Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7006
Cecilia Gabriela Giulianotti, N. Bejarano
Fungal endophytes are a diverse group of microorganisms that colonize plant tissues without causing symptoms or signs. Foliar endophytic fungi were isolated from a tree species distributed in an environmental gradient. Three study sites were selected: urban, peri-urban and rural. Twenty-three taxa were identified using culture-based techniques. The taxa with the highest colonization frequency were: Alternaría, Diaporthe - Phomopsis, Phymatotrichum, Cladosporium and Xylaria. Foliar endophytic fungal diversity was higher in the rural site followed by the peri-urban and urban site.
{"title":"Endophytic Fungal Diversity of Cedrela angustifolia in an Environmental Gradient of Jujuy, Argentina","authors":"Cecilia Gabriela Giulianotti, N. Bejarano","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7006","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal endophytes are a diverse group of microorganisms that colonize plant tissues without causing symptoms or signs. Foliar endophytic fungi were isolated from a tree species distributed in an environmental gradient. Three study sites were selected: urban, peri-urban and rural. Twenty-three taxa were identified using culture-based techniques. The taxa with the highest colonization frequency were: Alternaría, Diaporthe - Phomopsis, Phymatotrichum, Cladosporium and Xylaria. Foliar endophytic fungal diversity was higher in the rural site followed by the peri-urban and urban site.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48728241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7151
Iyad Alzaeem
Introduction: Salmonella has gained more interest because it cause food borne illnesses. Traditional soft cheese made from unpasteurized milk may contain salmonella. Methods: A descriptive study was performed, one hundred and four samples of fresh white cheese collected from street venders and the local markets to investigate the incidence of salmonella in fresh white cheese in Gaza. Results: Salmonella was found in four samples of "Traditional cheese". Differences between percentages of samples were not statistically significant. Conclusion: traditional cheese highly contaminated and usually exceeded the Palestinian Standard. The detection of Salmonella spp. suggests that traditional soft cheese commercialized in Gaza may represent a health risk for the consumers.
{"title":"Incidence of in Traditional White Cheese in Gaza markets, Palestine","authors":"Iyad Alzaeem","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7151","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Salmonella has gained more interest because it cause food borne illnesses. Traditional soft cheese made from unpasteurized milk may contain salmonella.\u0000Methods: A descriptive study was performed, one hundred and four samples of fresh white cheese collected from street venders and the local markets to investigate the incidence of salmonella in fresh white cheese in Gaza.\u0000Results: Salmonella was found in four samples of \"Traditional cheese\". Differences between percentages of samples were not statistically significant.\u0000Conclusion: traditional cheese highly contaminated and usually exceeded the Palestinian Standard. The detection of Salmonella spp. suggests that traditional soft cheese commercialized in Gaza may represent a health risk for the consumers.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43881883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7165
Offar Gwandi Ta'awu, V. Kamalvanshi, S. John
This study evaluated the cost and return of maize (Zea mays L) production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives of this study were set out to: examine the socioeconomic characteristics of sampled maize farmers and to evaluate the costs and returns of maize production in the study area. A simple random sampling technique was adopted and used in selecting one hundred fifty (150) maize farmers in the area of study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and gross margin. The study shows that the majority 68.7% were full-time farmers with an average mean of 31 years of age and about 30.96 years of farming experience. The majority (85.3%) were male farmers and only 15.3% of the respondent had no formal education with an average land holding of 1.39 hectares. The analysis of farm budgetary technique shows and reveals that maize (Zea mays) production in the area of study is a profitable enterprise with a gross margin of ₦72,413.05 and net farm income (NFI) of ₦46,412.25. The coefficient of gross ratio was 0.50; this implies that 50% of the gross income of maize went to offset total farm costs. The net farm income of naira invested was 0.69 and the operating ratio was 0.59. A gross ratio of less than 1 is always desirable for farm business. The study recommends among other things that farmers should strengthen themselves financially by forming cooperative groups whereby members could have access to loans at a very low rate and farm inputs could be purchased in bulk to be shared among members at a reduced.
