros and cons of these nano light sources are discussed below.
{"title":"Nanoscale Light Sources for Optical Interconnects","authors":"N. Li, K. Han, Sorger, D. Sadana","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000E114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000E114","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial is aimed at addressing two key aspects of nanoscale light sources: (1) low-power optical communication and (2) crystallographic defect engineering for monolithic integration with silicon. We will further discuss opportunities and challenges for nanoscale light sources for next generation, high density optical interconnect. Designing and prototyping light sources with sub light wavelength dimensions has been the topic of keen interest because of their versatility in optical communication. For example, nano light sources can operate at hundreds of GHz [1,2] which is not possible with conventional light sources [3]. In addition, power consumption in interconnects with these light sources can be reduced by omitting the modulator and using direct source modulation to encode optical data [4]. There are a number of nano light sources under investigation: (i) small photonic mode laser [5-9], (ii) plasmonic lasers [10,11] (iii) photonic-plasmonic hybrid lasers [12-15] and (iv) nanoscale LEDs [16,17]. Pros and cons of these nano light sources are discussed below.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90565793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000167
J. Dadge, D. Thakur
A technique that could be used for sensing organic compounds is presented. In ethanol, Rhodamine-6G (a laser dye) was dissolved to obtain a Rhodamine-ethanol (Rh-Eth) solution with the concentration of Rhodamine-6G being 0.005 M. Methanol (0.25 cm3) was added to the Rh-Eth solution and the Rh-Eth-Me solution so obtained was pumped with a nitrogen laser. A blue shift in the fluorescence spectrum of the Rh-Eth-Me was observed as compared to the Rh-Eth solution without methanol. A similar blue shift was observed in the Rh-Eth solution when acetone and acetonitrile were separately added. When Rhodamine-6G and Coumarin460 were added with Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in ethanol, a blue shift was observed in the fluorescence spectrum as compared to the Rh-6G and Cou460 in ethanol without PMMA. The phenomena of spectral shifts in the fluorescence spectrum can be used to sense organic compounds and a mechanism is discussed.
{"title":"A Technique for Sensing Organic Compounds Using Fluorescence Maximum Shift In Laser Dyes","authors":"J. Dadge, D. Thakur","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000167","url":null,"abstract":"A technique that could be used for sensing organic compounds is presented. In ethanol, Rhodamine-6G (a laser dye) was dissolved to obtain a Rhodamine-ethanol (Rh-Eth) solution with the concentration of Rhodamine-6G being 0.005 M. Methanol (0.25 cm3) was added to the Rh-Eth solution and the Rh-Eth-Me solution so obtained was pumped with a nitrogen laser. A blue shift in the fluorescence spectrum of the Rh-Eth-Me was observed as compared to the Rh-Eth solution without methanol. A similar blue shift was observed in the Rh-Eth solution when acetone and acetonitrile were separately added. When Rhodamine-6G and Coumarin460 were added with Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in ethanol, a blue shift was observed in the fluorescence spectrum as compared to the Rh-6G and Cou460 in ethanol without PMMA. The phenomena of spectral shifts in the fluorescence spectrum can be used to sense organic compounds and a mechanism is discussed.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72570094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000143
Huo G, Chen H, Zhang M
We present a generalized method for calculating phase matching conditions in biaxial crystals, especially in nonlinear monoclinic and triclinic crystals. Exploiting the angle definition introduced by Japanese mathematician Kodaira Kunihiko, we deduce the angular relations in geometry and obtain the expressions of refractive indices depending on angular orientation of wave vector k and optical axis angle. Then we calculate the phase matching parameters with bismuth borate BiB3O6 (BIBO) crystal in spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process for the type I and type II. On its basis, we discuss the angular gradients of the pump and emission wave refractive index near the exact phase matching direction, and compare the SPDC with double frequency process in geometrical relations of the refractive index ellipsoids. It indicates the anisotropic structures of nonlinear crystals making a capability of filtering effect, and the nonzero linear mismatch described by refractive index angular gradients can be used to estimate the beam width in crystal. This method is convenient to calculate the phase matching parameters in orthorhombic crystals without solving the quadratic Fresnel equations.
