Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6232
Roberto Ariel Telleria Juárez, Hassan Serghini Idrissi, Ampaitepin Singhabhandhu, A. Aw-Hassan, A. Laamari
--The main purpose of this research was to analyse the potential of solar panels to replace both LPG (butane gas cylinders) and diesel currently used in Morocco for agricultural irrigation. A swap would help Morocco to conserve the environment by using cleaner energy, as well as moving towards meeting Morocco’s emission targets. For this purpose, we surveyed 112 farmers in two Moroccan regions, Sidi El Aidi and Fquih Ben Salah. We found that pumping one cubic meter of groundwater with solar energy was in average 33.3% cheaper in Sidi El Aidi, and 60.6% cheaper in Fquih Ben Salah than pumping using LPG. Net present value estimates suggest that investing in solar panels is profitable. Environmental analysis suggested that switching from LPG or diesel to solar energy would save the equivalent amount of energy used by 13– 25 million 60-W electric bulbs per year. The government, farmers and the environment would gain by replacing LPG with solar energy. However, once solar panels are installed, pumping cost is virtually zero. Farmers may be tempted to overuse irrigation water, and consequently accelerate the depletion of groundwater. Implementing groundwater regulations to control the amount of groundwater pumped should precede any government program intended to promote solar energy. Keywords--Solar energy; Groundwater; Emissions; Subsidy, Morocco _________________________________________________________________________________________________
这项研究的主要目的是分析太阳能电池板取代摩洛哥目前用于农业灌溉的液化石油气(丁烷气瓶)和柴油的潜力。交换将帮助摩洛哥通过使用更清洁的能源来保护环境，并朝着实现摩洛哥的排放目标迈进。为此，我们调查了摩洛哥两个地区的112名农民，Sidi El Aidi和Fquih Ben Salah。我们发现，在Sidi El Aidi，用太阳能抽取1立方米地下水的平均成本比使用液化石油气要低33.3%，在Fquih Ben Salah则要低60.6%。净现值估算表明，投资太阳能电池板是有利可图的。环境分析显示，将石油气或柴油转换为太阳能，每年可节省相当于1300万至2500万个60瓦灯泡的能源。用太阳能代替液化石油气，对政府、农民和环境都有好处。然而，一旦安装了太阳能电池板，抽水成本几乎为零。农民可能会过度使用灌溉用水，从而加速地下水的枯竭。在任何旨在推广太阳能的政府计划之前，应该先实施地下水法规来控制地下水的开采。关键字——太阳能;地下水;排放;补贴、摩洛哥 _________________________________________________________________________________________________
{"title":"The Economic and Environmental Benefits of Solar Energy in the Agricultural Sector: The Case of Morocco","authors":"Roberto Ariel Telleria Juárez, Hassan Serghini Idrissi, Ampaitepin Singhabhandhu, A. Aw-Hassan, A. Laamari","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6232","url":null,"abstract":"--The main purpose of this research was to analyse the potential of solar panels to replace both LPG (butane gas cylinders) and diesel currently used in Morocco for agricultural irrigation. A swap would help Morocco to conserve the environment by using cleaner energy, as well as moving towards meeting Morocco’s emission targets. For this purpose, we surveyed 112 farmers in two Moroccan regions, Sidi El Aidi and Fquih Ben Salah. We found that pumping one cubic meter of groundwater with solar energy was in average 33.3% cheaper in Sidi El Aidi, and 60.6% cheaper in Fquih Ben Salah than pumping using LPG. Net present value estimates suggest that investing in solar panels is profitable. Environmental analysis suggested that switching from LPG or diesel to solar energy would save the equivalent amount of energy used by 13– 25 million 60-W electric bulbs per year. The government, farmers and the environment would gain by replacing LPG with solar energy. However, once solar panels are installed, pumping cost is virtually zero. Farmers may be tempted to overuse irrigation water, and consequently accelerate the depletion of groundwater. Implementing groundwater regulations to control the amount of groundwater pumped should precede any government program intended to promote solar energy. Keywords--Solar energy; Groundwater; Emissions; Subsidy, Morocco _________________________________________________________________________________________________","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43975408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6240
D. A. Adetunji, O. A. Obideyi, O. T. Evinemi, O. Adetunji
ABSTRACT---Phytotoxicity sets in when immature and not well prepared compost is used on the farm. This research work was targeted at preparing compost from different organic material combination and assessing the phytotoxic effects of different compost combinations. Compost of organic materials was prepared and fortified giving the following combinations: PM+RB+BM+GL, PM+SD+BM+GL, PM+RB+GL and PM+SD+GL. The carbon and nitrogen sources were combined using 1:3 ratio, the combination was sprinkled with water. Data such as ambient temperature of each pile was taken daily, while pH and electrical conductivity tests were taken on samples fortnightly. On maturation of the compost, post fortification technique was carried out hereby creating two more combinations tagged PM+RB+GL (BMP) and PM+SD+GL (BMP). The six compost combinations were tested in terms of their germination percentage, after which data on germination %, relative germination %, root length, weight gained and germination index were taken and analyzed using anova, their mean were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% probability level. Fortification with phosphorus source at the onset of composting promoted plant growth hence no sign of phytotoxicity while fortification with phosphorus source after maturation increased phytotoxicity. (SD = Sawdust, RB = Rice bran, GL = Glyricidia sepium and BM = Bone meal).
