Acute heart attack is associated with 30% mortality rate, among those 50% of death occur before arriving to a hospital. The ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI heart condition may lead to heart attack which can be prevented if detected ahead of time. 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) uses 2D data has been successfully applied to machine vision, plant disease diagnosis and medical field. Acquiring 2D images such as CT, MRI, and PET data can be prohibitively expensive. On the other hand, there are many 1D biomedical signals, such as ECG, that is more affordable and can be used for medical diagnosis of heart diseases as an example. The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of 1D CNN for medical diagnosis relying on more affordable 1D biomedical signal. To reduce the computational burden and enhance performance, the firefly algorithm (FA) is first applied to reduce the number of features needed for classification by the 1D CNN. The proposed 1D CNN combined with FA technique was applied to STEMI and Non-STEMI heart attack diagnosis using ECG signals. The method was trained and tested using A clinically available synchronously acquired ECG signal database from physionet was used to train and evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. The correctly classified outcome using FACNN is 84.84% with kappa statistics of .693, while average performance from other popular machine learning algorithm were 78.54% correctly classified outcome and kappa statistics of .56.
{"title":"Diagnosis of STEMI and Non-STEMI Heart Attack using Nature-inspired Swarm Intelligence and Deep Learning Techniques","authors":"M. Mamun, A. Alouani","doi":"10.11159/jbeb.2020.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/jbeb.2020.001","url":null,"abstract":"Acute heart attack is associated with 30% mortality rate, among those 50% of death occur before arriving to a hospital. The ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI heart condition may lead to heart attack which can be prevented if detected ahead of time. 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) uses 2D data has been successfully applied to machine vision, plant disease diagnosis and medical field. Acquiring 2D images such as CT, MRI, and PET data can be prohibitively expensive. On the other hand, there are many 1D biomedical signals, such as ECG, that is more affordable and can be used for medical diagnosis of heart diseases as an example. The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of 1D CNN for medical diagnosis relying on more affordable 1D biomedical signal. To reduce the computational burden and enhance performance, the firefly algorithm (FA) is first applied to reduce the number of features needed for classification by the 1D CNN. The proposed 1D CNN combined with FA technique was applied to STEMI and Non-STEMI heart attack diagnosis using ECG signals. The method was trained and tested using A clinically available synchronously acquired ECG signal database from physionet was used to train and evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. The correctly classified outcome using FACNN is 84.84% with kappa statistics of .693, while average performance from other popular machine learning algorithm were 78.54% correctly classified outcome and kappa statistics of .56.","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87072104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-04DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.03.000154
M. Trivedi, S. Jana
The study was performed to assess the impact of Biofield Treated test item (DMEM medium) on Human Endothelial Hybrid Cell Line (EA. hy926) for the expression of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The test item was divided into three parts. The first part was received one-time Consciousness Energy Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and labeled as BT-I, while second part received two-times Biofield Treatment and is denoted as BT-II. The third part did not receive any types of treatment and denoted as untreated DMEM. The level of intracellular cGMP in the BT-I and BT-II groups showed a significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 296.06% and 339.37%, respectively in Ea. hy926 cells compared to the untreated DMEM group. These results suggest that BT-II group showed a significant improved the level of cGMP with respect to the BT-I group. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment can be used to treat the erectile dysfunction patients along with other associated disorders such as orgasmic disorders, frotteuristic disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, vaginismus, fetishistic disorder, sex addiction, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, premature or delayed ejaculation.
