British Journal of Nutrition最新文献

Progression towards elevated blood pressure (BP) may begin as early as adolescence. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), which are linked to poor cardiometabolic health, is often highest in adolescence. We examined sex- and age-specific associations of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) with concurrent and lagged UPF intake from age 15 to 25 in a Filipino cohort. We used data from the 1998-2009 waves of the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (n 2124, 52 % male); participants were 15, 18, 21 and 25 years old. UPFs (% daily kilocalories) were classified using NOVA. Linear mixed-effects models estimated differences in SBP and DBP associated with a 5-percentage point difference in concurrent and lagged UPF intake (3-4 years earlier). Mean UPF intake was 10-11 % of total energy intake among males and 14-17 % among females over the study period. At age 21, intake of ultra-processed meats and fish was positively associated with DBP (β = 0·48 (95 % CI: 0·02, 0·94)) among males and intake of ultra-processed sugary beverages was positively associated with SBP (0·80 (0·13, 1·48)) and DBP (0·93 (0·34, 1·51)) among females. Among females only, SBP at age 18 was positively associated with total UPF intake at age 15 (0·25 (0·00, 0·50)). In this cohort, there were modest, positive associations between BP and UPF intake, which varied by sex and age. UPF intake during the transition to adulthood may be linked to higher BP, supporting efforts to limit adolescents' intake in LMICs.

The evaluation of usual food intake is of central importance in nutritional epidemiology studies. Some authors propose the usual dietary recall (UDR) as a viable method for assessing usual food intake; however, its characteristics remain poorly understood. The objective of this study is to review the literature on the application and performance characteristics of the UDR as a dietary assessment method. Electronic search strategies were conducted using the Excerpta Medica Database, Publisher Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) Periodicals Portal, and Google Scholar. Studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included, with no restrictions on publication date. Eligible studies included those utilising the UDR in experimental or observational designs, as well as literature reviews. A total of 116 studies were included in the review. The most common application method (n 34; 29·3 %) involved reporting foods typically consumed over a 24-h period. However, most studies (n 66; 56·9 %) did not specify the method for applying the UDR. Key limitations identified included under or overestimation (n 9; 7·8 %), memory bias (n 7; 6·0 %) and the lack of instrument validation (n 5; 4·3 %). Findings show that the UDR lacks a standardised application method, and its validity remains unconfirmed. Future research should establish a standardised protocol and assess its psychometric properties to reduce errors and biases, ensuring accurate dietary assessments in nutritional epidemiology.

Evidence regarding the association between dietary choline intake and mortality in individuals with diabetes remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary choline intake and all-cause, CVD and cancer-related mortality among adults with diabetes. A total of 4712 participants with diabetes were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018 cycles. Dietary choline intake was estimated using two 24-h dietary recalls, and mortality outcomes were ascertained via linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were employed to assess the associations between choline intake and mortality. Restricted cubic spline models were used to examine potential non-linear relationships, and threshold analyses were conducted to identify inflection points. Over a median follow-up of 6·42 years, 805 deaths were documented, including 267 from CVD and 126 from cancer. A U-shaped association was observed between dietary choline intake and all-cause mortality (P_{for non-linearity} < 0·0001). Compared with the lowest quartile, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0·64 (95 % CI 0·47, 0·88) for the second quartile, 0·59 (0·43, 0·82) for the third and 0·69 (0·43, 1·09) for the highest quartile. No significant associations were found between choline intake and either CVD or cancer mortality. These findings indicate a U-shaped relationship between dietary choline intake and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes, with intakes between 286·77 and 538·86 mg/d associated with the lowest risk - providing potential implications for dietary guidance in diabetes management.

Diet can affect health directly or by altering the gut microbiota; thus, there are strong interrelationships between the gut immune system, gut microbiota and diet. This study examined the effects of ingesting AIN-93M purified diet (PD) on gut immune function and gut microbiota in DO11·10 mice, in which T cell-dependent and T cell-independent (TI) IgA can be analysed separately. Ingestion of the PD for 2 weeks reduced both T cell-dependent and TI secretory IgA in the faeces compared with non-PD, whereas the diet did not affect T cell-dependent and TI serum IgA. Ingestion of the PD had no effect on systemic immune system splenocyte responses. Ingestion of the PD reduced intestinal tissue expression levels of B-cell activating factor and A proliferation-inducing ligand, cytokines involved in TI-IgA production and polymeric Ig receptor, which transports IgA into the intestinal lumen. Co-abundance group (CAG) analysis of the intestinal microbiota was conducted based on correlations between changes in the abundance of bacterial genera, and the correlations between CAG and IgA were determined. The Allobaculum-dominated CAG expanded following ingestion of the PD, accompanied by an inverse correlation with the decrease in faecal IgA, whereas the Lactobacillus-dominated CAG shrank relative to the Allobaculum-dominated CAG. These results suggest that TI-IgA suppresses the expansion of some intestinal bacteria and that ingestion of the PD induces dysbiosis via impaired IgA secretion into the intestinal lumen.

