British Journal of Nutrition最新文献

Background: Depression affects over 280 million people worldwide. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids may relate to depression, but observational evidence is inconsistent.

Objective: To examine the association between dietary long-chain omega-3 intake and depression severity in US adults.

Design/setting: Cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2021-2023. Participants: Adults ≥18 years with complete dietary, PHQ-9, and covariate data (n=3,608). Main outcome: PHQ-9 severity categories (0-4 to 20-27). Exposure: Total omega-3 (ALA, EPA, DPA, DHA) from 24-hour recalls (FNDDS 2021-2023); supplements excluded. Supplement use was a binary covariate.

Methods: Survey-weighted ordinal logistic regression (svyolr); all continuous variables centred/scaled (ORs per 1 SD). Covariates: age, sex, race/ethnicity (collapsed for sparse cells), income-to-poverty ratio, BMI, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, omega-3 supplement use. Results: Higher total omega-3 intake was inversely associated with depression severity (OR 0.865 per 1 SD, 95% CI 0.761-0.983, p=0.026). EPA showed a significant inverse association (OR 0.907, 95% CI 0.824-0.998, p=0.045); ALA, DPA, and DHA were not significant. No interaction by sex (p=0.656) or race/ethnicity (p=0.155). Sensitivity analyses: excluding supplement users (n=3,093) OR 0.872 (95% CI 0.773-0.984, p=0.026); two recalls only (n=3,229) OR 0.847 (95% CI 0.751-0.955, p=0.007).

Conclusions: Dietary omega-3 intake, particularly EPA, was modestly and inversely associated with depression severity. Residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible; longitudinal studies with biomarkers are needed.

Iron deficiency (ID) represents the most prevalent nutritional disorder and a major public health concern. As part of the HYDRIA 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition study, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of adults in Greece, serum ferritin levels (SFL) were measured in participants aged ≥55 years and dietary intake was assessed using two nonconsecutive 24h dietary recalls per participant. The study aimed to evaluate SFL, determine the prevalence of ID among older adults and explore associations with dietary iron intake and adherence to Mediterranean diet(MD). Among individuals over 55 years, ID prevalence was 6.5% for SFL<15 ng/ml and 12.7% for SFL<30 ng/ml. SFL were significantly associated with sex and age (p<0.001), with men showing higher SFL than women. Advancing age, particularly among individuals over 74 years, increased the risk of ID. Dietary iron intake declined with age, and women had significantly lower intake than men (p<0.001). Overall, 57.2% of participants had inadequate daily iron intake. SFL were not associated with total or heme iron intake. High adherence to MD was associated with higher energy-adjusted total iron intake but lower heme-iron intake. Weighted logistic regression for SFL<15 ng/mL showed that MD adherence was significantly associated with reduced odds of ID (p=0.007), likely due to the protective effect of intermediate adherence (OR=0.10, p=0.002). Conclusively, while ID prevalence among older adults in Greece is low, over half of the population present inadequate daily iron intake, especially women. High adherence to MD may have a protective effect against ID.

This study aimed to verify whether a higher percentage contribution of food and beverage consumption at dinner and evening snack was associated with overweight in schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil. Cross-sectional study conducted with schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years from the Prevalence Study of Obesity in Children and Adolescents of Florianopolis/SC. Weight and height were measured individually by trained researchers. The assessment of the weight status of the schoolchildren was conducted using the Body Mass Index (BMI), classified according to the Z-score for age. The self-reported food consumption was obtained through the online Web-CAAFE questionnaire. Multivariate logistic was used to verify the association between the percentage contribution of food groups in the dinner and evening snack meals with overweight. A total of 1379 schoolchildren participated in the study, of which 33.8% were overweight. It was observed that a higher percentage contribution of meat, eggs, and seafood consumption at dinner was positively associated with overweight (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.27-2.04); p=0.001). In contrast, a higher percentage contribution of water consumption at dinner and dairy products and sugary drinks at the evening snack were negatively associated with overweight (OR: 0.67; OR: 0.61; and OR: 0.67, respectively). It is concluded that a higher percentage contribution of food groups in schoolchildren's diet at dinner and evening snack is associated with overweight. However, further studies are recommended to assess food consumption in schoolchildren during dinner and evening snack meals for more conclusive findings.