{"title":"Cost and Return Analysis of Maize (Zea Mays L) Production in Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Offar Gwandi Ta'awu, V. Kamalvanshi, S. John","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7165","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the cost and return of maize (Zea mays L) production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives of this study were set out to: examine the socioeconomic characteristics of sampled maize farmers and to evaluate the costs and returns of maize production in the study area. A simple random sampling technique was adopted and used in selecting one hundred fifty (150) maize farmers in the area of study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and gross margin. The study shows that the majority 68.7% were full-time farmers with an average mean of 31 years of age and about 30.96 years of farming experience. The majority (85.3%) were male farmers and only 15.3% of the respondent had no formal education with an average land holding of 1.39 hectares. The analysis of farm budgetary technique shows and reveals that maize (Zea mays) production in the area of study is a profitable enterprise with a gross margin of ₦72,413.05 and net farm income (NFI) of ₦46,412.25. The coefficient of gross ratio was 0.50; this implies that 50% of the gross income of maize went to offset total farm costs. The net farm income of naira invested was 0.69 and the operating ratio was 0.59. A gross ratio of less than 1 is always desirable for farm business. The study recommends among other things that farmers should strengthen themselves financially by forming cooperative groups whereby members could have access to loans at a very low rate and farm inputs could be purchased in bulk to be shared among members at a reduced.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43501930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7171
Abo Znemah Saad, Tarawneh Radi, Shnaigat Saida, K. Al-Najjar
In Jordan, more people are at risk of food insecurity. The levels of food security of households in Al-Balqa Governorate were studied. Food consumption score was estimated by frequency of consumption of food group by household within 7 days. Based on answers from the head of household a food insecurity scale was measured. Coping strategies index was valued to be consistent with that of the World Food Programme. Some of factors affecting proportion of expenditure out of total income on food were examined using a multiple linear regression model. The percentage of food expenditure out of total household income, food consumption score, food insecurity scale for each participant, and index of coping strategies with changes related to food deficiency were estimated. Food insecurity scale, age and income of household accounted for 21% of total expenditure. The relationship between food insecurity scale and age and income of households with total expenditure on food had a medium value of 47%. The effect of food insecurity, age, and income was significant on a proportion of total household expenditure on food with negative regression coefficients. The study concluded that households are characterized by an average level of food security, degree of food consumption is acceptable, a measure of food insecurity for each participant is low and marginal, and food security status of household is of second degree.
{"title":"Estimating Some Indicators of Food Security for Rural Households","authors":"Abo Znemah Saad, Tarawneh Radi, Shnaigat Saida, K. Al-Najjar","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v11i2.7171","url":null,"abstract":"In Jordan, more people are at risk of food insecurity. The levels of food security of households in Al-Balqa Governorate were studied. Food consumption score was estimated by frequency of consumption of food group by household within 7 days. Based on answers from the head of household a food insecurity scale was measured. Coping strategies index was valued to be consistent with that of the World Food Programme. Some of factors affecting proportion of expenditure out of total income on food were examined using a multiple linear regression model. The percentage of food expenditure out of total household income, food consumption score, food insecurity scale for each participant, and index of coping strategies with changes related to food deficiency were estimated. Food insecurity scale, age and income of household accounted for 21% of total expenditure. The relationship between food insecurity scale and age and income of households with total expenditure on food had a medium value of 47%. The effect of food insecurity, age, and income was significant on a proportion of total household expenditure on food with negative regression coefficients. The study concluded that households are characterized by an average level of food security, degree of food consumption is acceptable, a measure of food insecurity for each participant is low and marginal, and food security status of household is of second degree.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42262334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7101
R. Link, P. Reichel, Jana Oslancova
Four groups of piglets were included in the experiment. In each of the experiments, we applied azaperone as the first premedication drug in the 2nd group 4 mg/kg body weight and in the other groups 5 mg/kg body weight. In experiment no. 1, we subsequently administered diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.m.) and ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.m.) to the piglets. In experiment no. 2, we applied xylazine (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.m.). In experiment no. 3 we used diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.m.), xylazine (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.). In experiment no. 4, we administered xylazine (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.) to piglets. We applied the mentioned drug combinations intramuscularly in the area of the neck muscles. Subsequently, in each of the experiments, we performed epidural anesthesia using 2% lidocaine, in a dose of 1 ml/40 cm of body length. After putting the animals under anesthesia, we recorded breathing and pulse frequencies, body temperature and checked reflex responses at time intervals. We performed a zero blood collection before the application of the first drug, the first collection after anesthesia and then a second collection the next day, in order to determine the hematological profile. From the conducted experiments, we assessed the relationship of the used combinations of substances to the course and depth of anesthesia and, according to the hematological profile, we evaluated the effect of these substances on specific hematological parameters. We recorded the longest duration of anesthesia in the first experiment when one of the piglets had disappeared pedal reflexes even after 90 minutes. On the contrary, the shortest anesthesia was during the third experiment, when all piglets reacted 60 minutes post-lidocaine. During experiments 1 and 3, we noticed a significant drop in body temperature compared to the reference values. In a short time interval after the lidocaine administration, the reflex of the pelvic limbs completely disappeared in all tested subjects in each of the experiments. In experiment no. 3, at time 5 minutes post lidocaine administration, the nasal reflex and the reflex of the forelegs were also negative in all animals. In all tested subjects, 30 minutes after the epidural anesthesia was performed, we observed a negative reflex of the pelvic legs during the second and third trials. During experiment no. 3, we also observed a negative nasal reflex and a reflex of the front legs in the majority of the tested animals in the mentioned time interval.
