Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00432
Farhana Tasneem, M. Hossain, S. Mahmud, Syed Shafi Ahmed
Background: Candida infections are frequent and major causes of septicemia in neonatal intensive care units and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight preterm infants are especially vulnerable to these devastating infections. Material and methods: A prospective observational study was done from May 2013 to June 2014 in SCABU (Special Care Baby Unit) & ICU (Intensive Care Unit) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka. All neonates admitted with suspected clinical sepsis were analyzed in the study. Among which 30 culture positive candida cases were identified and included in this study. Outcome measures assessed was the incidence of candidemia in our NICU with clinical profiles and associated risk factors. Results: Out of 30 newborns 18 (60%) were preterms, 20% of study population were having a birth weight of <1 kg, 23.3% with a birth weight of 1-1.5 kg and 23.3% with a birth weight of 1.5-2.5 kg. 73.4% of the study population were hospitalized for >1 week. In the study group 56.7% had feed intolerance, 53.3% needed ventilator support, 56.7% had temperature instability, 73.3% had thrombocytopenia 63.3% had apnea and 73.3% had jaundice. The overall survival was 63.3%. Conclusions Low birth weight, prematurity, use of broad spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation and prolonged hospital stay were important risk factors associated with neonatal candidiasis in this study. Thrombocytopenia, feed intolerance, increased requirement for ventilator support, temperature instability, jaundice and apnea were significant clinical parameters noted in babies with culture proven neonatal candidiasis. The overall survival was 63.3% in the study group.
{"title":"Clinical profile of fungal sepsis in new born: a tertiary centre experience from Bangladesh","authors":"Farhana Tasneem, M. Hossain, S. Mahmud, Syed Shafi Ahmed","doi":"10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00432","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Candida infections are frequent and major causes of septicemia in neonatal intensive care units and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight preterm infants are especially vulnerable to these devastating infections. Material and methods: A prospective observational study was done from May 2013 to June 2014 in SCABU (Special Care Baby Unit) & ICU (Intensive Care Unit) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka. All neonates admitted with suspected clinical sepsis were analyzed in the study. Among which 30 culture positive candida cases were identified and included in this study. Outcome measures assessed was the incidence of candidemia in our NICU with clinical profiles and associated risk factors. Results: Out of 30 newborns 18 (60%) were preterms, 20% of study population were having a birth weight of <1 kg, 23.3% with a birth weight of 1-1.5 kg and 23.3% with a birth weight of 1.5-2.5 kg. 73.4% of the study population were hospitalized for >1 week. In the study group 56.7% had feed intolerance, 53.3% needed ventilator support, 56.7% had temperature instability, 73.3% had thrombocytopenia 63.3% had apnea and 73.3% had jaundice. The overall survival was 63.3%. Conclusions Low birth weight, prematurity, use of broad spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation and prolonged hospital stay were important risk factors associated with neonatal candidiasis in this study. Thrombocytopenia, feed intolerance, increased requirement for ventilator support, temperature instability, jaundice and apnea were significant clinical parameters noted in babies with culture proven neonatal candidiasis. The overall survival was 63.3% in the study group.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41822834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00429
M. Engin, F. Erdoğan, Ö. Küçük, M. Kaya
Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is common in children. Especially in children, the majority of accidental deaths occur due to FBA. Morbidity and mortality rates increase, especially in children between the ages of one and four, and as a result of delay in diagnosis. The most common symptoms in patients with FBA are cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, stridor and wheezing. In this case report, a patient who presented with sudden respiratory distress in the Pediatric Emergency Department was presented and the importance of anamnesis and respiratory examination in the diagnosis of FBA was emphasized.