{"title":"Phytotoxicity assessment of compost-type Biofertilizer using Co-Composting and Post Composting Fortification Methods","authors":"D. A. Adetunji, O. A. Obideyi, O. T. Evinemi, O. Adetunji","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6240","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT---Phytotoxicity sets in when immature and not well prepared compost is used on the farm. This research work was targeted at preparing compost from different organic material combination and assessing the phytotoxic effects of different compost combinations. Compost of organic materials was prepared and fortified giving the following combinations: PM+RB+BM+GL, PM+SD+BM+GL, PM+RB+GL and PM+SD+GL. The carbon and nitrogen sources were combined using 1:3 ratio, the combination was sprinkled with water. Data such as ambient temperature of each pile was taken daily, while pH and electrical conductivity tests were taken on samples fortnightly. On maturation of the compost, post fortification technique was carried out hereby creating two more combinations tagged PM+RB+GL (BMP) and PM+SD+GL (BMP). The six compost combinations were tested in terms of their germination percentage, after which data on germination %, relative germination %, root length, weight gained and germination index were taken and analyzed using anova, their mean were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% probability level. Fortification with phosphorus source at the onset of composting promoted plant growth hence no sign of phytotoxicity while fortification with phosphorus source after maturation increased phytotoxicity. (SD = Sawdust, RB = Rice bran, GL = Glyricidia sepium and BM = Bone meal).","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42315040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6155
Agnan Marie-Michel Combo, P. A. Dakia, K. P. Niaba, Nermegnon TraorÃ, Grah Avit Maxwell BeugrÃ
Six okra varieties (F1 Yodana, Kirikou, Volta, Yeleen, Kousko and Local) sold and consumed in Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire) were evaluated with regards to the nutritional, antioxidant and mineral contents. The result o f the study revealed that the proximate composition in dry weight basis was significantly (P < 0.05) varied and ranged: dry mat ter 87.83-92.33%, crude protein 13.65-22.63%, crude fat 2.78-3.94%, crude fiber 21.08-26 .70%, crude ash 7 .16-10.59%, carbohydrate 39.28-54.25%, and energy value 274.78-297.97 kcal/100 g. Volta had the highest content in both protein and fat. Yeleen had the highest ash content, Local had the highest fiber content, while Kirikou presented the highest content in both carbohydrate and energy values. The phenolic content ranges from 111.42 to 156.00 mg/100 g while the vi tamin C ranges from 25.30 to 49.60 mg/100 g in dry weight basis. Volta had the highest content in both phenolic and vi tamin C . The mineral contents (mg/100 g) in dry weight basis were also significantly (P < 0.05) varied. Po tassium was the most abundant macro-element (1642.71-2519.84) followed by calcium (460.80-767.72), magnesium (345.46-432.70) and Iron (0.42-3.18) in all the varieties. Interrelationships between the parameters analysed and the different okra varieties were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA revealed differences between the okra varieties and classified them into three groups on the basis of the measured parameters: Group 1 (F1 Yodana, Volta and Local), Group 2 (Kirikou and Kousko) and Group 3 (Yeleen). This study provided important information about the nutritional composition of okra from Daloa, which can help to increase production and consumption of these nutrient-rich vegetables and wil l help reduce the nutrition-related disorders in Africa. Keywords— Okra, proximate composition, nutrients constituents, Côte d’Ivoire ____________________________________________________________________________________