{"title":"A Generalized Method for Calculating Phase Matching Conditions inBiaxial Crystals","authors":"Huo G, Chen H, Zhang M","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000143","url":null,"abstract":"We present a generalized method for calculating phase matching conditions in biaxial crystals, especially in nonlinear monoclinic and triclinic crystals. Exploiting the angle definition introduced by Japanese mathematician Kodaira Kunihiko, we deduce the angular relations in geometry and obtain the expressions of refractive indices depending on angular orientation of wave vector k and optical axis angle. Then we calculate the phase matching parameters with bismuth borate BiB3O6 (BIBO) crystal in spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process for the type I and type II. On its basis, we discuss the angular gradients of the pump and emission wave refractive index near the exact phase matching direction, and compare the SPDC with double frequency process in geometrical relations of the refractive index ellipsoids. It indicates the anisotropic structures of nonlinear crystals making a capability of filtering effect, and the nonzero linear mismatch described by refractive index angular gradients can be used to estimate the beam width in crystal. This method is convenient to calculate the phase matching parameters in orthorhombic crystals without solving the quadratic Fresnel equations.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85395547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000145
N. Cao, Y. Xie, X. Wang, Song Xy, C. Zhu
This paper introduces the structure and working principle of Mie-Rayleigh-Raman lidar, observes and compares the Nanjing aerosol of Mie channel with that of the Raman channel respectively. It shows that there is some uncertainty about lidar boundary parameters, however, Raman scattering lidar could overcome such problems effectively that we often use multi-channel Mie-Rayleigh-Raman lidar. The observation results obtained by groundbased Mie-Rayleigh-Raman lidar are consistent with that from space-based lidar, and the former is more accurate than the latter. Integrated observation of the two will be the main direction of the development of aerosol observation in the future.
{"title":"Integrated Observation of Multi-Channel Ground-Based Lidar and Space-Based Lidar in Nanjing","authors":"N. Cao, Y. Xie, X. Wang, Song Xy, C. Zhu","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000145","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the structure and working principle of Mie-Rayleigh-Raman lidar, observes and compares the Nanjing aerosol of Mie channel with that of the Raman channel respectively. It shows that there is some uncertainty about lidar boundary parameters, however, Raman scattering lidar could overcome such problems effectively that we often use multi-channel Mie-Rayleigh-Raman lidar. The observation results obtained by groundbased Mie-Rayleigh-Raman lidar are consistent with that from space-based lidar, and the former is more accurate than the latter. Integrated observation of the two will be the main direction of the development of aerosol observation in the future.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73293932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-23DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000141
L. Safaei, M. Hatami, Mahmood Borhani Zarndi
In this paper, we present analytical soliton solutions in a nonlinear PT-symmetric coupler with gain in one fiber and loss in the other one in the normal dispersion regime. As usual, we derive a temporal dark soliton solution for the coupler in the normal dispersion regime. We study the stability of the soliton solution by imposing a perturbation in the system by using the eigenvalue method. The results show that there exist two forms of perturbed soliton solutions, bright and dark. The numerical calculations show that the perturbed solutions in the bright form are stable and the dark form are unstable. Previous works in bright solitons show that there exists only one perturbed bright soliton solution which is stable only in particular regions.
{"title":"Stability of Temporal Dark Soliton in PT-Symmetric Nonlinear FiberCouplers in Normal Dispersion Regime","authors":"L. Safaei, M. Hatami, Mahmood Borhani Zarndi","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000141","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present analytical soliton solutions in a nonlinear PT-symmetric coupler with gain in one fiber and loss in the other one in the normal dispersion regime. As usual, we derive a temporal dark soliton solution for the coupler in the normal dispersion regime. We study the stability of the soliton solution by imposing a perturbation in the system by using the eigenvalue method. The results show that there exist two forms of perturbed soliton solutions, bright and dark. The numerical calculations show that the perturbed solutions in the bright form are stable and the dark form are unstable. Previous works in bright solitons show that there exists only one perturbed bright soliton solution which is stable only in particular regions.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87740938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-22DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000139
Vinod Chacko, S. Bansal
In this paper, the design and development of dual wavelength noninvasive fiber optic probe based oxyhemoglobin sensor has been presented. This instrument can be used for real time monitoring contents in the blood. It is well known that in blood, the oxygen is carried by the hemoglobin. It uses the dual wavelength spectroscopy which can be performed on blood to determine the oxyhemoglobin saturation. The two sources used are of wavelength 632.8 nm and 830 nm. Two probes containing a bundle of fibers are designed out of which two are source fiber and one is detector fiber. Two finger holders are also designed to prevent any variation in intensity due to finger movement. The backscattered intensity and transmitted intensity of red light and near infrared light are measured. With the help of the ratio of the backscattered intensities and transmitted intensities of red light and near infrared light, oxyhemoglobin saturation is determined.
{"title":"Application of a Fiber Optic Probe for Blood Oxygenation MeasurementUsing Near Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Vinod Chacko, S. Bansal","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000139","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the design and development of dual wavelength noninvasive fiber optic probe based oxyhemoglobin sensor has been presented. This instrument can be used for real time monitoring contents in the blood. It is well known that in blood, the oxygen is carried by the hemoglobin. It uses the dual wavelength spectroscopy which can be performed on blood to determine the oxyhemoglobin saturation. The two sources used are of wavelength 632.8 nm and 830 nm. Two probes containing a bundle of fibers are designed out of which two are source fiber and one is detector fiber. Two finger holders are also designed to prevent any variation in intensity due to finger movement. The backscattered intensity and transmitted intensity of red light and near infrared light are measured. With the help of the ratio of the backscattered intensities and transmitted intensities of red light and near infrared light, oxyhemoglobin saturation is determined.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76622189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-14DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000138
M. Sinha, M. Modi
In x-ray multilayer, the thickness of top layer plays an important role in determining its reflectivity performance. In experimentally grown multilayer, the top layer parameters are found significantly different from those of underneath layers due to growth related issues and contamination effect. The calculations suggest that for top layer characterization the sensitivity of reflectivity technique depends on layer material. Considering the top layer of silicon the first Bragg peak reflectivity of Mo/Si multilayer changes by 2-3% while change in top layer thickness by a factor of two and more, In case of SiO2 as a top layer material the 1st Bragg peak reflectivity changes by 13%. The analysis of total electron yield (TEY) data reveals that the technique can be used to probe 2-4 A variation in top layer thickness. The both technique-reflectivity and TEY, together gives an complete information of multilayer structural parameters.