{"title":"Foreign body aspiration in an 11-month-old child; the importance of anamnesis and respiratory examination","authors":"M. Engin, F. Erdoğan, Ö. Küçük, M. Kaya","doi":"10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00429","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is common in children. Especially in children, the majority of accidental deaths occur due to FBA. Morbidity and mortality rates increase, especially in children between the ages of one and four, and as a result of delay in diagnosis. The most common symptoms in patients with FBA are cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, stridor and wheezing. In this case report, a patient who presented with sudden respiratory distress in the Pediatric Emergency Department was presented and the importance of anamnesis and respiratory examination in the diagnosis of FBA was emphasized.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00427
M. Elhalik
Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 1 On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak, as a Public Health Emergency of international concern and later on upgraded the outbreak on 11 March 2020, to a Pandemic. Neonates are a special population who might have different level of risks and susceptibilities to the virus. The risk of in-utero (vertical transmission) transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is anticipated to be low. The risk of perinatal transmission, especially during breastfeeding and the neonate’s risk of developing COVID-19 during the perinatal period are also unknown. Until date, the knowledge is limited on whether rooming-in the neonate with mother (if she is SARS-COV-2 positive) after delivery is a safe practice. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study, which is conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and post-natal wards of Latifa Women and Children Hospital (LWCH), Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). We conducted this study aiming to evaluate and follow up neonates born to SARS-COV-2 positive mothers. In addition, to find out any potential risk factors associated with transmission of infection and elucidate best infection control and management practices. Maternal and neonatal data were collected retrospectively from our electronic medical records. Testing for neonates for SARS-COV-2 infection was done by real time reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtPCR) performed on nasopharyngeal swab samples. Samples are collected at birth (or as soon as possible) and 24-48 hours after the first sample; in case of any positive result, subsequent samples collected after 5-7days (at 24 hours interval), until two consecutive samples were negative. Universal COVID-19 screening for pregnant women presented for delivery was adopted. Results: st 2020 and th 2020, a total of 92 pregnant women were admitted to our hospital and diagnosed positive for SARS- COv-2 infection. Out of which, 35 mothers and their 36 neonates (one was twin delivery) were included for analysis. Two (5.5%) neonates were confirmed positive for SARS-COV-2 infection and one had inconclusive report. All neonates were stable and asymptomatic, and their subsequent rtPCR tests were negative. All the neonates (including the positive cases) were roomed-in together with their mother and exclusive breast-feeding was given unless not feasible. These practices did not increase the risk of neonatal SARS-COV-2 infection. All neonates were discharge home in good condition. Neonates were clinic follow up (outpatient clinic or telephonic) and were found to be in healthy condition. Conclusion: our current study, we found out that transmission rate of SARS-COV-2 from mother to child is minimal if proper identification of infections and proper education to and adherence to infection control practice is ensured. If possible, mother a
{"title":"Clinical profile of neonates delivered from mothers with confirmed COVID-19 infection: An experience from a Tertiary Perinatal Care Center in Dubai, UAE","authors":"M. Elhalik","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00427","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 1 On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak, as a Public Health Emergency of international concern and later on upgraded the outbreak on 11 March 2020, to a Pandemic. Neonates are a special population who might have different level of risks and susceptibilities to the virus. The risk of in-utero (vertical transmission) transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is anticipated to be low. The risk of perinatal transmission, especially during breastfeeding and the neonate’s risk of developing COVID-19 during the perinatal period are also unknown. Until date, the knowledge is limited on whether rooming-in the neonate with mother (if she is SARS-COV-2 positive) after delivery is a safe practice. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study, which is conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and post-natal wards of Latifa Women and Children Hospital (LWCH), Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). We conducted this study aiming to evaluate and follow up neonates born to SARS-COV-2 positive mothers. In addition, to find out any potential risk factors associated with transmission of infection and elucidate best infection control and management practices. Maternal and neonatal data were collected retrospectively from our electronic medical records. Testing for neonates for SARS-COV-2 infection was done by real time reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtPCR) performed on nasopharyngeal swab samples. Samples are collected at birth (or as soon as possible) and 24-48 hours after the first sample; in case of any positive result, subsequent samples collected after 5-7days (at 24 hours interval), until two consecutive samples were negative. Universal COVID-19 screening for pregnant women presented for delivery was adopted. Results: st 2020 and th 2020, a total of 92 pregnant women were admitted to our hospital and diagnosed positive for SARS- COv-2 infection. Out of which, 35 mothers and their 36 neonates (one