{"title":"Assessment of Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Some Varieties of Okra Available in the Market of Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Agnan Marie-Michel Combo, P. A. Dakia, K. P. Niaba, Nermegnon TraorÃ, Grah Avit Maxwell BeugrÃ","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6155","url":null,"abstract":"Six okra varieties (F1 Yodana, Kirikou, Volta, Yeleen, Kousko and Local) sold and consumed in Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire) were evaluated with regards to the nutritional, antioxidant and mineral contents. The result o f the study revealed that the proximate composition in dry weight basis was significantly (P < 0.05) varied and ranged: dry mat ter 87.83-92.33%, crude protein 13.65-22.63%, crude fat 2.78-3.94%, crude fiber 21.08-26 .70%, crude ash 7 .16-10.59%, carbohydrate 39.28-54.25%, and energy value 274.78-297.97 kcal/100 g. Volta had the highest content in both protein and fat. Yeleen had the highest ash content, Local had the highest fiber content, while Kirikou presented the highest content in both carbohydrate and energy values. The phenolic content ranges from 111.42 to 156.00 mg/100 g while the vi tamin C ranges from 25.30 to 49.60 mg/100 g in dry weight basis. Volta had the highest content in both phenolic and vi tamin C . The mineral contents (mg/100 g) in dry weight basis were also significantly (P < 0.05) varied. Po tassium was the most abundant macro-element (1642.71-2519.84) followed by calcium (460.80-767.72), magnesium (345.46-432.70) and Iron (0.42-3.18) in all the varieties. Interrelationships between the parameters analysed and the different okra varieties were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA revealed differences between the okra varieties and classified them into three groups on the basis of the measured parameters: Group 1 (F1 Yodana, Volta and Local), Group 2 (Kirikou and Kousko) and Group 3 (Yeleen). This study provided important information about the nutritional composition of okra from Daloa, which can help to increase production and consumption of these nutrient-rich vegetables and wil l help reduce the nutrition-related disorders in Africa. Keywords— Okra, proximate composition, nutrients constituents, Côte d’Ivoire ____________________________________________________________________________________","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42238040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6146
O. E. Adelakun, Alabi Phebe Oyinkansola
--Tigernut is an underutilized crop but only recently its demand has increased tremendously because of its values. Composite flours were formulated from wheat and tigernut flour mixed in the ratios 100:0, 0:100, 80:20, 70:30 and 50: 50. Cookies were made from the composite flour samples and analyzed for sensory composition. The fat content of the cookies were extracted and evaluated for iodine value, free fatty acids, saponification va lue and fa t ty acid composition. The fatty acid composition was analysed by gas chromatography–spectroscopy. The iodine value, FFA and saponification values varied from 20.3 – 32 gI2/g, 0.55 -0.82% and 27.49 67.04 mgKOH/g respectively. The FAMEs present were, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 , C22:1. The to tal SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs determined for each samples in the range of 33-49%, 46-59% and 5-8 .1% respectively. Both decrease and increases in the amount of SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs were observed. Sensory evaluation revea ls that the taste and texture of the cookies made from wheat flour substituted with 20% tigernut flour was most preferable. The quantity and quality of the lipid fraction of the cookies indicated that all analysed cookies are a good source of SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs consequently posing no threat to the health of the consumers. Keywords---Wheat, tigernut, cookies, fatty acid composition _________________________________________________________________________________________________ PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Tiger nut as an underutilized crop is high in dietary fibre content which could be effective in the treatment and prevention of many diseases including colon cancer, coronary heart diseases, obesity, diabetics and gastrointestinal d isorders. Tiger nut flour has been demonstrated to be a rich source of quality oil and contains moderate amount of protein. The blend of tiger nut with wheat will provide a traditional nutritious food to more people at lower cost and to utilize indigenous crops to a greater extent and also it will improve the nutritional quality and health benefits of cookies produced from tiger nut.
