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The Effects of Desk Cycles in Elementary Children’s Classroom Physical Activity: A Feasibility Study 课桌周期对小学儿童课堂体育活动的影响:可行性研究
Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.1910608
Alicia L Fedewa, H. Erwin, Soyeon Ahn, S. Alawadi
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引用次数: 0
Primitive reflex retention and attention among preschool children 学龄前儿童的原始反射保留与注意
Pub Date : 2021-04-04 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.1910606
J. Hickey, Diana R. Feldhacker
ABSTRACT Primitive reflexes are a critical part of early development but eventually integrate to give rise to volitional and cortically directed movements and higher-level cognitive skills. Failure to integrate these reflexes in a developmentally appropriate stage has shown correlation with developmental delays which affect occupational participation. Retention of reflexes may be linked to academic difficulties, including attention deficits in the classroom. The purpose of this study was to explore prevalence of primitive reflex activity among 4- to 6-year-old children and to understand the relationship between primitive reflex activity and attention. A total of 27 preschool students were screened for 7 primitive reflexes as well as attention utilizing the SNAP-IV. Overall, 100% of the students had at least 1 retained reflex, with STNR being the most common (81.4%). Males demonstrated more reflex activity than females for 6 of the 7 tested reflexes. A significant difference was found between males and females for scores within the inattention subtest of the SNAP-IV, with males scoring higher for inattention. Correlational analyses indicated a statistically significant relationship among males between ATNR activity and opposition/defiance as well as retention of Moro and inattention. Though ongoing research is indicated, the findings of this study support prior research which indicates a need for early screening of primitive reflexes as client factors which could impact occupational performance.
原始反射是早期发育的重要组成部分,但最终整合到产生意志和皮层指导的运动和更高水平的认知技能。未能将这些反射整合到一个发育适当的阶段与影响职业参与的发育迟缓有关。反射的保留可能与学习困难有关,包括课堂上的注意力缺陷。本研究的目的是探讨4 ~ 6岁儿童原始反射活动的普遍性,并了解原始反射活动与注意的关系。采用SNAP-IV对27名学龄前儿童进行7项基本反射及注意能力的筛选。总的来说,100%的学生至少有1个保留反射,其中STNR最常见(81.4%)。男性在7项反射测试中的6项比女性表现出更多的反射活动。在SNAP-IV的注意力不集中子测试中,男性和女性的得分有显著差异,男性的注意力不集中得分更高。相关分析表明,男性ATNR活动与反对/反抗、Moro保留和注意力不集中之间存在显著的相关关系。虽然研究仍在进行中,但本研究的结果支持了先前的研究,即需要早期筛选原始反射作为可能影响职业绩效的客户因素。
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引用次数: 5
Behavioral Signs of Cerebral Visual Impairment in Very Low Birth Weight Infants 极低出生体重儿脑视觉障碍的行为体征
Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2020.1822258
Nancy Stockall, Corinna Villar Cole, Alma Contreras-Vanegas
ABSTRACT In this article, the authors identify possible indicators of cerebral visual impairments (CVI) in young children. Noticing the signs of cerebral visual impairment can assist occupational therapists in the early detection and therapy planning for preschoolers in early intervention programs. Several instructional models are described to meet the individual needs of children with CVI.