{"title":"Characterization of Surface Layer in Mo/Si Multilayer Using TotalElectron Yield and X-ray Reflectivity Techniques","authors":"M. Sinha, M. Modi","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000138","url":null,"abstract":"In x-ray multilayer, the thickness of top layer plays an important role in determining its reflectivity performance. In experimentally grown multilayer, the top layer parameters are found significantly different from those of underneath layers due to growth related issues and contamination effect. The calculations suggest that for top layer characterization the sensitivity of reflectivity technique depends on layer material. Considering the top layer of silicon the first Bragg peak reflectivity of Mo/Si multilayer changes by 2-3% while change in top layer thickness by a factor of two and more, In case of SiO2 as a top layer material the 1st Bragg peak reflectivity changes by 13%. The analysis of total electron yield (TEY) data reveals that the technique can be used to probe 2-4 A variation in top layer thickness. The both technique-reflectivity and TEY, together gives an complete information of multilayer structural parameters.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86087293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-11DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000E111
Yufei Ma
Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is a novel technique for trace gas sensing which was invented by Prof. Tittel’s group in 2002 [1]. QEPAS uses a quartz tuning fork (QTF) as acoustic wave transducer. It process merits of high selectivity, high sensitivity and immune to environmental noise [2]. Therefore it was widely used in many fields and different sensor architecture was developed.
{"title":"The New Development of QEPAS Trace Gas Sensor","authors":"Yufei Ma","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000E111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000E111","url":null,"abstract":"Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is a novel technique for trace gas sensing which was invented by Prof. Tittel’s group in 2002 [1]. QEPAS uses a quartz tuning fork (QTF) as acoustic wave transducer. It process merits of high selectivity, high sensitivity and immune to environmental noise [2]. Therefore it was widely used in many fields and different sensor architecture was developed.","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85216003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-28DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.1000135
K. Sharma
{"title":"Commercial Production of Multi-Layer Graphene Nanomaterials","authors":"K. Sharma","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.1000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.1000135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80230385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-03DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X.C1.006
Arata Yasuda
L interaction with materials is an ongoing and developing field of Photonics and applied physics. Polymeric materials have very important applications in biology and medical science. For this purpose, the surface of the material in contact with the blood and the biological cells have to be blood and bio compatible. The surface modification of the polymeric materials, then, is intersted for the biological applications. Among the various methods for the surface modification, laser interaction has very advantages respect to the others. With proper selection of the laser parameters, the optimum improvement is obtained. Here laser surface modification of polymeric material relying on polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and film is discussed. The effects of the most important laser parameters including the laser wavelength, the fluence, the number of pulses, the pulse repetition rate and the pulse duration is investigated and the optimized condition is found. Beside the surface modification for the biological applcations, the other results of the interaction like the effects of the presence of pedestal pulse in ultrashort pulses, the possibility for the investigation of the bulk of the membrane with laser treatment and the modification of the surface for the other applications are talked. (PES is the most important applied polymeric material for the hemodialysis filters.)
{"title":"Mid-infrared active scanning imaging with PbSnTe wavelength-tunable laser diodes grown via liquid-phase epitaxy","authors":"Arata Yasuda","doi":"10.4172/2469-410X.C1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-410X.C1.006","url":null,"abstract":"L interaction with materials is an ongoing and developing field of Photonics and applied physics. Polymeric materials have very important applications in biology and medical science. For this purpose, the surface of the material in contact with the blood and the biological cells have to be blood and bio compatible. The surface modification of the polymeric materials, then, is intersted for the biological applications. Among the various methods for the surface modification, laser interaction has very advantages respect to the others. With proper selection of the laser parameters, the optimum improvement is obtained. Here laser surface modification of polymeric material relying on polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and film is discussed. The effects of the most important laser parameters including the laser wavelength, the fluence, the number of pulses, the pulse repetition rate and the pulse duration is investigated and the optimized condition is found. Beside the surface modification for the biological applcations, the other results of the interaction like the effects of the presence of pedestal pulse in ultrashort pulses, the possibility for the investigation of the bulk of the membrane with laser treatment and the modification of the surface for the other applications are talked. (PES is the most important applied polymeric material for the hemodialysis filters.)","PeriodicalId":92245,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lasers, optics & photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72550436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：