{"title":"Oil Content and Fatty Acids Composition of Cookies Produced from Blends of Tigernut and Wheat Flour","authors":"O. E. Adelakun, Alabi Phebe Oyinkansola","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6146","url":null,"abstract":"--Tigernut is an underutilized crop but only recently its demand has increased tremendously because of its values. Composite flours were formulated from wheat and tigernut flour mixed in the ratios 100:0, 0:100, 80:20, 70:30 and 50: 50. Cookies were made from the composite flour samples and analyzed for sensory composition. The fat content of the cookies were extracted and evaluated for iodine value, free fatty acids, saponification va lue and fa t ty acid composition. The fatty acid composition was analysed by gas chromatography–spectroscopy. The iodine value, FFA and saponification values varied from 20.3 – 32 gI2/g, 0.55 -0.82% and 27.49 67.04 mgKOH/g respectively. The FAMEs present were, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 , C22:1. The to tal SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs determined for each samples in the range of 33-49%, 46-59% and 5-8 .1% respectively. Both decrease and increases in the amount of SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs were observed. Sensory evaluation revea ls that the taste and texture of the cookies made from wheat flour substituted with 20% tigernut flour was most preferable. The quantity and quality of the lipid fraction of the cookies indicated that all analysed cookies are a good source of SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs consequently posing no threat to the health of the consumers. Keywords---Wheat, tigernut, cookies, fatty acid composition _________________________________________________________________________________________________ PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Tiger nut as an underutilized crop is high in dietary fibre content which could be effective in the treatment and prevention of many diseases including colon cancer, coronary heart diseases, obesity, diabetics and gastrointestinal d isorders. Tiger nut flour has been demonstrated to be a rich source of quality oil and contains moderate amount of protein. The blend of tiger nut with wheat will provide a traditional nutritious food to more people at lower cost and to utilize indigenous crops to a greater extent and also it will improve the nutritional quality and health benefits of cookies produced from tiger nut.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43899452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-28DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6169
S. Singh, Gudakesh, Deepanjali Vishwakarma
--Inadequate nutritional consumption is one of the decisive factors for weak immunity, a higher probability of various diseases and infections, weak mental and physical growth, and less working capability. The present study was conducted to assess the dietary diversity pattern and its correlates in a rural setting of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted during August-November 2017, among 316 households. Women from these households were interviewed to know the variety of foods consumed in the past 24 hours. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analysis have been used to meet the objective of the study. Results portray that, about 14 percent of the households were in the category of low dietary diversity, and 58 percent were under medium dietary diversity. A higher proportion of SCs and poor households were more prone to have low dietary diversity. Landless households or less than one bigha of agricultural land and household without livestock or less number of livestock were more prone to low dietary diversity. Results of ordered logistic regression analysis confirm that caste, working status of heads, family type, socioeconomic status of the household, agricultural land, and livestock showed a significant association with the dietary diversity pattern of households. There is a necessity for the informed rural population on the importance of a diverse diet to improve nutrient consumption and to achieve food and nutrition security. National or regional level surveys will be helpful to understand the food related challenges in India. Keywords--Households, Dietary Diversity, Dietary Diversity Score and Food Security _________________________________________________________________________________________________
{"title":"Socioeconomic Determinants of Dietary Diversity among Rural Households in Jaunpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"S. Singh, Gudakesh, Deepanjali Vishwakarma","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v8i3.6169","url":null,"abstract":"--Inadequate nutritional consumption is one of the decisive factors for weak immunity, a higher probability of various diseases and infections, weak mental and physical growth, and less working capability. The present study was conducted to assess the dietary diversity pattern and its correlates in a rural setting of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted during August-November 2017, among 316 households. Women from these households were interviewed to know the variety of foods consumed in the past 24 hours. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analysis have been used to meet the objective of the study. Results portray that, about 14 percent of the households were in the category of low dietary diversity, and 58 percent were under medium dietary diversity. A higher proportion of SCs and poor households were more prone to have low dietary diversity. Landless households or less than one bigha of agricultural land and household without livestock or less number of livestock were more prone to low dietary diversity. Results of ordered logistic regression analysis confirm that caste, working status of heads, family type, socioeconomic status of the household, agricultural land, and livestock showed a significant association with the dietary diversity pattern of households. There is a necessity for the informed rural population on the importance of a diverse diet to improve nutrient consumption and to achieve food and nutrition security. National or regional level surveys will be helpful to understand the food related challenges in India. Keywords--Households, Dietary Diversity, Dietary Diversity Score and Food Security _________________________________________________________________________________________________","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46934249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.24203/ajafs.v8i2.6094
Robiul H Bhuiyan, R. Barua, E. Talukder, M. S. Islam, F. Yesmin, K. Chakma, G. Kabir, Robiul Hasan Bhuyan
Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is commonly referred to as Bitter Gourd, Karela and balsam-pear, is a very familiar vegetable and widely cultivate in Bangladesh. It has long been used as a traditional medicine for some ailments. Nutritional compositions and phytochemical constituents of two selected hybrid varieties of M. charantia (TIA and GOJNEE) from Bangladesh were analysed using standard analytical methods. The proximate composition like moisture, ash, crude lipid, crude fibre and crude protein contents were showed as percentage. The study results showed that the two varieties of this M. charantia are good source of minerals such as Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe) and Chromium (Cr). Calcium and iron concentrations were higher in both varieties. And their concentrations were 2.35 and 1.04 ppm in GOJNEE, and 2.24 and 0.87 ppm in TIA, respectively. Phytochemicals constituents like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were found in both varieties of M. charantia. Quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin were 0.05, 2.001 and 5.02 % in seeds of GOJNEE and 0.012, 1.72 and 3.27 % in seed of TIA. Total phenolic content was also determined and found that the highest contents were in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts in both varieties. Our study result indicates the presence of nutritional and phytochemical constituents which are beneficial for our health along with the medicinal values.