在这篇文章中,作者确定了幼儿脑视觉障碍(CVI)的可能指标。注意到大脑视觉障碍的迹象可以帮助职业治疗师在早期干预项目中对学龄前儿童进行早期发现和治疗计划。本文描述了几种教学模式,以满足CVI儿童的个性化需求。
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引用次数: 0
The CHANCE Program: A Pilot Occupational Therapy Vocational Program for Young Adults with Special Needs in Secondary Education CHANCE计划:一项针对中等教育中有特殊需要的年轻人的试点职业治疗职业计划
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.1898518
J. George
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引用次数: 0
Impact of the Ready to Learn and Play Framework on Occupational Performance for Students with Autism in the School Setting: A Pilot Study 准备学习和游戏框架对学校环境下自闭症学生职业表现的影响:一项试点研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.1898517
Janis J. Leinfuss, Michele Karnes
ABSTRACT Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have sensory processing difficulties, which impact their participation in daily occupations. This pilot study investigated a newly developed Ready to Learn and Play sensory regulation framework for addressing sensory regulation challenges for individuals with ASD in a school setting. De-identified data were analyzed to compare Short Child Occupational Profile (SCOPE) scores at pretest and posttest for children receiving school-based occupational therapy programming alone or Ready to Learn and Play sensory regulation framework in addition to occupational therapy programming. Though both groups demonstrated improvement in occupational performance from pretest to posttest, the intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement (p= .000214) in SCOPE scores when compared to the control group. The Ready to Learn and Play framework shows promise as an emerging evidence-based intervention to positively impact student’s occupational performance in the school setting.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)患者通常存在感觉加工困难,这影响了他们对日常职业的参与。这项试点研究调查了一个新开发的准备学习和游戏感觉调节框架,以解决ASD患者在学校环境中的感觉调节挑战。对去识别数据进行分析,以比较单独接受以学校为基础的职业治疗计划或准备学习和游戏感官调节框架以及职业治疗计划的儿童在测试前和测试后的短儿童职业简介(SCOPE)分数。虽然两组从测试前到测试后都表现出职业表现的改善,但干预组在SCOPE得分上与对照组相比有统计学上显著的改善(p= 0.000214)。准备学习和游戏框架作为一种新兴的基于证据的干预措施,有望对学生在学校环境中的职业表现产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 1
Theory and Evidence for Pre-printing Development: A Scoping Review 印刷前发展的理论和证据:范围审查
Pub Date : 2021-03-03 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.1875388
E. Klein, Ivonne Montgomery, J. Zwicker
ABSTRACT Occupational therapists often address pre-printing skills in young children, but the evidence supporting such practice has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize and evaluate pre-printing literature and outline a theoretical framework to inform best practice. Utilizing PRISMA guidelines and scoping review methodology, two independent reviewers selected articles for abstract and full-text review and rated the level of evidence of each article. Most of the 98 articles that were included were low levels of evidence, often based on “expert” opinion. Two theoretical approaches emerged based on printing skill prerequisites and development. Occupational therapy research appears to follow a neurodevelopmental approach, which describes a prescriptive developmental sequence with direct instruction, leading to mastery of pre-printing shapes, strokes and skills. An emergent literacy approach is prominent in education literature. This approach also incorporates developmental considerations, but is less prescriptive and more focused on a literacy-rich, curricular approach to pre-printing instruction. An emergent literacy approach encourages children to experiment with printing, matching task demands with the child’s natural printing development, without prescriptive mastery of certain skills. We propose an integrated theoretical framework, to capture both educator and therapist expertise, to facilitate a more collaborative approach when guiding pre-printing development both for typically developing children and children with developmental challenges. Evidence from this scoping review will be used to develop a pre-printing program based on an integrated theoretical framework. This combined approach may prevent confusion and conflicting information about printing readiness, and thus allow occupational therapists, early childhood educators, kindergarten teachers, and parents to provide consistent guidance and learning opportunities for young children to learn pre-printing skills.