This study is a prospective observational study to systematically compare the effects of intermittent tube feeding and thickened feeding on dehydration status, thirst degree and quality of life in patients with dysphagia after stroke. A total of 48 patients with dysphagia after stroke were selected and divided into intermittent tube feeding group (24 cases) and thickened feeding group (24 cases). The grouping was based on the nutritional intake mode after clinical decision-making. Participants were selected from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. All enrolled patients received conventional treatment and nursing measures and were treated for 2 weeks. The dehydration status was evaluated by plasma osmotic pressure. The degree of thirst is evaluated by the Numerical Rate Scale (NRS). Total protein and hemoglobin are used to assess nutritional status; The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) assesses swallowing function; The Swallowing Quality of Life Scale (SWAL-QOL) was used to assess the quality of life. After 2 weeks of treatment, the improvement in dehydration and thirst in intermittent tube feeding group was better than that in thickened feeding group (P<0.05). The FOIS and SWAL-QOL scores of both groups of patients improved compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). Intermittent tube feeding can improve the dehydration status of patients with dysphagia after stroke, relieve thirst, and enhance swallowing function and quality of life. The study may provide a more comprehensive basis for the selection of clinical nutritional support plans.

Sepsis-related deaths remain prevalent in intensive care settings, with metabolic dysregulation as a key contributor. Although amino acid supplementation has shown promise, its clinical effectiveness in sepsis is unclear. This study evaluated the impact of intravenous amino acid administration on 28-day mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) sepsis patients using retrospective cohort analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR). We analyzed data from the MIMIC-IV database, matching 726 patients (363 per group) using propensity scores. The association between amino acid supplementation and mortality was assessed using Logistic regression, Cox regression, and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). Two-sample MR was used to explore causal links between 20 common amino acids and sepsis mortality. In the cohort analysis, amino acid supplementation was consistently associated with significantly reduced 28-day mortality across all analytical methods (logistic regression: OR = 0.48, p < 0.01; Cox regression: HR = 0.48, p < 0.01; TMLE: ATE = -0.102, p < 0.01). In contrast, the MR analysis did not find a significant causal association for any single amino acid after correction for multiple comparisons; although glycine showed a nominal protective signal, it did not remain significant after FDR correction. This dual-method study demonstrates a strong association between compound amino acid infusions and reduced mortality in sepsis but did not identify any single amino acid as a robust causal mediator. These findings suggest the benefit may arise from a synergistic effect, highlighting the need for randomized controlled trials to validate these observational results and optimize nutritional strategies.

Nutrition is crucial for the growth of children and adolescents. This study investigated multiple nutritional problems and influencing factors among 2,423 students aged 6-17 in Guizhou Province, using questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and blood tests. Multifactorial logistic and Poisson regression analyses were used to identify determinants of overnutrition and undernutrition. The results showed a distinct profile compared to national averages: wasting was more prevalent (9.6%), while overweight (8.6%) and obesity (5.0%) were less common. Notably, hyperuricemia (27.6%) and zinc deficiency (17.9%) were elevated, whereas classical metabolic syndrome (2.3%) was lower, delineating a regional pattern that prioritizes these emerging and micronutrient issues. Marginal vitamin A deficiency (17.2%) and vitamin D inadequacy (50.9%) remained significant. Older age (11-17 years) was a strong risk factor for overnutrition-related disorders and hyperuricemia (All p<0.001). Overweight/obesity increased risks of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome (All p<0.001). Being female was a major risk factor for undernutrition (PR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.19-1.35, p<0.001) and vitamin D deficiency (AOR=2.51, 95%CI: 2.10-3.00, p<0.001), but a protective factor against hyperuricemia (AOR=0.34, 95%CI: 0.27-0.41, p<0.001). Frequent sugary drink consumption (≥3/week) elevated hyperuricemia risk (AOR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.05-1.69, p=0.020). This study underscores a complex double burden of malnutrition in western China, characterized by specific priority areas, and necessitates tailored, multi-component interventions such as limiting sugary drinks and focusing nutrition support on adolescent girls.