{"title":"The Role of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM in Erectile Dysfunction using Detection of Cgmp Levels in Human Endothelial Cell Line","authors":"M. Trivedi, S. Jana","doi":"10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.03.000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.03.000154","url":null,"abstract":"The study was performed to assess the impact of Biofield Treated test item (DMEM medium) on Human Endothelial Hybrid Cell Line (EA. hy926) for the expression of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The test item was divided into three parts. The first part was received one-time Consciousness Energy Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and labeled as BT-I, while second part received two-times Biofield Treatment and is denoted as BT-II. The third part did not receive any types of treatment and denoted as untreated DMEM. The level of intracellular cGMP in the BT-I and BT-II groups showed a significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 296.06% and 339.37%, respectively in Ea. hy926 cells compared to the untreated DMEM group. These results suggest that BT-II group showed a significant improved the level of cGMP with respect to the BT-I group. Therefore, the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment can be used to treat the erectile dysfunction patients along with other associated disorders such as orgasmic disorders, frotteuristic disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, vaginismus, fetishistic disorder, sex addiction, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, premature or delayed ejaculation.","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49604684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.32474/oajbeb.2018.03.000152
K. Maeda
{"title":"Update Parameters to Diagnose Intrap; Artum Fetus in Fetal Monitoring","authors":"K. Maeda","doi":"10.32474/oajbeb.2018.03.000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/oajbeb.2018.03.000152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adela Martínez, A. L. Muñiz, E. Soudah, J. Calvo, A. A. Suárez, T. Cobo
{"title":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Functional Imaging in the Evaluation of Mandibular Advancement Device Positioning","authors":"Adela Martínez, A. L. Muñiz, E. Soudah, J. Calvo, A. A. Suárez, T. Cobo","doi":"10.11159/jbeb.2019.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/jbeb.2019.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75277802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-14DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.03.000151
N. Khan
Intense and tenacious feeling of despondency or loss of interest in things that once were enjoyable such condition is termed as Depression which is characterized as a mental illness and contributes a considerable fraction of the inclusive burden of diseases. Determinants of depression among married women includes gender discernment, over burden of work, domestic violence, psychological distress, sexual abuse, women’s poor mental and physical health etc. Identification of potential determinants of depression will possibly aid in devising preemptive strategies in order to reduce its pervasiveness among married women.
{"title":"Determinants of Depression Among Married Women Living in Quetta City, Pakistan","authors":"N. Khan","doi":"10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.03.000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.03.000151","url":null,"abstract":"Intense and tenacious feeling of despondency or loss of interest in things that once were enjoyable such condition is termed as Depression which is characterized as a mental illness and contributes a considerable fraction of the inclusive burden of diseases. Determinants of depression among married women includes gender discernment, over burden of work, domestic violence, psychological distress, sexual abuse, women’s poor mental and physical health etc. Identification of potential determinants of depression will possibly aid in devising preemptive strategies in order to reduce its pervasiveness among married women.","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49007854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-24DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000149
I. Kamal
Nanomaterials are materials engineered with extremely small particle size having at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). It is well established that when materials are produced in nano scale, they demonstrate unique electronic, magnetic, catalytical as well as optical properties that candidate them for wide range of applications in engineering, medical and environmental fields. An extensive variety of nanomaterials has been manufactured, and already been used in many products and much more extensive utilization is expected in the future. The contribution of nanotechnology to research and development in industrial sectors results in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the industrial processes and brings huge promise in producing new nanomaterials and products, with tailored characteristics that offer unique properties compared to the bulk materials. The present review elucidates the role of nanomaterials and its applications in coatings, sensors, adsorbents, drug delivery, and catalysts. Several research articles that are addressing the applications of nanomaterials in these fields are included. Limitations hinder the large scale production and applications of nanomaterials and the future prospects are also summarized.
{"title":"Prospects of Some Applications of Engineered Nanomaterials: A review","authors":"I. Kamal","doi":"10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000149","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomaterials are materials engineered with extremely small particle size having at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). It is well established that when materials are produced in nano scale, they demonstrate unique electronic, magnetic, catalytical as well as optical properties that candidate them for wide range of applications in engineering, medical and environmental fields. An extensive variety of nanomaterials has been manufactured, and already been used in many products and much more extensive utilization is expected in the future. The contribution of nanotechnology to research and development in industrial sectors results in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the industrial processes and brings huge promise in producing new nanomaterials and products, with tailored characteristics that offer unique properties compared to the bulk materials. The present review elucidates the role of nanomaterials and its applications in coatings, sensors, adsorbents, drug delivery, and catalysts. Several research articles that are addressing the applications of nanomaterials in these fields are included. Limitations hinder the large scale production and applications of nanomaterials and the future prospects are also summarized.","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47828392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-10DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000147
L. Pučar, A. Sharbini, J. Varljen, E. Pugel, Antonijo Grčić, D. Detel
Hyperglycemia, often accompanied with various complications such as chronic ulcers, represents a major socio-economic health problem. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV or CD26 molecule (DPP IV/CD26), is an omnipresent transmembrane protein with significant involvements in different physiological and pathological processes. It has been recognized as a therapeutic option in the treatment of hyperglycemia, especially in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes, given its capability to regulate the biological activity of incretins, which are major regulators of glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, DPP IV/CD26 has been indicated to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes as well as cell proliferation and angiogenesis. New scientific evidence shows that inhibition of DPP IV/CD26 leads to a more efficacious healing of chronic ulcers in diabetic patients as well as in mice models of wounded tissue restoration. However, the role of DPP IV/CD26 in the process of wound healing in hyperglycemia is not entirely known. Our aim was to summarize most important findings on the involvement of DPP IV/CD26 in the regulation of glycemia as well as tissue regeneration and reparation. This work reviews basic biochemical.