{"title":"Efficacy of Different Anaesthetics on Depth of Anaesthesia and Hematological Parameters of Pigs","authors":"R. Link, P. Reichel, Jana Oslancova","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7101","url":null,"abstract":"Four groups of piglets were included in the experiment. In each of the experiments, we applied azaperone as the first premedication drug in the 2nd group 4 mg/kg body weight and in the other groups 5 mg/kg body weight. In experiment no. 1, we subsequently administered diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.m.) and ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.m.) to the piglets. In experiment no. 2, we applied xylazine (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.m.). In experiment no. 3 we used diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.m.), xylazine (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.). In experiment no. 4, we administered xylazine (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.) to piglets. We applied the mentioned drug combinations intramuscularly in the area of the neck muscles. Subsequently, in each of the experiments, we performed epidural anesthesia using 2% lidocaine, in a dose of 1 ml/40 cm of body length.\u0000After putting the animals under anesthesia, we recorded breathing and pulse frequencies, body temperature and checked reflex responses at time intervals. We performed a zero blood collection before the application of the first drug, the first collection after anesthesia and then a second collection the next day, in order to determine the hematological profile. From the conducted experiments, we assessed the relationship of the used combinations of substances to the course and depth of anesthesia and, according to the hematological profile, we evaluated the effect of these substances on specific hematological parameters.\u0000We recorded the longest duration of anesthesia in the first experiment when one of the piglets had disappeared pedal reflexes even after 90 minutes. On the contrary, the shortest anesthesia was during the third experiment, when all piglets reacted 60 minutes post-lidocaine. During experiments 1 and 3, we noticed a significant drop in body temperature compared to the reference values. In a short time interval after the lidocaine administration, the reflex of the pelvic limbs completely disappeared in all tested subjects in each of the experiments. In experiment no. 3, at time 5 minutes post lidocaine administration, the nasal reflex and the reflex of the forelegs were also negative in all animals. In all tested subjects, 30 minutes after the epidural anesthesia was performed, we observed a negative reflex of the pelvic legs during the second and third trials. During experiment no. 3, we also observed a negative nasal reflex and a reflex of the front legs in the majority of the tested animals in the mentioned time interval.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41728381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7099
M. Skalická, P. Naď, L. Bujňák, A. Marcin
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of humic substances on the changes of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content in the thigh and breast muscle of turkey. For the trial, 20 turkeys (BIG 6) were allocated into two groups (control group and experimental group) of 10 birds. Experimental group was supplemented with 0.5 % Humac Mycotoxi Sorb (HM). The control group received a basal diet without any supplements. The Humac Mycotoxi Sorb was added to turkey feed for 10 weeks. In the breast and thigh muscles, we found a statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001) Cu content after the addition of 0.5% HM to the feed (4.43; 4.18 mg.kg-1 ) compared to the control group of turkeys (2.70;3.35 mg.kg-1). Also, in the breast and thigh muscles, were found a statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) Zn content after the addition of 0.5% HM to the feed (50.98; 64.42 mg.kg-1 ) compared to the control group of turkeys (44.33; 62.95 mg.kg-1).