was twin delivery) were included for analysis. Two (5.5%) neonates were confirmed positive for SARS-COV-2 infection and one had inconclusive report. All neonates were stable and asymptomatic, and their subsequent rtPCR tests were negative. All the neonates (including the positive cases) were roomed-in together with their mother and exclusive breast-feeding was given unless not feasible. These practices did not increase the risk of neonatal SARS-COV-2 infection. All neonates were discharge home in good condition. Neonates were clinic follow up (outpatient clinic or telephonic) and were found to be in healthy condition. Conclusion: our current study, we found out that transmission rate of SARS-COV-2 from mother to child is minimal if proper identification of infections and proper education to and adherence to infection control practice is ensured. If possible, mother a","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-26DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00425
M. Elhalik
Purpose : To investigate the incidence of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. Methods : We conducted a longitudinal, cross-sectional, study that recruited all late preterm and term infants with hyperbilirubinemia who needed for phototherapy at postnatal wards of a tertiary care hospital in UAE through the period from April 2017 to January 2018. Neonates with an inborn error of metabolism, sepsis, or Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were excluded. A non-probability consecutive sampling technique was employed to recruit eligible neonates. Results : The present study included 658 late preterm and term infants with hyperbilirubinemia. The majority of the neonates were females (51.4%) with a median (IQR) birth weight of 2846 (628) grams. Only 29 (4.4%) neonates had a positive family history of G6PD deficiency. Sixty-nine (10.5%) neonates had deficient G6PD activity. The association analysis showed that there were statistically significant associations between the presence of G6PD deficiency and the male gender (p <0.001), low birth weight (p <0.001), and positive family history of G6PD deficiency (p <0.001). Conclusion : In conclusion, the present study showed that about 10% of the neonates admitted for phototherapy had G6PD deficiency in postnatal wards of a tertiary care hospital UAE. This finding highlights the critical role testing for G6PD to all newborns who are receiving phototherapy, especially those with unknown etiology or poor response to phototherapy. Further long-term studies are still needed to confirm our findings.
{"title":"Incidence of G6PD deficiency among neonates with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy at postnatal wards of a tertiary care perinatal center, Dubai, UAE: A longitudinal cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Elhalik","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00425","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : To investigate the incidence of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. Methods : We conducted a longitudinal, cross-sectional, study that recruited all late preterm and term infants with hyperbilirubinemia who needed for phototherapy at postnatal wards of a tertiary care hospital in UAE through the period from April 2017 to January 2018. Neonates with an inborn error of metabolism, sepsis, or Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were excluded. A non-probability consecutive sampling technique was employed to recruit eligible neonates. Results : The present study included 658 late preterm and term infants with hyperbilirubinemia. The majority of the neonates were females (51.4%) with a median (IQR) birth weight of 2846 (628) grams. Only 29 (4.4%) neonates had a positive family history of G6PD deficiency. Sixty-nine (10.5%) neonates had deficient G6PD activity. The association analysis showed that there were statistically significant associations between the presence of G6PD deficiency and the male gender (p <0.001), low birth weight (p <0.001), and positive family history of G6PD deficiency (p <0.001). Conclusion : In conclusion, the present study showed that about 10% of the neonates admitted for phototherapy had G6PD deficiency in postnatal wards of a tertiary care hospital UAE. This finding highlights the critical role testing for G6PD to all newborns who are receiving phototherapy, especially those with unknown etiology or poor response to phototherapy. Further long-term studies are still needed to confirm our findings.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47666851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00421
E. Salama, N. Adawy, Ashraf Mansour Habib Mansour
Aim: To assess fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in children and its interrelating factors. Methods and materials: A retrospective review study of 24 patients less than 17 years old who presented to the National Liver Institute with FHF over a period of two years was done. FHF was defined as the presence of acute liver failure with or without encephalopathy without pre-existing liver disease, within 8 weeks of the onset of clinical liver disease. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM antibodies, Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), IgM-anti Hepatitis B core antigen (HBc), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgM and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in nested PCR were done in all patients. Special investigations like alpha fetoprotein, serum copper, blood culture, drug levels and other metabolic studies were carried out whenever indicated. Detailed clinical evaluations and routine hepatic laboratory profile were done. Results: Acute hepatitis-A virus was the commonest cause. Severe coma was significantly present among non-survivals and no ascites. Patients who survived had got significantly lower level of prothrombin time, they also had significantly lower rate of descent of prothrombin time. Conclusion: Hepatitis A virus was the commonest etiology of FHF. The peak level of total serum bilirubin, the rate of change of the prothrombin time/day and ammonia level were significant predictors of mortality.