Cancer-related fatigue is a common problem among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors even after completion of treatment. In a randomised trial, we assessed the effect of a person-centred lifestyle programme on cancer-related fatigue among CRC survivors who completed treatment. Survivors who completed treatment at least 6 months but no longer than 5 years ago and who were experiencing cancer-related fatigue were randomised to intervention or control group. The intervention group worked with a lifestyle coach for 6 months during twelve sessions to stepwise increase adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research cancer prevention guidelines on healthy diet and physical activity. The control group did not receive lifestyle coaching. Changes in cancer-related fatigue from baseline to 6 months were assessed with the FACIT (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy) - Fatigue Scale. As a secondary outcome, we assessed changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Higher scores indicate less fatigue and better HRQoL. Eighty participants were randomised to the intervention group; eighty-one to the control group. Baseline characteristics were similar: mean age 64·1 (sd 10·9) years; 55·3 % were women; and 72 % had colon cancer. There were favourable changes in dietary behaviours and physical activity in the intervention group; the control group did not show changes to the same extent. The programme did not result in statistically significant differential changes over time between intervention and control group in cancer-related fatigue (0·8; 95 % CI -1·6, 3·2) or HRQoL (1·3; 95 % CI -2·2, 4·8). A person-centred lifestyle programme improved the lifestyle of CRC survivors, but the programme was not effective in reducing cancer-related fatigue or in improving HRQoL.

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is common among pregnant women (PW) and has been associated with anaemia and adverse birth outcomes. However, in the Free State Province of South Africa, evidence regarding this is limited. Hence, this cross-sectional study investigated the vitA intake and status of PW in Bloemfontein and its association with anaemia, iron status and birth outcomes. Blood was taken from 427 PW to assess status of vitA (retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)), iron (ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor), and anaemia (haemoglobin (Hb)). Sociodemographic, HIV, birth outcomes (birth weight and gestational age), and dietary vitA intake data were obtained using a questionnaire in an interview and medical records. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to describe variables and association between vitA and iron status and birth outcomes. Median vitA intake was 1007µgRAE/d, with 19% of participants' intake below the EAR of 550µg/d. Median (IQR) RBP4 concentration was 1.51 (0.78) µmol/L. Insufficient vitA and VAD prevalence was 12.2% and 1.2%, respectively. VitA intake was positively associated with RBP4 (β=0.068; 95%CI: 0.020, 0.116; p=0.006). RBP4 was positively associated with Hb (β=0.363; 95%CI: 0.186, 0.539; p <0.001) and ferritin (β=0.359; 95%CI: 0.139, 0.579; p=0.001) but negatively with sTfR (β=-0.125; 95%CI: -0.246, -0.005, p=0.041). No significant association between plasma RBP4 and birth weight, as well as preterm birth was observed. There was a low prevalence of VAD in the study population. Nonetheless, the positive association between RBP4 and Hb, and ferritin highlights the importance of optimal vitA status in preventing maternal anaemia in pregnancy.

This study investigated changes in serum folate and B₁₂, and associations with endurance performance and bone outcomes, in women during military training. Women (n 137) had serum folate and B₁₂, haematological markers and endurance performance (2·4 km run) measured at the start (week 1) and end (week 13) of British Army basic training. Whole-body areal bone mineral density and markers of bone metabolism were measured at week 1. Training decreased serum folate (mean change (95 % CI), -2·3 (-3·0, -1·6) nmol ∙ l^-1, P < 0·001), B₁₂ (-16 (-32, 0) pmol ∙ l^-1, P = 0·042), Hb (-0·7 (-0·9, -0·5) g ∙ dl^-1, P < 0·001) and erythrocyte count (-0·2 (-0·3, -0·2) × 10^9 ∙ l^-1, P < 0·001), but had no effect on mean corpuscular volume (P = 0·438) or erythrocyte distribution width (P = 0·088). There was no association between serum folate, serum B₁₂, Hb or erythrocyte count with run time (P ≥ 0·518). Serum B₁₂ was not associated with areal bone mineral density or bone metabolism at week 1 (P ≥ 0·152). Higher serum folate was associated with lower plasma c-telopeptide cross-links of type I collagen (standardised β (95 % CI) = -0·31 (-0·48, -0·15), P < 0·001), but not whole-body bone mineral density or plasma procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P ≥ 0·152). Serum folate and B₁₂ decreased after military training in women, resulting in a high prevalence of folate deficiencies at the end of training. Low serum folate may contribute to increased bone resorption, the implications of which are unclear.

