British Journal of Nutrition最新文献

The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provides a consensus-based diagnostic framework for malnutrition in hospitalized patients which includes at least one phenotypic and one etiologic criterion. In GLIM, Appendicular Skeletal Muscle based on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (ASM_BIA) and calf circumference (CC) are two commonly techniques for muscle mass assessment, but their accuracy remains debated. Therefore, current study evaluates the prevalence of malnutrition upon hospital admission applied by GLIM criteria and mainly compares the effectiveness of ASM_BIA and CC. We screened a total of 605 patients from four hospitals in Indonesia (August-October 2024). Multivariate logistic regression analyzed associations with clinical outcomes. Prevalence of malnutrition was 72.7% using three phenotypes, 55.9% with two phenotypes, 22.1% via ASM_BIA, and 62.6% using CC. Significant associations (p < 0.05) were found between malnutrition and weight loss, BMI, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), handgrip strength (HGS), sarcopenia, and fat-free mass index (FFMI). For all criteria combinations, sensitivity was greater in CC (86.1%), followed by two phenotypes (76.8%), while the ASM_BIA had the poorest sensitivity (30.5%). All GLIM-based diagnostic methods correlated with malnutrition risk screening and nutrition status indicators. The GLIM criteria provide a standardized, clinically relevant approach for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalized patients, with CC emerging as a highly sensitive assessment to examine muscle mass.

There is limited research on the association between soda consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the relationship between soda consumption and MetS in Korean adults, stratified by sex, and compared differences before and after the pandemic using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2021). A total of 13,051 adults aged 19-64 years were included. Soda consumption was assessed using 24-hour recall and categorized into five groups (nondrinkers and four quartiles). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetS and its components. After adjusting for multiple covariates, no significant association was found between soda consumption and MetS overall. However, adults in the highest quartile of soda consumption (≥373g/day) had higher risks of abdominal obesity (P-trend=0.006) and hypertriglyceridemia (P-trend=0.003), compared to nondrinkers. When analyzed by gender, women in the highest quartile of soda consumption (≥315g/day) had significantly increased risks: MetS by 70% (OR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.08-2.68), abdominal obesity by 63% (OR=1.63; 95% CI:1.12-2.38), hypertriglyceridemia by 83%(OR=1.83; 95% CI:1.23-2.74), and low HDL cholesterol by 46%(OR=1.46; 95% CI:1.06-2.01), whereas no significant associations were observed in men. Post-pandemic analysis revealed a significant association between high soda consumption (≥ 416g/day) and MetS (OR=1.56; 95% CI:1.04-2.34), which was not significant in the pre-pandemic period (P-interaction=0.031). These findings suggest that high soda consumption may increase the risk of MetS, particularly among Korean women.

Menopausal age represents the endpoint of the entire reproductive cycle of women, and it is a biological marker that indicates the overall health and aging status of women. Flavonoids are the most common polyphenolic compounds in the daily diet, and their intake is related to reduced risks of certain diseases. Our study aimed to analyze the relationships between the intake of flavonoids and menopausal age. We selected 29,940 participants from NHANES database from 2007-2008, 2009-2010 and 2017-2018. A total of 680 participants were included in our analysis after screening. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the association between dietary flavonoid subclasses intake and menopausal delay (≥ 55 years old). RCS plots were generated to reveal the nonlinear relationships between the subclasses of flavonoids intake and menopausal age. According to the adjusted multiple factor logistic regression analysis, the top quartile intake (compared with bottom intake) of anthocyanidins was positively associated with delayed menopause (OR = 4.123; 95% CI: 1.130, 15.041; p trend = 0.036), whereas the moderate intake of flavonols was negatively associated with delayed menopause (Q2 vs. Q1, OR = 0.081 (95% CI: 0.025, 0.261), p trend = 0.001; Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.271 (95% CI: 0.093, 0.791), p trend = 0.023). The RCS revealed that non-linear association was observed between the intake of isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, flavonols and later menopause (p-value for non-linearity < 0.05). Our findings suggest that specific dietary flavonoids intake may have potential roles in regulating menopausal timing.