职业治疗师经常解决幼儿的预印技能,但支持这种做法的证据尚未得到彻底调查。本次范围审查的目的是总结和评估印刷前的文献,并概述一个理论框架,以告知最佳实践。利用PRISMA指南和范围审查方法,两位独立的审稿人选择文章进行摘要和全文审查,并对每篇文章的证据水平进行评级。被纳入的98篇文章中,大多数都是低水平的证据,通常基于“专家”意见。根据印刷术的先决条件和发展,出现了两种理论方法。职业治疗研究似乎遵循了一种神经发育的方法,它描述了一个有直接指导的规范性发展序列,导致对印刷前形状、笔画和技能的掌握。新兴读写方法在教育文献中占有重要地位。这种方法也包含了发展方面的考虑,但不那么规范,而更侧重于对印刷前的教学采取丰富的识字课程方法。一种新兴的识字方法鼓励孩子们尝试印刷,将任务要求与孩子的自然印刷发展相匹配,而不需要对某些技能的规范掌握。我们提出了一个综合的理论框架,以捕捉教育工作者和治疗师的专业知识,以促进在指导正常发育儿童和有发育挑战的儿童的印前开发时采用更具协作性的方法。从这个范围审查的证据将用于开发一个基于综合理论框架的印前计划。这种结合的方法可以防止关于印刷准备的混淆和矛盾的信息,从而允许职业治疗师,早期儿童教育者,幼儿园教师和家长为幼儿学习印刷前技能提供一致的指导和学习机会。
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引用次数: 4
Pilot Study of a Play-based Intervention Enrichment Program Using Board Games, for Mothers and Children from a Culturally Challenged Immigrant Group 针对来自文化挑战移民群体的母亲和儿童,以棋盘游戏为基础的游戏干预丰富计划的试点研究
Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.1884634
Anat Golos, Shlomit Freiman
ABSTRACT Play is a central occupation of children, contributing to their development. Play opportunities depend on physical, social, and cultural environments. Family-focused programs need to be developed and adapted to diverse populations. This study endeavored to evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term intervention enrichment program for a group of mothers and children from a cultural immigrant group in Israel, which focused on playing board games together. Twelve mothers and 12 children participated in a play-based program. A demographic questionnaire and a set of adapted PAPI questionnaires were used to examine mothers’ levels of knowledge and self-efficacy relating to playing board games, as well as children’s participation before and after intervention. Qualitative information was also collected, as well as mothers’ satisfaction levels. A significant improvement (p < .006; ɳ 2 > .14) was found in some items relating to mothers’ knowledge, awareness, and self-efficacy resulting from play, and relating to children’s participation in play. Three months post intervention, a nonsignificant decrease was found in comparison to immediate post-intervention scores. The mothers reported a high level of satisfaction with the program. Short-term programs focusing on board game-playing among mothers and children from a cultural immigrant group may have the potential to strengthen parental knowledge, awareness, and self-efficacy relating to playing board games, and may improve their children’s participation in leisure play. Possible change mechanisms include occupational-based intervention, a family-centered approach, and environmental and cultural adaptations. The results suggest the need for developing culturally sensitive programs for diverse cultural groups. Future studies are needed among diverse populations, using additional assessments and control groups.
游戏是儿童的核心活动,有助于他们的发展。游戏机会取决于身体、社会和文化环境。需要制定以家庭为重点的方案,并使之适应不同的人群。本研究旨在评估一组来自以色列文化移民群体的母亲和儿童的短期干预丰富计划的有效性,该计划侧重于一起玩棋盘游戏。12位母亲和12名儿童参加了一个以游戏为基础的项目。一份人口调查问卷和一套改编的PAPI调查问卷被用来检查母亲在玩棋盘游戏方面的知识水平和自我效能,以及干预前后儿童的参与情况。还收集了定性信息,以及母亲的满意度。显著改善(p < 0.006;[2 > .14]在与母亲因游戏而产生的知识、意识、自我效能感和与儿童参与游戏有关的一些项目中均有显著差异。干预后三个月,与立即干预后评分相比,发现无显著下降。母亲们对这个项目的满意度很高。在来自文化移民群体的母亲和孩子中进行短期的棋盘游戏项目,可能会加强父母对棋盘游戏的知识、意识和自我效能感,并可能提高他们的孩子在休闲游戏中的参与度。可能的改变机制包括以职业为基础的干预、以家庭为中心的方法以及环境和文化适应。研究结果表明,有必要为不同文化群体开发文化敏感节目。未来的研究需要在不同的人群中进行,使用额外的评估和对照组。
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引用次数: 0
Promoting Social-Emotional Development In Children Experiencing Economic Hardship Using TBRI® Nurture Group© 利用TBRI®培育小组促进经济困难儿童的社会情感发展©
Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.1884633
S. Cerny, Jessica Reishus, Wade Robinson, Shelby Beckman, Erin Buse, Reina I Sebastian, Jaimie Smith