{"title":"The Effect of Humic Substances on the Content of Copper and Zinc in the Turkey Muscle","authors":"M. Skalická, P. Naď, L. Bujňák, A. Marcin","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7099","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the effect of humic substances on the changes of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content in the thigh and breast muscle of turkey. For the trial, 20 turkeys (BIG 6) were allocated into two groups (control group and experimental group) of 10 birds. Experimental group was supplemented with 0.5 % Humac Mycotoxi Sorb (HM). The control group received a basal diet without any supplements. The Humac Mycotoxi Sorb was added to turkey feed for 10 weeks. In the breast and thigh muscles, we found a statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001) Cu content after the addition of 0.5% HM to the feed (4.43; 4.18 mg.kg-1 ) compared to the control group of turkeys (2.70;3.35 mg.kg-1). Also, in the breast and thigh muscles, were found a statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) Zn content after the addition of 0.5% HM to the feed (50.98; 64.42 mg.kg-1 ) compared to the control group of turkeys (44.33; 62.95 mg.kg-1). ","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7116
František Zigo, A. Hreško Šamudovská, L. Bujňák
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of humic substances added to diets on carcass characteristics, weight of visceral organs, fermentation process in the caecum and excretion of dry matter and crude protein in broiler chicks. One hundred one day old broiler chicks were assigned in two equal groups. Birds of the experimental group were fed with diets supplemented with humic substances (in amount: 5 g.kg-1 during the first two weeks and 7 g.kg-1 from the 3rd to the 6th week). No significant effect of humic substances supplementation was observed on carcass characteristics (carcass weight, carcass yield, abdominal fat pad) as well as the relative weight of the liver, the heart, the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius. On the other hand, in the experimental group was found significantly higher relative weight of the pancreas (P < 0.05). Also, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the caecum content was not significantly affected, but tested substance lowered the pH value in caecum (P < 0.05). Significantly lover content of crude protein (P < 0.05) and also significantly higher concentration of dry matter (P < 0.01) in the droppings of chicks was found in experimental group than in the control group. It was concluded that the addition of humic substances to the diets can contribute to reducing the burden on the environment from poultry farms.
{"title":"Carcass Characteristic, Caecal Metabolites and Dropping Quality in Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing a Humic Substances","authors":"František Zigo, A. Hreško Šamudovská, L. Bujňák","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7116","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to determine the effect of humic substances added to diets on carcass characteristics, weight of visceral organs, fermentation process in the caecum and excretion of dry matter and crude protein in broiler chicks. One hundred one day old broiler chicks were assigned in two equal groups. Birds of the experimental group were fed with diets supplemented with humic substances (in amount: 5 g.kg-1 during the first two weeks and 7 g.kg-1 from the 3rd to the 6th week). No significant effect of humic substances supplementation was observed on carcass characteristics (carcass weight, carcass yield, abdominal fat pad) as well as the relative weight of the liver, the heart, the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius. On the other hand, in the experimental group was found significantly higher relative weight of the pancreas (P < 0.05). Also, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the caecum content was not significantly affected, but tested substance lowered the pH value in caecum (P < 0.05). Significantly lover content of crude protein (P < 0.05) and also significantly higher concentration of dry matter (P < 0.01) in the droppings of chicks was found in experimental group than in the control group. It was concluded that the addition of humic substances to the diets can contribute to reducing the burden on the environment from poultry farms.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45270951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7100
Hernaiz G. Malanon, R. S. D. Cruz
This study quantified the effects of rice combine harvester (RCH) on rice output particularly on harvesting-threshing losses and production costs. The postproduction losses using different models of RCH were established following a randomized complete block design with two replications and these were compared with the traditional method of harvesting and threshing rice. Partial budget analysis was employed to determine the benefits derived by farmer-adopters using the data gathered from a one-shot cross sectional survey involving 448 respondents. Results of the field experiments revealed that postproduction losses with the three models of RCH did not differ significantly, ranging from 1.19% to 1.76% of the total yield. Comparing the harvesting-threshing losses in using RCH and the traditional method, the use of RCH significantly reduced harvesting-threshing losses by 1.02 percentage points. Prevention of postharvest loss was more pronounced during the wet season harvest at 1.54 percent. From the point of view of the farmer-adopters, the use of RCH lowered harvesting costs by PhP 3,908.60/ha/ and gained additional PhP 718.40/ha for losses prevented by using RCH. Thus the farmer-adopter could potentially gains additional benefit of PhP 4,627.00/ha/cropping season. With these, the use of RCH has the potential to enhance rice competitiveness by lowering the production cost and preventing paddy loss by PhP1.12/kg or 9.56% of the current production cost.