This study systematically evaluates the effects of probiotic interventions on gut microbiota and clinical outcomes in diabetic patients to determine the optimal target population and conditions for effective use, with an emphasis on precision treatment. A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), and Wanfang databases until April 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing probiotics as adjunctive therapy for diabetes were included. The control group received standard care, and the intervention group received probiotics alongside standard care. Data were managed with Endnote and Excel, and analyses were conducted using Revman 5.3 and Stata 16. Twelve RCTs involving 1,113 participants were included. Probiotics significantly increased fecal Lactobacillus (standardized mean difference (SMD) 1.42, P < 0.0001, I² = 95%) and Bifidobacterium levels (SMD 1.27, P < 0.0001, I² = 90%) and reduced fasting plasma glucose (SMD -0.35, P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis showed that shorter intervention durations (≤3 months) improved FPG, HbA1c, and Bifidobacterium levels, while younger patients (≤60 years) experienced the most significant improvements in Bifidobacterium levels. In conclusion, probiotics improve gut microbiota and clinical outcomes in diabetic patients, with intervention duration and patient age as key factors influencing treatment effectiveness.

Due to the high prevalence of depression among young adults, identifying prevention strategies during young adulthood are crucial. Dietary polyphenols have been associated with depression in older cohorts; however, the association remains unclear, particularly in young adults. This study aimed to assess the prospective association between the intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and polyphenol subclasses with depressive symptoms in young adults. Data from 1,484 Raine Study Generation 2 participants [52.7% female; baseline mean age (SD): 20 (0.5)] at the -20, -22, and -27 year follow-ups (N = 964, 979, and 1,094, respectively), with overlap across follow-ups, were used. Energy-adjusted polyphenol intake was estimated from food frequency questionnaire data using our expansion of the AUSNUT 2011-13 and Phenol-Explorer to include polyphenol content data and categorised into quartiles. The primary outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms assessed via the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale averaged across the three timepoints. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between the polyphenol intake exposures and depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle- and health-related behaviours were adjusted for. Participants in the highest quartiles for flavonol and hydroxybenzoic acid intake had lower depressive symptoms across time than participants in the lowest quartiles [flavonols (Q4 v Q1 mean difference: -1.41, 95%CIs: -2.51, -0.31); hydroxybenzoic acids (Q4 v Q1: -1.42, 95%CIs: -2.54, -0.29)]. We found no evidence of a highest versus lowest association for all other polyphenol categories. Future studies are required to investigate whether increasing polyphenol intake could protect against depression in young adults.

Total energy expenditure (TEE) is estimated as the product of BMR and a spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific factor. The agreement between TEE and total energy intake (TEI) was just established. The findings suggested the existence of positive and negative energy balance distributions. Forty-two males with chronic SCI underwent BMR followed by a detailed metabolic profile after an overnight fast. TEI and macronutrients of 3-d dietary logs were analysed using the Nutrition Data System for Research software. Energy surplus was calculated as TEE minus TEI. Body composition assessment was conducted using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. 57 % of SCI participants were classified as negative energy surplus with an average TEI of 1284 (sd 422) compared with 2197 (sd 553) kcal/d in the positive energy group (P = 0·0002). Negative energy group had a higher BMR (9 %; P = 0·02), greater body weight (P = 0·03) and greater total body lean mass (P = 0·03) and consumed a greater percentage of protein compared with the positive energy group. Percentage macronutrients of protein explained 27 % of the variance of energy surplus in a multivariate regression model (r² 0·27; P = 0·008). TEI adjusted to fat-free mass explained 87 % of the variance in energy surplus, and an intake of 34·7 kcal/kg per d was recommended to balance TEI with TEE. Persons with SCI are either classified into negative or positive energy surplus groups. Larger body weight and greater protein intakes are among the major characteristics of the negative energy group. Clinicians may need to consider the spectrum of energy balance before starting a dietary regimen after SCI.

This study aimed to investigate 1) the longitudinal associations between food patterns and body weight in young adulthood, and 2) how food patterns of young adults relate to food consumption in early, middle and late childhood. The study sample includes 700 participants of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. During childhood, frequency of consumption of various foods was reported on ten occasions between 1.5 and 13 years. At age 22 years, food frequency questions (with quantities) were used to derive four food patterns (labeled healthy, beverage-rich, protein-rich, and high-energy-density) through exploratory factor analysis. Self-reported height and weight were collected at 22 and 23 years. Regression analyses were performed to assess associations between 1) food patterns and weight outcomes a year later (BMI, BMI change, and overweight status); 2) frequency of consumption of eight food groups in childhood and food patterns in adulthood. Dietary habits characterised by the consumption of vegetables, fruit, plant-based sources of protein and whole-grain cereal products were related to a lower risk of obesity a year later. Conversely, dietary habits characterised by a high consumption of energy-dense foods, of animal sources of proteins and, among women, of high quantities of liquids were associated with higher risk of excess weight a year later. Healthier food choices in childhood were associated with healthier food patterns in young adulthood. These findings reinforce the value of preventive dietary interventions in the early years to foster eating environments that favour healthy eating and healthy weights in adulthood.