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of occupational therapy group intervention using Trust Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®) Nurture Groups© on preschool children’s social, emotional, and behavioral development in a Head Start program. This study used a retrospective mixed method, quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent groups and pretest-posttest measures. The intervention site teaching staff participated in 16 hours of TBRI® Caregiver training and the children participated in 12 weeks of Nurture Group© interventions. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Teaching Strategies GOLD® (TSG) assessment measured child development in social, emotional, and behavioral domains. The intervention site teaching staff participated in a focus group to determine their perceptions of the intervention’s effectiveness. This data was evaluated using grounded theory methodology. SDQ: The children experienced statistically significant changes in the emotional symptoms and prosocial behavior domains. TSG: Results indicated a statistically significant main effect of site on objectives of Forms Relationships with Adults, Responds to Emotional Cues, and Balances Needs & Rights of Self and Others. Themes identified from qualitative analysis illustrated how the teachers highly valued the TBRI® training and adapted their teaching strategies to incorporate the TBRI® principles of empowering, connecting, and correcting. Teaching staff reported increased perceived social-emotional skills in the children and detailed how the children’s behavior changed to demonstrate these skills. Occupational therapy group intervention supports the social-emotional development of children attending Head Start. Occupational therapy practitioners need to engage in universal and targeted approaches to promote resiliency in this population of at-risk children.
摘要本研究旨在探讨基于信任的关系干预®(TBRI®)教养团体©对学前儿童社会、情感和行为发展的影响。本研究采用回顾性混合方法,准实验设计与非等效组和前测后测措施。干预现场的教学人员参加了16小时的TBRI®护理人员培训,儿童参加了12周的Nurture Group©干预。优势和困难问卷(SDQ)和教学策略GOLD®(TSG)评估衡量儿童在社会、情感和行为领域的发展。干预现场的教学人员参加了一个焦点小组,以确定他们对干预效果的看法。这些数据使用扎根理论方法进行评估。SDQ:儿童在情绪症状和亲社会行为领域经历了统计学上显著的变化。TSG:结果显示,网站在与成人建立关系、对情感线索的反应、平衡自我和他人的需求与权利的目标上有统计学上显著的主要作用。从定性分析中确定的主题说明了教师如何高度重视TBRI®培训,并调整了他们的教学策略,以融入TBRI®授权、联系和纠正原则。教学人员报告说,孩子们感知到的社会情感技能有所提高,并详细说明了孩子们的行为是如何改变的,以展示这些技能。职业治疗小组干预支持儿童的社会情感发展。职业治疗从业者需要采取普遍和有针对性的方法来促进这一高危儿童群体的恢复能力。
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引用次数: 1
The Relationship between Children’s Sensory Processing and Executive Functions: An Exploratory Study 儿童感觉加工与执行功能关系的探索性研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.1875386
T. Brown, Emma Swayn, J. M. Pérez Mármol
ABSTRACT Sensory processing and executive functioning have been studied extensively as individual concepts in primary school children, yet little literature exists that has examined the relationship between these two factors. This study investigated the association between sensory processing and executive functioning in school-aged children. Parents of 40 typically developing children ( = 7.42 years, SD = 0.95; 20 males and 20 females) completed the Sensory Profile 2 (SP-2) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, Second Edition (BRIEF-2). Spearman rho correlations and multiple linear regressions with bootstrapping were used to examine possible associations. Regression analysis findings indicated that all models were found to be statistically significant (p ≤ .001) with adjusted R2 values ranging from .30-.76. The SP-2 Avoiding, Sensitivity and Registration quadrant subscales were found to be significant predictors of the four BRIEF composite index scores. The SP-2 Body Position sensory subscale made unique contributions to the total variance of three BRIEF composite index models (Behavior Regulation Index = 9.7%, p = .01; Emotional Regulation Index = 8.8%, p < .001; Global Executive Composite = 6.3%, p = .01). The SP-2 Conduct behavioral subscale was also a unique contributor to three of the BRIEF composite index models’ total variance (Behavior Regulation Index = 14.5%, p = .01; Cognitive Regulation Index = 8.9%, p = .01; Global Executive Composite = 7.8%, p = .01). Children’s sensory processing and their executive functioning were strongly associated. The regression analyses demonstrated that a statistically significant predictive relationship between sensory processing as measured by the SP-2 and executive function as measured by the BRIEF-2 existed.