This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between three body composition devices and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in assessing segmental body composition among healthy Iranian adults. This comparative study recruited 62 healthy adults (33 men and 29 women) from Tehran, Iran, using a convenience sampling approach. Socio-demographic data were collected, and segmental body composition was assessed using several devices, including the InBody 770, Anea Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), Tanita BC-418, and DXA. Agreement between DXA and the BIA devices was evaluated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. Additionally, Bland-Altman plots and mean percentage error were applied to assess the consistency between the two methods. The Anea, InBody 770, and Tanita BC-418 devices showed strong correlation with DXA for all segmental measurements (r≥0.74, p<0.05). Moderate agreement (concordance correlation coefficient (CCC): 0.90 ≤ CCC < 0.95) with the DXA method was found for some segments using the Anea (trunk fat mass, arms fat-free mass, legs fat-free mass, and trunk fat-free mass) and the InBody 770 (trunk lean body mass and trunk fat mass) devices. The estimation of legs fat mass was the least accurate across all BIA devices. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that the BIA devices provided more precise results in men and in individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) <25.00 kg/m2. The Anea BIA and InBody 770 devices show relatively acceptable validity for segmental body composition assessment. More research is needed to confirm these findings.

The Mediterranean and a low carbohydrate diet are two popular dietary approaches recommended for cardiovascular and metabolic health, respectively. This trial will compare the combined effect of these diets to either approach alone for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Males and females (n=222), 30-75 years, with at least three MetS risk factors will be randomised to one of 3 diets: i) Traditional Mediterranean (∼55% of energy carbohydrate [CHO]:15% Protein [Pro]: 30% Fat), ii) Lower Carbohydrate (∼35%CHO:20%Pro:45%Fat), or iii) Lower Carbohydrate Mediterranean (∼35%CHO:20%Pro:45%Fat) diet for 12-weeks. The primary outcome measure is the MetS Severity Z Score (MetS-Z), a composite score of risk factors, sex and ethnicity. MetS-Z will be calculated pre and post intervention using fasted blood samples for plasma triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and glucose, systolic blood pressure, body weight and waist circumference measures. The findings from this trial will offer new insights into the most effective dietary strategy for managing diabetes and reducing cardiovascular risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Prenatal exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with child weight at birth and may have a persistent effect on adiposity development across childhood. Fish is the richest source of n-3 PUFAs within the diet; albeit few studies have investigated associations between maternal fish consumption during pregnancy and child weight. This study examines associations between maternal fish consumption and prenatal PUFA status (n-3 and n-6), with longitudinal measures of child weight in the high-fish-eating Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2. Maternal fish consumption during pregnancy was assessed using a Fish Use Questionnaire administered at 28-weeks' gestation. Serum PUFAs were quantified in maternal blood collected at 28-weeks' gestation and in cord blood collected at delivery. Birth weight was measured at delivery and classified according to WHO growth standards (n=1185). Child length/height (m) and weight (kg) were recorded at 20 months (n=1182), 7 (n=1167) and 13 (n=878) years. Child BMI was classified according to child z-scores. Maternal total fish consumption (range: 0.0-584.71 g/day) was not associated with child weight at any age. At 7 and 13 years maternal total n-6 PUFAs were associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (7yr; OR=1.62, p=0.037, 13yr; OR=2.05, p=0.005). Lower (<0.071mg/ml) cord docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations were associated with a greater likelihood of being large for gestational age (LGA; >90^th percentile) when compared to higher (>0.129mg/ml) cord DHA concentrations (OR 4.17, p=0.017). This study suggests prenatal maternal n-3 and n-6 PUFA status may influence postnatal outcomes, including child adiposity from birth until adolescence.

The current study was designed to examine the association between a composite Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) and thyroid function biomarkers among American adults. This cross-sectional study utilized data from 5,693 adults aged ≥18 years in the NHANES 2007-2012 cycles. A HLS (range 0-6) was constructed based on six modifiable factors: non-smoking, no heavy alcohol intake, normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m²), high physical activity (upper tertile of MET-min/week), adequate sleep (7-9 h/night), and appropriate energy intake. Serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total thyroxine (FT4, TT4), free and total triiodothyronine (FT3, TT3), thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid antibodies (TPOAb, TgAb) were measured. Multivariable linear regression adjusted for sociodemographic factors was used to assess associations. In fully adjusted models, each one-point increase in HLS was associated with lower serum FT4 (β = -0.07 ng/dL; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.03; p < 0.001) and TT4 (β = -0.11 µg/dL; 95% CI: -0.15, -0.06; p < 0.001). Compared with participants with an HLS of 0-1, those with HLS 4-6 had lower FT4 (β = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.09; p < 0.001) and TT4 (β = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.49, -0.22; p < 0.001). Associations for other thyroid markers were not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons (p > 0.05). A healthier lifestyle is inversely associated with serum FT4 and TT4 levels, highlighting potential links between modifiable behaviors and thyroid physiology.