This study has investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota compotision and the growth performance in pigs from birth to the finishing stage, focusing on nutrient metabolism. Of 59 crossbred pigs [(Landrace × Large Yorkshire) × Duroc] from seven sows, individuals with high and low daily gain (DG) were assigned to high DG (HDG, n = 11) and low DG (LDG, n = 8) groups. Fecal samples collected at weaning (21 days), growing (95-106 days) and finishing (136-152 days) stages were analyzed for amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, and microbial composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. Although birth and weaning weights were similar in both groups, the HDG group had significantly higher weights in the growing and finishing stages (P < 0.01). The microbial composition of the LDG group revealed a higher abundance of f_Lachnospiraceae;__ at weaning (P < 0.05), whereas the HDG group contained higher abundance of g_Streptococcus and g_Prevotella 7 at the finishing stage (P < 0.05). Functional analysis revealed increased amino acid metabolism in the HDG group at the finishing stage (P < 0.05). During the growing stage, total free fecal amino acid content was low in the HDG group (P < 0.05); at weaning, levels of isobutyric and isovaleric acids, key amino acid fermentation products (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), were higher. These findings indicate growth stage-specific differences in the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles between groups with different growth performance, suggesting microbial and metabolic characteristics may influence growth performance.

Body composition (BC) offers essential insights into the physical condition and performance capacity of athletes. Several factors can influence athletes' BC, such as nutrition, which can improve lean mass (LM) and body fat percentage (%BF). This longitudinal observational study aimed to investigate the factors influencing BC in professional female football players, including hormones, dietary habits, and physical activity, as these are relevant to their sport performance and health. Data related to dietary habits, DXA measurements, serum hormones, menstruation, and GPS metrics were collected in November 2023 and late March 2024 from 38 female football players from the Real Sociedad team. Of the 38 players enrolled, 35 completed all assessments and were included in the final analyses. Spearman correlations and linear regression analyses were performed. Statistically significant models were executed for %BF and LM (adjusted R² = 0.55 and 0.47 respectively). For %BF, total testosterone had a positive influence while HSR (high-speed running) per minute, FSH, distance covered per minute, prolactin, and fat intake, influenced negatively. In the LM model, positive associations were total testosterone, progesterone, age, ACTH, and carbohydrate intake, while insulin, distance covered per minute, and, SHBG had negative associations. These results emphasise the complexity of the factors influencing BC in female football players. Personalising and periodising carbohydrate intake and monitoring training loads are crucial to prevent adverse effects like higher %BF and muscle catabolism. Establishing healthy nutritional practices is essential for long-term health and performance.

The effect of the Japanese diet on cancer incidence remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the Japanese diet and the risk of all-cause and site-specific cancer. We analysed 14-year follow-up data from the Osaki Cohort study of 25 570 Japanese men and women aged 40–79 years. The Japanese diet was evaluated using a thirty-nine-item FFQ at baseline. Based on a previous study, we used eight food items to calculate the Japanese Diet Index score: rice, miso soup, seaweed, pickles, green and yellow vegetables, seafood, green tea and beef and pork. The participants were divided into quartiles based on their Japanese Diet Index scores. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95 % CI of cancer incidence. During the mean 10·4 years of follow-up, we identified 3161 incident cases of all-cause cancer. Multivariable analysis showed that the Japanese Diet Index score was not associated with cancer incidence. In comparison with Q1 (the lowest), the multivariable hazard ratios and 95 % CI were 1·01 (0·92, 1·12) for Q2, 0·94 (0·85, 1·04) for Q3 and 1·06 (0·95, 1·18) for Q4 (the highest). Furthermore, separate analyses of nine common cancer sites demonstrated no association with the Japanese Diet Index score. The results were consistent even after a sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation. This prospective study showed that the Japanese diet was not associated with cancer incidence. The results suggest that the Japanese diet could contribute to a person’s overall health and well-being without increasing cancer risk.