Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.62
Kosuke Taniguchi, T. Kawai
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a major modification of messenger RNA (mRNA) and long non-coding RNA, plays critical roles in RNA metabolism and function [1]. Among the many types of RNA modification, m6A is the most frequent and abundant chemical post-transcriptional RNA modification [2]. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) is a comprehensive assay to determine the presence of m6A [1]. Since the development of this assay, the functions of m6A have gradually become clearer m6A within coding mRNA are most abundantly observed in the vicinity of the stop codon, especially within the 3'UTR, and they have a consensus sequence of RRACH, where R is a purine and H is any base except for G [1]. m6A is involved in post-transcriptional regulation, especially in determining the stability and lifespan of mRNA [3]. Furthermore, several m6A regulators have been reported, such as the methylating enzyme m6A writer proteins (METTL3, METTL14, METTL16, WTAP), the demethylating enzyme m6A eraser proteins (FTO, ALKBH5), and m6A reader proteins (YTH family) that recognize m6A [3]. The m6A site in mRNA of the same gene differs between cell and tissue types; m6A levels change in response to external stimuli, thereby functioning as a dynamic type of modification that fine-tunes gene expression [4]. Notably, although the levels of mRNA (arising from gene expression) and protein are positively correlated, the correlation is weak; it is not a perfect correlation [5]. Therefore, elucidation of post-transcriptional mRNA regulation through m6A modifications can help clarify the role of genes involved in various cellular events.
{"title":"m6A methylation in the perinatal field","authors":"Kosuke Taniguchi, T. Kawai","doi":"10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.62","url":null,"abstract":"N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a major modification of messenger RNA (mRNA) and long non-coding RNA, plays critical roles in RNA metabolism and function [1]. Among the many types of RNA modification, m6A is the most frequent and abundant chemical post-transcriptional RNA modification [2]. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) is a comprehensive assay to determine the presence of m6A [1]. Since the development of this assay, the functions of m6A have gradually become clearer m6A within coding mRNA are most abundantly observed in the vicinity of the stop codon, especially within the 3'UTR, and they have a consensus sequence of RRACH, where R is a purine and H is any base except for G [1]. m6A is involved in post-transcriptional regulation, especially in determining the stability and lifespan of mRNA [3]. Furthermore, several m6A regulators have been reported, such as the methylating enzyme m6A writer proteins (METTL3, METTL14, METTL16, WTAP), the demethylating enzyme m6A eraser proteins (FTO, ALKBH5), and m6A reader proteins (YTH family) that recognize m6A [3]. The m6A site in mRNA of the same gene differs between cell and tissue types; m6A levels change in response to external stimuli, thereby functioning as a dynamic type of modification that fine-tunes gene expression [4]. Notably, although the levels of mRNA (arising from gene expression) and protein are positively correlated, the correlation is weak; it is not a perfect correlation [5]. Therefore, elucidation of post-transcriptional mRNA regulation through m6A modifications can help clarify the role of genes involved in various cellular events.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69704217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.63
M. Deepak, S. Poonam, Jain Mayank, G. Aparna, M. Ap
Abstract Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity is a disorder of developing retina. The survival rate of preterm infants increased due to advance neonatal care, with a consequent increase in retinopathy of prematurity cases. The aim of our study was to access the incidence of ROP and its risk factors and outcome those who needed treatment. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of preterm infant born in tertiary intensive care unit was conducted from January 2017 to October 2020. 203 newborns were included based on the following criteria, Gestational Age (GA) at birth of ≤ 35 weeks, birth weight of ≤ 2000 gm and babies with GA>35 weeks and BW>2000 if the treating Paediatrician recommended ROP screening due to stormy course in NICU. Data were review to determine the incidence and risk factors of ROP. Neonates were followed up until diseases resolution or until treatment criteria were achieved. Results: Two hundred three babies were enrolled for the study. There were 125 (62.1%) males and 77 (37.9%) females. ROP was seen in 41 babies giving an incidence of 20.2%. About half of cases had stage 1 ROP (51.2%) followed by stage 2 (24.4%), APROP (22%) and stage 3 (2.4%). No case of stage 4 and stage 5 ROP were detected. 7 out of 41 ROP cases were type 1 disease with incidence of 3.4%, and received treatment. A significant association was noted between ROP and PDA, sepsis, PVL, BPD, RDS, Postnatal steroids, oxygen therapy blood transfusion, TPN (P<0.05). No significant association was found for PIH, Preeclampsia, GDM, receiving antenatal steroids, IVH, multiple gestations, SGA, NEC, invasive and non- invasive respiratory support need. Conclusion: This study found incidence of any stage of ROP was 20.2% and incidence of type 1 disease was 3.4%. A significant association was noted between ROP and PDA, sepsis, PVL, BPD, RDS, Postnatal steroids, oxygen therapy blood transfusion, TPN.