{"title":"Single center experience from Egypt about fulminant hepatic failure in children","authors":"E. Salama, N. Adawy, Ashraf Mansour Habib Mansour","doi":"10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00421","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To assess fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in children and its interrelating factors. Methods and materials: A retrospective review study of 24 patients less than 17 years old who presented to the National Liver Institute with FHF over a period of two years was done. FHF was defined as the presence of acute liver failure with or without encephalopathy without pre-existing liver disease, within 8 weeks of the onset of clinical liver disease. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM antibodies, Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), IgM-anti Hepatitis B core antigen (HBc), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgM and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in nested PCR were done in all patients. Special investigations like alpha fetoprotein, serum copper, blood culture, drug levels and other metabolic studies were carried out whenever indicated. Detailed clinical evaluations and routine hepatic laboratory profile were done. Results: Acute hepatitis-A virus was the commonest cause. Severe coma was significantly present among non-survivals and no ascites. Patients who survived had got significantly lower level of prothrombin time, they also had significantly lower rate of descent of prothrombin time. Conclusion: Hepatitis A virus was the commonest etiology of FHF. The peak level of total serum bilirubin, the rate of change of the prothrombin time/day and ammonia level were significant predictors of mortality.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45177003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00419
Ghosh Ak, Das Gupta SP
Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. A potentially curable cancer, its treatment has improved significantly over the last few decades. In developed world current treatment options aim to preserve the globe as well as vision with minimum morbidity. High resolution imaging has improved tumor detection and is useful for prognosticating cases and monitoring response to treatment. Targeted chemotherapy has shown promising results and these routes are being increasingly employed world-wide for globe preservation. Chemotherapy is currently used as a first line approach for children with this malignancy and can be delivered by intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal routes. The choice of route for chemotherapy administration depends upon the tumor laterality and tumor staging. This review aims to highlight newer advancements in the field of management of retinoblastoma that have been introduced in recent times, with a special emphasis on globe-preserving therapy.
{"title":"New approach of chemotherapy for the treatment of retinoblastoma: a review","authors":"Ghosh Ak, Das Gupta SP","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00419","url":null,"abstract":"Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. A potentially curable cancer, its treatment has improved significantly over the last few decades. In developed world current treatment options aim to preserve the globe as well as vision with minimum morbidity. High resolution imaging has improved tumor detection and is useful for prognosticating cases and monitoring response to treatment. Targeted chemotherapy has shown promising results and these routes are being increasingly employed world-wide for globe preservation. Chemotherapy is currently used as a first line approach for children with this malignancy and can be delivered by intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal routes. The choice of route for chemotherapy administration depends upon the tumor laterality and tumor staging. This review aims to highlight newer advancements in the field of management of retinoblastoma that have been introduced in recent times, with a special emphasis on globe-preserving therapy.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42305903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00420
E. Mah, Suzanne Ngo Um Sap, Hermann Ngwanou, D. K. Tague, Linda Maguip, D. Chelo, Temgoua Ngou Mazou, Gides Zantia, A. Chiabi
Introduction: Prematurity is a public health problem worldwide. Reducing the morbidity and mortality of prematurity through improved management techniques reveal the emergence of cardiovascular risk diseases, including kidney disease and high blood pressure, which can compromise health in adulthood. The prevalence of these diseases varies from country to country. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with renal injury and high blood pressure in children born preterm. Methodology: We conducted a historical cohort study including children aged 6 to 11 years, matched for gender and sex in a 1:2 ratio. Data were collected from the records of premature and full-term infants hospitalized from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013. Patients were reviewed during outpatient consultation, where height, blood pressure were measured and a urine dipstick was performed. Patients with high blood pressure or positive protein uria were seen again two weeks later for follow-up. The Fisher test and the Chi-square test were used to compare proportions. The significance threshold was defined for p<0.05. Relative risk (RR) was used to establish the risk relationship between the different variables. Results: We enrolled 125 children born preterm and 250 born at full-term. The mean age was 8.2+/-1.6 years with discrete female predominance. The cumulative incidence of pathologies varied according to type: 17.60% in preterm versus 2% in full-term (p?0,001) for high blood pressure and 69.60% in preterm versus 33.20% in full-term children (p?0,001) for proteinuria. Factors associated with renal in jury were the use of amino glycosides, aminophylline and neonatal infection. We found a correlation between the presence of proteinuria and high blood pressure (r=1.14, p=0.000002). Conclusion: Renal damage and high blood pressure were more common in children born preterm than in full-term. Associated factors were neonatal infection, use of amino glycosides and aminophylline.