{"title":"Nutritional Analysis and Phytochemical Evaluation of Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia) from Bangladesh","authors":"Robiul H Bhuiyan, R. Barua, E. Talukder, M. S. Islam, F. Yesmin, K. Chakma, G. Kabir, Robiul Hasan Bhuyan","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v8i2.6094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v8i2.6094","url":null,"abstract":"Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is commonly referred to as Bitter Gourd, Karela and balsam-pear, is a very familiar vegetable and widely cultivate in Bangladesh. It has long been used as a traditional medicine for some ailments. Nutritional compositions and phytochemical constituents of two selected hybrid varieties of M. charantia (TIA and GOJNEE) from Bangladesh were analysed using standard analytical methods. The proximate composition like moisture, ash, crude lipid, crude fibre and crude protein contents were showed as percentage. The study results showed that the two varieties of this M. charantia are good source of minerals such as Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe) and Chromium (Cr). Calcium and iron concentrations were higher in both varieties. And their concentrations were 2.35 and 1.04 ppm in GOJNEE, and 2.24 and 0.87 ppm in TIA, respectively. Phytochemicals constituents like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were found in both varieties of M. charantia. Quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin were 0.05, 2.001 and 5.02 % in seeds of GOJNEE and 0.012, 1.72 and 3.27 % in seed of TIA. Total phenolic content was also determined and found that the highest contents were in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts in both varieties. Our study result indicates the presence of nutritional and phytochemical constituents which are beneficial for our health along with the medicinal values.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49059562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-04DOI: 10.24203/AJAFS.V8I1.6068
H. Pirasteh-Anosheh, S. Hashemi
Salinity as a major constrain of plant productivity affects growth and development at any stage of growth cycle. Under saline conditions, rapid and uniform germination of plants would be necessary to achieve enhanced quality and potential yield. In such situation, seed priming could be an important approach to increase plant germination, growth and consequently yield. Priming is defined as seed presowing in solutions that allow them to imbibe water to improve the first stage of germination; however, this prevents radical protrusion through seed coat. Seed priming improves establishment in many plant species, and include hydro-priming, osmo-priming, halo-priming, thermo-priming and hormo-priming. Overall, accelerated biochemical and physiological process such cell division and starch hydrolysis, induced I±-amylase activity, greater germination rate, less Na+ and higher K+Â accumulation and induced antioxidative system might be some mechanisms for salinity tolerance in primed plants. Since shortage of water availability due to osmotic stress is the first phase in salt stress, so one of the major mechanisms for improved germination and growth in primed seeds is accelerated water imbibition under saline conditions. In this paper, different seed priming strategies are examined and comprised in different plants growing in saline conditions. Since different types of seed priming have positive effects on germination, emergence, growth, yield as well as biochemical traits and quality of plants, it seems that seed priming could be promising approach for improved salinity tolerance in future world with changed climate. More researches on detail of seed priming for each agent is needed for each plant.