{"title":"Effects of Rice Combine Harvester on Postproduction Losses and Production Costs: The Case of Luzon, Philippines","authors":"Hernaiz G. Malanon, R. S. D. Cruz","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7100","url":null,"abstract":"This study quantified the effects of rice combine harvester (RCH) on rice output particularly on harvesting-threshing losses and production costs. The postproduction losses using different models of RCH were established following a randomized complete block design with two replications and these were compared with the traditional method of harvesting and threshing rice. Partial budget analysis was employed to determine the benefits derived by farmer-adopters using the data gathered from a one-shot cross sectional survey involving 448 respondents. Results of the field experiments revealed that postproduction losses with the three models of RCH did not differ significantly, ranging from 1.19% to 1.76% of the total yield. Comparing the harvesting-threshing losses in using RCH and the traditional method, the use of RCH significantly reduced harvesting-threshing losses by 1.02 percentage points. Prevention of postharvest loss was more pronounced during the wet season harvest at 1.54 percent. From the point of view of the farmer-adopters, the use of RCH lowered harvesting costs by PhP 3,908.60/ha/ and gained additional PhP 718.40/ha for losses prevented by using RCH. Thus the farmer-adopter could potentially gains additional benefit of PhP 4,627.00/ha/cropping season. With these, the use of RCH has the potential to enhance rice competitiveness by lowering the production cost and preventing paddy loss by PhP1.12/kg or 9.56% of the current production cost. ","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42796726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7113
L. Bujňák, P. Naď, T. Mihok, A. Hreško Šamudovská, František Zigo
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a low-protein diet on the selected variables of protein and energy metabolism in the blood serum as well as on the indicators of fermentation in the faeces (fecal crude protein, ammonia, pH, volatile fatty acids, and dry matter). Twelve finishing pigs (initial body weight: 64.6 ± 3.35 kg) were randomly divided into two groups and fed basal diets with crude protein (CP) levels of 13.6% and 15.4%, respectively. The Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, and Tryptophan levels in the 13.6% CP group were the same as those in the 15.4% CP group after the addition of four crystalline amino acids—Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, and Tryptophan to the diet. The blood and faeces samples were taken from the cranial vena cava and from the rectum at the end of the study period (44 days). The results showed that with the decrease in dietary CP level from 15.4% to 13.6% (a decrease of 1.8%), the fecal crude protein, the fecal ammonia, as well as the blood urea level decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P< 0.05 and 0.01, respectively).
{"title":"Effect of Reduced Crude Protein Level on Fecal Nitrogen Excretion and Blood Profile in Finishing Pigs","authors":"L. Bujňák, P. Naď, T. Mihok, A. Hreško Šamudovská, František Zigo","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7113","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a low-protein diet on the selected variables of protein and energy metabolism in the blood serum as well as on the indicators of fermentation in the faeces (fecal crude protein, ammonia, pH, volatile fatty acids, and dry matter). Twelve finishing pigs (initial body weight: 64.6 ± 3.35 kg) were randomly divided into two groups and fed basal diets with crude protein (CP) levels of 13.6% and 15.4%, respectively. The Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, and Tryptophan levels in the 13.6% CP group were the same as those in the 15.4% CP group after the addition of four crystalline amino acids—Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, and Tryptophan to the diet. The blood and faeces samples were taken from the cranial vena cava and from the rectum at the end of the study period (44 days). The results showed that with the decrease in dietary CP level from 15.4% to 13.6% (a decrease of 1.8%), the fecal crude protein, the fecal ammonia, as well as the blood urea level decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P< 0.05 and 0.01, respectively).","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49226070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v10i6.7096
J. Novotný, David Grivalský, Z. Krepelková, K. Bárdová, František Zigo
The focus of this experimental work was the long-term analysis of the mortality of pigs in the pre-fattening category, as well as the determination of the most important etiological and predisposing factors of death. We carried out this research on farm in the east of Slovakia, in the Spiš region, over a period of three years. Based on our 36-month monitoring of pig mortality, we found that pre-fattening mortality was on a downward trend with mortality rates of 2.79%, 2.72% and 2.71% in consecutive years. There is also a certain seasonal impact on mortality in pre-fattening, because we found a higher incidence of deaths especially in the cold spring, autumn and winter months. Diseases such as respiratory and diarrheal diseases were among the most important etiological and predisposing factors of mortality in the observed farm.
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