{"title":"Relationship between prematurity, high blood pressure and kidney injury","authors":"E. Mah, Suzanne Ngo Um Sap, Hermann Ngwanou, D. K. Tague, Linda Maguip, D. Chelo, Temgoua Ngou Mazou, Gides Zantia, A. Chiabi","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00420","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prematurity is a public health problem worldwide. Reducing the morbidity and mortality of prematurity through improved management techniques reveal the emergence of cardiovascular risk diseases, including kidney disease and high blood pressure, which can compromise health in adulthood. The prevalence of these diseases varies from country to country. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with renal injury and high blood pressure in children born preterm. Methodology: We conducted a historical cohort study including children aged 6 to 11 years, matched for gender and sex in a 1:2 ratio. Data were collected from the records of premature and full-term infants hospitalized from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013. Patients were reviewed during outpatient consultation, where height, blood pressure were measured and a urine dipstick was performed. Patients with high blood pressure or positive protein uria were seen again two weeks later for follow-up. The Fisher test and the Chi-square test were used to compare proportions. The significance threshold was defined for p<0.05. Relative risk (RR) was used to establish the risk relationship between the different variables. Results: We enrolled 125 children born preterm and 250 born at full-term. The mean age was 8.2+/-1.6 years with discrete female predominance. The cumulative incidence of pathologies varied according to type: 17.60% in preterm versus 2% in full-term (p?0,001) for high blood pressure and 69.60% in preterm versus 33.20% in full-term children (p?0,001) for proteinuria. Factors associated with renal in jury were the use of amino glycosides, aminophylline and neonatal infection. We found a correlation between the presence of proteinuria and high blood pressure (r=1.14, p=0.000002). Conclusion: Renal damage and high blood pressure were more common in children born preterm than in full-term. Associated factors were neonatal infection, use of amino glycosides and aminophylline.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46207177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00422
Mohamed H Koura, Hamid Qoura, M. Nayar, Mohammed J Al Sajwani
Intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare condition with only few cases reported in the English language literature.1 During a span of eight months in 2010-2011 we treated two cases of congenital intra pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in Royal Hospital in the Sultanate of Oman. The first case was not diagnosed antenatally as diaphragmatic hernia. Post-natally the neonate was diagnosed as having pericardial effusion and correct diagnosis arrived at by CTs can. The second case was diagnosed by antenatal scan as diaphragmatic hernia and confirmed in postnatal period by chest X-Ray as left congenital diaphragmatic hernia but intra-operative finding was an anterior diaphragmatic hernia with intra pericardial herniation of the liver and part of the bowel into the pericardial sac. Both neonates were intubated after birth due to respiratory distress. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch was used for repair of the defect in first case and the second case was repaired without a patch. In both cases, apart from the defect, the rest of the diaphragm, on either side, was intact; sac was absent and a pericardial defect was present. Both neonates were discharged in good condition.