{"title":"Priming, a Promising Practical Approach to Improve Seed Germination and Plant Growth in Saline Conditions","authors":"H. Pirasteh-Anosheh, S. Hashemi","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V8I1.6068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V8I1.6068","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity as a major constrain of plant productivity affects growth and development at any stage of growth cycle. Under saline conditions, rapid and uniform germination of plants would be necessary to achieve enhanced quality and potential yield. In such situation, seed priming could be an important approach to increase plant germination, growth and consequently yield. Priming is defined as seed presowing in solutions that allow them to imbibe water to improve the first stage of germination; however, this prevents radical protrusion through seed coat. Seed priming improves establishment in many plant species, and include hydro-priming, osmo-priming, halo-priming, thermo-priming and hormo-priming. Overall, accelerated biochemical and physiological process such cell division and starch hydrolysis, induced I±-amylase activity, greater germination rate, less Na+ and higher K+Â accumulation and induced antioxidative system might be some mechanisms for salinity tolerance in primed plants. Since shortage of water availability due to osmotic stress is the first phase in salt stress, so one of the major mechanisms for improved germination and growth in primed seeds is accelerated water imbibition under saline conditions. In this paper, different seed priming strategies are examined and comprised in different plants growing in saline conditions. Since different types of seed priming have positive effects on germination, emergence, growth, yield as well as biochemical traits and quality of plants, it seems that seed priming could be promising approach for improved salinity tolerance in future world with changed climate. More researches on detail of seed priming for each agent is needed for each plant.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44564707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.24203/AJAFS.V8I1.6044
A. Sabir, F. Sabir, Akram Ibrahim Mohammed Jawshle
In Turkey, viticulture practices have displayed significant development with the production of high quality fresh grapes, juice, molasses and raisin. Grape berries contain high amount of phenolic compounds collected enormous interest due to their essential function in the improvement of produces attained from grapes, but also for their potential useful health effects as functional food. The purpose of present investigation was to reveal the effects of different colored shade nets on berry skin color and functional properties of grape juice. Four years old vines of ‘Alphonse Lavallee’ table grape were cultivated soilless in about 70 L black plastic pots containing sterile peat and perlite mixture under controlled glasshouse condition. The grapevines were covered with different colored shading nets (yellow, blue, white, red, green and black) at the beginning of the summer period. At commercial maturity, investigations show that berry skin color and the analyzed biochemical features of ‘Alphonse Lavallee’ table grape cultivar displayed great variations in response to the different colored shade net. Such differential effects should be evaluated when the use of shade nets is considered in protected viticulture to cope with environmental constraints. The findings may also be useful for the future experiments under conventional vineyard conditions.
{"title":"Quality Changes in Grape Berry as Affected by the Use of Different Colored Shade Nets Proposed to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Climate Change","authors":"A. Sabir, F. Sabir, Akram Ibrahim Mohammed Jawshle","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V8I1.6044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V8I1.6044","url":null,"abstract":"In Turkey, viticulture practices have displayed significant development with the production of high quality fresh grapes, juice, molasses and raisin. Grape berries contain high amount of phenolic compounds collected enormous interest due to their essential function in the improvement of produces attained from grapes, but also for their potential useful health effects as functional food. The purpose of present investigation was to reveal the effects of different colored shade nets on berry skin color and functional properties of grape juice. Four years old vines of ‘Alphonse Lavallee’ table grape were cultivated soilless in about 70 L black plastic pots containing sterile peat and perlite mixture under controlled glasshouse condition. The grapevines were covered with different colored shading nets (yellow, blue, white, red, green and black) at the beginning of the summer period. At commercial maturity, investigations show that berry skin color and the analyzed biochemical features of ‘Alphonse Lavallee’ table grape cultivar displayed great variations in response to the different colored shade net. Such differential effects should be evaluated when the use of shade nets is considered in protected viticulture to cope with environmental constraints. The findings may also be useful for the future experiments under conventional vineyard conditions.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41341793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-27DOI: 10.24203/AJAFS.V7I6.5951
H. Swatland
Subsurface reflective interference from A-bands in roast beef persisted under water and some myofibers had interference peaks exceeding the reflectance of white barium sulfate. The number of interference peaks was correlated with CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) Y% ( r = 0.51, P < 0.001). As the number of peaks increased, the distance from the central white of the CIE chart decreased ( r = - 0.52, P < 0.001). Myofibers with low scattering had fewer interference peaks (2.9 ± 0.3, n =10) than myofibers with high scattering (4.9 ± 1.3, n = 31, P < 0.001). Thus, the number of reflecting and interfering layers may be important in relating light scattering along myofibers to surface iridescence. One or a few reflective layers may produce strong interference colors while many layers may produce colorless scattering.