感觉加工和执行功能作为个体概念在小学生中得到了广泛的研究,但很少有文献研究这两个因素之间的关系。本研究探讨了学龄儿童感觉加工与执行功能之间的关系。40名典型发育儿童的父母(= 7.42岁,SD = 0.95;20名男性和20名女性完成了感官概况2 (SP-2)和执行功能行为评定量表,第二版(BRIEF-2)。Spearman rho相关和带自举的多元线性回归被用来检验可能的关联。回归分析结果显示,所有模型均具有统计学意义(p≤0.001),调整后的R2值为0.30 ~ 0.76。发现SP-2回避、敏感性和注册象限的子量表是四个BRIEF综合指数得分的显著预测因子。SP-2体位感觉分量表对三个BRIEF综合指数模型的总方差贡献独特(行为调节指数= 9.7%,p = 0.01;情绪调节指数= 8.8%,p < 0.001;Global Executive Composite = 6.3%, p = 0.01)。SP-2行为子量表也是BRIEF综合指数模型中三个总方差的唯一贡献者(行为调节指数= 14.5%,p = 0.01;认知调节指数= 8.9%,p = 0.01;Global Executive Composite = 7.8%, p = 0.01)。儿童的感觉加工和他们的执行功能密切相关。回归分析表明,SP-2测量的感觉加工与BRIEF-2测量的执行功能之间存在统计学上显著的预测关系。
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引用次数: 0
A Demonstration of Knowledge Translation in A Transition Community of Practice 知识翻译在转型实践共同体中的示范
Pub Date : 2021-01-27 DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2021.1875385
Karen Majeski, Sandra Schefkind
ABSTRACT An American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) Transition Community of Practice (CoP) subgroup engaged in a knowledge translation strategy as demonstrated through their process and product development. The CoP members first coalesced regularly to discuss their common interest in promoting occupational therapy’s value and in advancing practices. The CoP subgroup then used a consensus-driven approach to develop and to test a presentation of declarations connecting occupation and postsecondary transition. The subgroup refined the presentation based on feedback solicited at multiple Conferences and CoP meetings. This iterative, community-driven process and product captured practitioner authentic experiences and needs, thereby offering a valuable method for engagement, learning, and growth. The tool, developed by and for practitioners, following the knowledge to action process offers valuable steps to advance the role of occupational therapy in school age transitions to post-school life.
美国职业治疗协会(AOTA)转型实践社区(CoP)小组从事知识翻译策略,通过他们的过程和产品开发证明。工作小组成员首先定期聚在一起讨论他们在促进职业治疗的价值和推进实践方面的共同利益。CoP小组随后使用共识驱动的方法来开发和测试将职业和中学后过渡联系起来的声明。小组根据在多次会议和缔约方会议上征求的反馈意见改进了报告。这种迭代的、社区驱动的过程和产品捕获了实践者真实的经验和需求,从而为参与、学习和成长提供了一种有价值的方法。该工具由从业人员开发,并为从业人员开发,遵循从知识到行动的过程,为促进职业治疗在学龄过渡到毕业后生活中的作用提供了有价值的步骤。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of occupational therapy, schools & early intervention
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