{"title":"Intra pericardial herniation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia","authors":"Mohamed H Koura, Hamid Qoura, M. Nayar, Mohammed J Al Sajwani","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00422","url":null,"abstract":"Intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare condition with only few cases reported in the English language literature.1 During a span of eight months in 2010-2011 we treated two cases of congenital intra pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in Royal Hospital in the Sultanate of Oman. The first case was not diagnosed antenatally as diaphragmatic hernia. Post-natally the neonate was diagnosed as having pericardial effusion and correct diagnosis arrived at by CTs can. The second case was diagnosed by antenatal scan as diaphragmatic hernia and confirmed in postnatal period by chest X-Ray as left congenital diaphragmatic hernia but intra-operative finding was an anterior diaphragmatic hernia with intra pericardial herniation of the liver and part of the bowel into the pericardial sac. Both neonates were intubated after birth due to respiratory distress. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch was used for repair of the defect in first case and the second case was repaired without a patch. In both cases, apart from the defect, the rest of the diaphragm, on either side, was intact; sac was absent and a pericardial defect was present. Both neonates were discharged in good condition.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42796364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00418
D. Madhavi, Shamama Subuhi, Mohammed Zubai
Thrombocytopenia is one of the commonest haematological disorders in the neonatal period, affecting up to a third of those admitted to neonatal intensive care units. It is well recognized that many fetomaternal and neonatal conditions are associated with thrombocytopenia. The majority of episodes of neonatal thrombocytopenia are relatively mild, self-limiting and of short duration but it may cause severe morbidity & mortality due to severe complication like IVH. Methods & material: 140 Newborn admitted in tertiary care NICU were selected to find out outcome and etiology of neonatal thrombocytopenia. Detail maternal history and neonatal physical examination done and Neonates were followed for outcome, relevant investigation done according to cases. Result: Out of 140 neonates 63 neonates had thrombocytopenia (45%).42.8% neonates were premature out of which 63.3% had thrombocytopenia. Other neonatal risk factor for thrombocytopenia are sepsis 38 (74.5%), SGA/IUGR 28(80%) and NEC 9(100%). Maternal risk factor for thrombocytopenia are eclampsia81.8% and infection during pregnancy 72.72%. 95.5 % of all study population were discharged.4.5 % cases of whole study population didn’t survive. 4.54% of mild, 9.09% of moderate and 60 % of severe thrombocytopenic babies didn’t survive. Conclusion: Bleeding manifestations i.e. mucosal, cutaneous and intracranial bleed were significantly associated with severe thrombocytopenia. 60% of mortality was found in severe thrombocytopenic group. Thus, severe thrombocytopenia was found to be a predictor of poor outcome in sick neonates of NICU.
{"title":"Outcome of neonatal thrombocytopenia in tertiary care NICU","authors":"D. Madhavi, Shamama Subuhi, Mohammed Zubai","doi":"10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JPNC.2020.10.00418","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombocytopenia is one of the commonest haematological disorders in the neonatal period, affecting up to a third of those admitted to neonatal intensive care units. It is well recognized that many fetomaternal and neonatal conditions are associated with thrombocytopenia. The majority of episodes of neonatal thrombocytopenia are relatively mild, self-limiting and of short duration but it may cause severe morbidity & mortality due to severe complication like IVH. Methods & material: 140 Newborn admitted in tertiary care NICU were selected to find out outcome and etiology of neonatal thrombocytopenia. Detail maternal history and neonatal physical examination done and Neonates were followed for outcome, relevant investigation done according to cases. Result: Out of 140 neonates 63 neonates had thrombocytopenia (45%).42.8% neonates were premature out of which 63.3% had thrombocytopenia. Other neonatal risk factor for thrombocytopenia are sepsis 38 (74.5%), SGA/IUGR 28(80%) and NEC 9(100%). Maternal risk factor for thrombocytopenia are eclampsia81.8% and infection during pregnancy 72.72%. 95.5 % of all study population were discharged.4.5 % cases of whole study population didn’t survive. 4.54% of mild, 9.09% of moderate and 60 % of severe thrombocytopenic babies didn’t survive. Conclusion: Bleeding manifestations i.e. mucosal, cutaneous and intracranial bleed were significantly associated with severe thrombocytopenia. 60% of mortality was found in severe thrombocytopenic group. Thus, severe thrombocytopenia was found to be a predictor of poor outcome in sick neonates of NICU.","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45810362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00416
Charles Kombi K, Jerome Mastaki K, Antoinette Tshefu K, Micheline Fatuma, Herve Nzereka K