{"title":"Signal Analysis of Optical Interference in Relation to Colorimetry for Measurements Made Along Individual Myofibers in Cooked Beef","authors":"H. Swatland","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V7I6.5951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V7I6.5951","url":null,"abstract":"Subsurface reflective interference from A-bands in roast beef persisted under water and some myofibers had interference peaks exceeding the reflectance of white barium sulfate. The number of interference peaks was correlated with CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) Y% ( r = 0.51, P < 0.001). As the number of peaks increased, the distance from the central white of the CIE chart decreased ( r = - 0.52, P < 0.001). Myofibers with low scattering had fewer interference peaks (2.9 ± 0.3, n =10) than myofibers with high scattering (4.9 ± 1.3, n = 31, P < 0.001). Thus, the number of reflecting and interfering layers may be important in relating light scattering along myofibers to surface iridescence. One or a few reflective layers may produce strong interference colors while many layers may produce colorless scattering.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45373741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-26DOI: 10.24203/AJAFS.V7I6.5864
Joseph A. Aguyoh, J. Odhiambo
Cucumber production in Kenya is faced with a number of challenges that include nematode infestation, low yield and quality of the crop resulting into low returns. In an effort to solve some of these challenges, a study was conducted to ascertain the effects of farmyard manure on nematode infestation, yield and quality of cucumber at Rongo University School of Agriculture Research Farm from July to October 2017 and repeated from October 2017 to January 2018. Three seeds of cucumber ‘Ashley’ were sown directly in 3.5-liter plastic pots containing 8 kg of sterilized air dried growth medium made up of sand and top soil in the ratio of 1:2 respectively. The treatments were four levels of cattle manure 0 (control), 7.5, 11.3 and 15 ton/ha. Each pot was then inoculated with 5 juvenile root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). The experiment was performed under completely randomized block design with three replications. Data was collected on yield, quality and nematode population dynamics and then subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at P≤0.05. The Number of fruits per vine, number of deformed fruits per vine, fruit weight, length, diameter, firmness and TSS were significantly affected by FYM application. FYM also affected the number of root galls and nematode population.
肯尼亚的黄瓜生产面临着许多挑战，包括线虫侵扰、产量低和作物质量差导致的低回报。为了解决其中的一些挑战，研究人员于2017年7月至10月在朗戈大学农业研究学院农场进行了一项研究，以确定农家肥对线虫感染、黄瓜产量和质量的影响，并于2017年10月至2018年1月重复进行了研究。将黄瓜“Ashley”的3粒种子直接播种在3.5升的塑料罐中，罐中分别装有8公斤由沙子和表土按1:2的比例组成的无菌风干生长介质。处理水平分别为0(对照)、7.5、11.3和15 t /ha。每盆接种5只根结线虫幼虫。试验采用完全随机区组设计，设3个重复。收集产量、品质和线虫种群动态数据，进行方差分析(ANOVA)， P≤0.05。单株果数、单株畸形果数、果实重、长度、直径、结实度和TSS均受FYM施用的显著影响。FYM对根瘿数和线虫数量也有影响。
{"title":"Influence of Farm Yard Manure on Nematode Infestation, Yield and Quality of Cucumber","authors":"Joseph A. Aguyoh, J. Odhiambo","doi":"10.24203/AJAFS.V7I6.5864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/AJAFS.V7I6.5864","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber production in Kenya is faced with a number of challenges that include nematode infestation, low yield and quality of the crop resulting into low returns. In an effort to solve some of these challenges, a study was conducted to ascertain the effects of farmyard manure on nematode infestation, yield and quality of cucumber at Rongo University School of Agriculture Research Farm from July to October 2017 and repeated from October 2017 to January 2018. Three seeds of cucumber ‘Ashley’ were sown directly in 3.5-liter plastic pots containing 8 kg of sterilized air dried growth medium made up of sand and top soil in the ratio of 1:2 respectively. The treatments were four levels of cattle manure 0 (control), 7.5, 11.3 and 15 ton/ha. Each pot was then inoculated with 5 juvenile root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). The experiment was performed under completely randomized block design with three replications. Data was collected on yield, quality and nematode population dynamics and then subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at P≤0.05. The Number of fruits per vine, number of deformed fruits per vine, fruit weight, length, diameter, firmness and TSS were significantly affected by FYM application. FYM also affected the number of root galls and nematode population.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41310888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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