Previous estimations of the associations between fruits and vegetables intake with diabetes markers showed mixed results, possibly partly because of the subjective assessment of dietary intake. We aimed to examine the relationship between the biomarkers (plasma carotenoids and α-tocopherol) as objective markers of fruit and vegetables (F/V) intake and fasting glucose in adults. This was a population-based cross-sectional study in 592 adults in Cameroon. Self-reported F/V intake was assessed using the WHO STEPS questionnaire and the biomarkers were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. The mean age of participants was 38.5±8.6 years (63.7% women). The median (IQR) number of times participants self-reported consuming fruits in a typical week was 2(1-5) times/week and vegetables was 4(2-7) times/week. Plasma total carotenoids was positively correlated with self-reported intake of fruits (r=0.13) and vegetables (r = 0.29), both p-value < 0.01. In unadjusted analysis, the difference in fasting glucose comparing the highest against the lowest tertile of the biomarkers concentrations was -0.28(95% CI -0.56 to -0.001) mmol/L for total carotenoids and -0.31(-0.59 to -0.03) mmol/L for plasma α-carotene. The inverse associations became stronger after adjusting for socio-demographics, smoking status, alcohol intake, season, physical activity, BMI and total cholesterol (-0.36(-0.73 to -0.002) mmol/L for total carotenoids and -0.41(-0.79 to -0.03) mmol/L for α-carotene). There was no evidence of an association between α-tocopherol and fasting glucose. We showed an inverse association of total carotenoids and α-carotene, objective indicators of F/V intake with fasting glucose. This suggests that a higher intake of F/V could be beneficial for diabetes prevention in African populations in whom the intake of F/V is low.

Grip strength is a simple and practical method for evaluating overall muscle strength and a key health biomarker that is linked to sarcopenia, chronic conditions and overall mortality. Although protein intake plays a vital role in muscle protein synthesis, its association with grip strength in adults remains unclear. This study examined the cross-sectional relationship between total, animal and plant protein intake and grip strength among local government workers in Japan. Participants were 349 workers (175 men and 174 women; mean age, 42·9 years; range, 19-71 years) who received a health check-up and participated in a nutrition and health survey. Protein intake was assessed using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Grip strength was measured with a digital dynamometer. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted means of grip strength according to the tertile of protein intake. Higher animal protein intake was significantly associated with higher grip strength in women, but not in men. After adjustment for covariates including lifestyle and dietary factors, mean (95 % CI) grip strength for the lowest through highest tertile of animal protein intake was 24·6 (21·7, 27·5) kg, 25·8 (22·9, 28·7) kg and 26·8 (23·7, 29·9) kg (P_{for trend} = 0·015) in women. No association was found between total and plant protein intake and grip strength in either men or women. These findings suggest that animal protein is important for muscle strength in women, with potential sex differences in the relationship between protein intake and grip strength.

Se is an important micronutrient that plays a key role in brain development. Only a few studies have explored the associations between prenatal maternal Se concentration and motor development in early infancy. We have previously described that 36 % of pregnant Nepalese women had Se concentration below the cut-off of 71·1 µg/l in early pregnancy. In the current cohort study, we aimed to describe the association between maternal plasma Se concentration and infant motor development measured at 8–12 weeks of age. From a cohort of 800 Nepalese mother–infant pairs, we included 711 dyads with available data on maternal Se concentration and motor development scores. Maternal Se concentration was measured in plasma samples collected within 15 weeks of gestation using inductively coupled plasma MS. Motor development was measured by the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP). We examined the association between Se concentration and the TIMP scores in regression models adjusted for age of the mother and socioeconomic status. There was no association between maternal Se concentration and the TIMP scores (coefficient for the total TIMP score: −0·035 (95 % CI: −0·105, 0·036). In conclusion, even though a considerable proportion of the women had Se concentration below the cut-off of 71·1 µg/l, there was no association between maternal Se concentration and early motor development in their infants. Our findings do not support Se supplementation during pregnancy to enhance early infant motor development. However, Se may still be essential for other aspects of maternal and infant health.