Introduction: Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major hinderance to achieving the 90 90 90 goals in limited resources settings. South Ubangi province in DR Congo faces countless challenges providing universal HIV care. However, the level of ART adherence and associated factors among people on HIV treatment in this province remains unknown. Using a quantitative method approach, this study aimed to know the extend of adherence and to identify the determinants of optimal and suboptimal adherence among study participants. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used to survey patients on ART in Gemena Referral Hospital. Results: After a simple randomly sampling from a sampling frame of 503 patients on treatment and who met the inclusion criteria of been using HIV treatment for at least one year, 438 were selected taking the even numbers in three rounds, but only 398 patients consented to participate to the study. Logistic regression was run to explore determinants of the adherence. The participants’ mean age was 42 years old (range: 8-62 years old). 280 participants were Female (=70.4%) and 118 were male (29.6%) with a sex ratio Female-male of 2.4/1. Most of the participants were married 185(46.5%), 45 were divorced (=1.3%), 136 widow/widowers (34.2% made up of 116 widowers=29% and 20 widows=4.2%) and only 32 were unmarried (8%). Among the married, 117 had only one partner (29% of overall), 42 had more than one partner (11%) and 26 were in a mere cohabitation (6.5%). ART adherence was 77% in the study population, while it should reach the optimal level of 95%. Adherence was positively associated with age, but suboptimal adherence was significantly associated with forget to take the drugs, distance, the degree of contentment to the family support, and moving out of home. Adherence was likely associated with age, in fact, old participants(44-60 age group) had 8.3 times an increased probability of being adherent( 2.30-8.84, 95% CI, p-value=0.001) compared to 8-25 age group. Additionally, taking his pills on daily basis had 1.68 times an increased probability of optimal adherence (1.39-1.98, 95% CI, p-value<0.001), compared to those patients who sometimes forget to take their pills. Distance < or = 5 km also had 2.47 an increased probability of being adherent (2.06-2.87, p-value<0.001) compared to people who live beyond 5 km from the health facility. Participants who stated they had a high degree of contentment to family support presented 1.93 times an increased probability of being adherent (1.93-1.46, 95% CI, p-value=0.001) compared with those with low degree of contentment to the family support. Participants who were resident had 1.55 times an increased significant probability to be adherent (1.28-1.82, 95% CI, p-value<0.001), compared to those who temporarily/definitely moved out their home for any reason. Gender, marital status, and monthly income did not have a significant association with adherence to antiretroviral
{"title":"The level and potential determinants of the adherence to the antiretroviral therapy among patients on HIV treatment in gemena referral hospital, South Ubangi, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2018","authors":"Charles Kombi K, Jerome Mastaki K, Antoinette Tshefu K, Micheline Fatuma, Herve Nzereka K","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2020.10.00416","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major hinderance to achieving the 90 90 90 goals in limited resources settings. South Ubangi province in DR Congo faces countless challenges providing universal HIV care. However, the level of ART adherence and associated factors among people on HIV treatment in this province remains unknown. Using a quantitative method approach, this study aimed to know the extend of adherence and to identify the determinants of optimal and suboptimal adherence among study participants. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used to survey patients on ART in Gemena Referral Hospital. Results: After a simple randomly sampling from a sampling frame of 503 patients on treatment and who met the inclusion criteria of been using HIV treatment for at least one year, 438 were selected taking the even numbers in three rounds, but only 398 patients consented to participate to the study. Logistic regression was run to explore determinants of the adherence. The participants’ mean age was 42 years old (range: 8-62 years old). 280 participants were Female (=70.4%) and 118 were male (29.6%) with a sex ratio Female-male of 2.4/1. Most of the participants were married 185(46.5%), 45 were divorced (=1.3%), 136 widow/widowers (34.2% made up of 116 widowers=29% and 20 widows=4.2%) and only 32 were unmarried (8%). Among the married, 117 had only one partner (29% of overall), 42 had more than one partner (11%) and 26 were in a mere cohabitation (6.5%). ART adherence was 77% in the study population, while it should reach the optimal level of 95%. Adherence was positively associated with age, but suboptimal adherence was significantly associated with forget to take the drugs, distance, the degree of contentment to the family support, and moving out of home. Adherence was likely associated with age, in fact, old participants(44-60 age group) had 8.3 times an increased probability of being adherent( 2.30-8.84, 95% CI, p-value=0.001) compared to 8-25 age group. Additionally, taking his pills on daily basis had 1.68 times an increased probability of optimal adherence (1.39-1.98, 95% CI, p-value<0.001), compared to those patients who sometimes forget to take their pills. Distance < or = 5 km also had 2.47 an increased probability of being adherent (2.06-2.87, p-value<0.001) compared to people who live beyond 5 km from the health facility. Participants who stated they had a high degree of contentment to family support presented 1.93 times an increased probability of being adherent (1.93-1.46, 95% CI, p-value=0.001) compared with those with low degree of contentment to the family support. Participants who were resident had 1.55 times an increased significant probability to be adherent (1.28-1.82, 95% CI, p-value<0.001), compared to those who temporarily/definitely moved out their home for any reason. Gender, marital status, and monthly income did not have a significant association with adherence to antiretroviral ","PeriodicalId":92678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics & neonatal care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43629684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}