{"title":"Incidence and risk factors predisposing to Retinopathy of prematurity and treatment outcome: A Retrospective cohort study","authors":"M. Deepak, S. Poonam, Jain Mayank, G. Aparna, M. Ap","doi":"10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.63","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity is a disorder of developing retina. The survival rate of preterm infants increased due to advance neonatal care, with a consequent increase in retinopathy of prematurity cases. The aim of our study was to access the incidence of ROP and its risk factors and outcome those who needed treatment. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of preterm infant born in tertiary intensive care unit was conducted from January 2017 to October 2020. 203 newborns were included based on the following criteria, Gestational Age (GA) at birth of ≤ 35 weeks, birth weight of ≤ 2000 gm and babies with GA>35 weeks and BW>2000 if the treating Paediatrician recommended ROP screening due to stormy course in NICU. Data were review to determine the incidence and risk factors of ROP. Neonates were followed up until diseases resolution or until treatment criteria were achieved. Results: Two hundred three babies were enrolled for the study. There were 125 (62.1%) males and 77 (37.9%) females. ROP was seen in 41 babies giving an incidence of 20.2%. About half of cases had stage 1 ROP (51.2%) followed by stage 2 (24.4%), APROP (22%) and stage 3 (2.4%). No case of stage 4 and stage 5 ROP were detected. 7 out of 41 ROP cases were type 1 disease with incidence of 3.4%, and received treatment. A significant association was noted between ROP and PDA, sepsis, PVL, BPD, RDS, Postnatal steroids, oxygen therapy blood transfusion, TPN (P<0.05). No significant association was found for PIH, Preeclampsia, GDM, receiving antenatal steroids, IVH, multiple gestations, SGA, NEC, invasive and non- invasive respiratory support need. Conclusion: This study found incidence of any stage of ROP was 20.2% and incidence of type 1 disease was 3.4%. A significant association was noted between ROP and PDA, sepsis, PVL, BPD, RDS, Postnatal steroids, oxygen therapy blood transfusion, TPN.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69704031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.61
Birtukan Assefa, Haymanot Zeleke
Diabetic ketoacidosis remains a relevant problem in children with diabetes. Its incidence is wide ranging across the world due to quality of health care services and socioeconomic circumstances; in resent study in Ethiopia high incidence was observed. The interacting factors for diabetic ketoacidosis development are absolute or relative insulin deficiency. In established diabetes diabetic ketoacidosis develops when treatment fails to adequately control blood glucose concentration. Treatment failure can be due to medication non adherence and relative ineffectiveness of insulin when insulin action is antagonized by physiological stress such as infection and inappropriate storage of insulin at home. Diabetic ketoacidosis and its associated complications can be prevented with proper diabetic education and treatment.
{"title":"Incidence and Predictors of Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Children with Diabetes","authors":"Birtukan Assefa, Haymanot Zeleke","doi":"10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic ketoacidosis remains a relevant problem in children with diabetes. Its incidence is wide ranging across the world due to quality of health care services and socioeconomic circumstances; in resent study in Ethiopia high incidence was observed. The interacting factors for diabetic ketoacidosis development are absolute or relative insulin deficiency. In established diabetes diabetic ketoacidosis develops when treatment fails to adequately control blood glucose concentration. Treatment failure can be due to medication non adherence and relative ineffectiveness of insulin when insulin action is antagonized by physiological stress such as infection and inappropriate storage of insulin at home. Diabetic ketoacidosis and its associated complications can be prevented with proper diabetic education and treatment.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69704241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-805X.21.7.E005
I. Fabuel
{"title":"Application of Herbal Medicine in Infant","authors":"I. Fabuel","doi":"10.36648/2471-805X.21.7.E005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-805X.21.7.E005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69703508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.65
Sayantana Das
Right now, comorbid infections and financial and natural variables, including atmosphere and air contamination, are proposed to add to the territorial contrasts in the predominance of hypersensitive conjunctivitis. Of them, rhinitis has been demonstrated more than once to be essentially connected with hypersensitive conjunctivitis. Their robotic perspectives on relationship with the pervasiveness of foundational hypersensitive sicknesses have been inspected by looking at the birth partner or in vitro examinations.
{"title":"Global aspects of allergic conjunctivitis in children","authors":"Sayantana Das","doi":"10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.65","url":null,"abstract":"Right now, comorbid infections and financial and natural variables, including atmosphere and air contamination, are proposed to add to the territorial contrasts in the predominance of hypersensitive conjunctivitis. Of them, rhinitis has been demonstrated more than once to be essentially connected with hypersensitive conjunctivitis. Their robotic perspectives on relationship with the pervasiveness of foundational hypersensitive sicknesses have been inspected by looking at the birth partner or in vitro examinations.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69704792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.64
W. Novotny, Cynthia P Keel
Swallowed foreign bodies are not uncommon occurrences in young children. The close proximity of the heart to the lower esophagus predisposes the heart and surrounding tissues to injury. Complications include accumulation of blood or air in the pericardial space and perforation through the myocardial wall with development of endocarditis. The inability of children to describe a history of ingestion or related symptoms makes timely diagnosis and treatment challenging. Prompt diagnosis and removal of sharp objects or button batteries may help to avoid esophageal penetration and subsequent cardiac complications. Radio- opaque foreign bodies are often readily identified by plain radiographs but transthoracic sonography of the lower esophagus is an emerging technique for other objects.
{"title":"Swallowed Foreign Bodies that have Cardiac Complications in Children","authors":"W. Novotny, Cynthia P Keel","doi":"10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2471-805X.7.1.64","url":null,"abstract":"Swallowed foreign bodies are not uncommon occurrences in young children. The close proximity of the heart to the lower esophagus predisposes the heart and surrounding tissues to injury. Complications include accumulation of blood or air in the pericardial space and perforation through the myocardial wall with development of endocarditis. The inability of children to describe a history of ingestion or related symptoms makes timely diagnosis and treatment challenging. Prompt diagnosis and removal of sharp objects or button batteries may help to avoid esophageal penetration and subsequent cardiac complications. Radio- opaque foreign bodies are often readily identified by plain radiographs but transthoracic sonography of the lower esophagus is an emerging technique for other objects.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69704783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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