{"title":"Diabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase iv and Wound Healing: from Basic Science to Therapeutic Possibilities","authors":"L. Pučar, A. Sharbini, J. Varljen, E. Pugel, Antonijo Grčić, D. Detel","doi":"10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000147","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperglycemia, often accompanied with various complications such as chronic ulcers, represents a major socio-economic health problem. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV or CD26 molecule (DPP IV/CD26), is an omnipresent transmembrane protein with significant involvements in different physiological and pathological processes. It has been recognized as a therapeutic option in the treatment of hyperglycemia, especially in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes, given its capability to regulate the biological activity of incretins, which are major regulators of glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, DPP IV/CD26 has been indicated to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes as well as cell proliferation and angiogenesis. New scientific evidence shows that inhibition of DPP IV/CD26 leads to a more efficacious healing of chronic ulcers in diabetic patients as well as in mice models of wounded tissue restoration. However, the role of DPP IV/CD26 in the process of wound healing in hyperglycemia is not entirely known. Our aim was to summarize most important findings on the involvement of DPP IV/CD26 in the regulation of glycemia as well as tissue regeneration and reparation. This work reviews basic biochemical.","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43368873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000146
P. Feng, Z. Juan, Josephine jiang
We here researched the features of transport of nerve impulse along the nerve fiber using modern theory of molecular biology, in which we first elucidate the properties of structure of the nerve cell and the features of distribution of the charges for the sodium ions and potassium ions in the inner and exterior of the never cell membranes. In practice, their distributions are not uniformity, where the distribution of sodium ions and potassium ions between the inner and exterior of cell-membranes are not same, they are just inverse. Just so, an action electro-potential occurs in the cell-membranes. However, the action electro-potential is only a static impulse, it cannot propagate along the nerve organizations. If the nerve organizations are acted by the bio-energy, which could lead to the periodic variation of these sodium ions and potassium ions in the inner and exterior of the never cell membranes can be varied periodically under the action of bio-energy by the works of sodium pump and potassium pump on the surface of cell membrane, then the nerve impulse can propagate along the nerve fiber cell membranes. Our investigations verify that the bioenergy released from the hydrolyses reaction of adenosine phosphate (ATP) molecules in the cells can play the role. This chemical reaction can release the bio-energy of o.42 eV, which can be transported along the protein molecules to excite the work of se sodium pump and potassium pump. Thus, the propagation of the nerve impulse can be carried out automatically in living systems. This is just the mechanism of propagation of the nerve impulse along the nerve l fiber cel membrane. In this paper we elucidate and research in detain and deeply the mechanism of form of the nerve impulse and its features of propagation.
{"title":"Form of Nerve Impulse and Its Features of Propagation Along the Nerve Fiber Cells Arising from The Bio-Energy in Living Systems","authors":"P. Feng, Z. Juan, Josephine jiang","doi":"10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000146","url":null,"abstract":"We here researched the features of transport of nerve impulse along the nerve fiber using modern theory of molecular biology, in which we first elucidate the properties of structure of the nerve cell and the features of distribution of the charges for the sodium ions and potassium ions in the inner and exterior of the never cell membranes. In practice, their distributions are not uniformity, where the distribution of sodium ions and potassium ions between the inner and exterior of cell-membranes are not same, they are just inverse. Just so, an action electro-potential occurs in the cell-membranes. However, the action electro-potential is only a static impulse, it cannot propagate along the nerve organizations. If the nerve organizations are acted by the bio-energy, which could lead to the periodic variation of these sodium ions and potassium ions in the inner and exterior of the never cell membranes can be varied periodically under the action of bio-energy by the works of sodium pump and potassium pump on the surface of cell membrane, then the nerve impulse can propagate along the nerve fiber cell membranes. Our investigations verify that the bioenergy released from the hydrolyses reaction of adenosine phosphate (ATP) molecules in the cells can play the role. This chemical reaction can release the bio-energy of o.42 eV, which can be transported along the protein molecules to excite the work of se sodium pump and potassium pump. Thus, the propagation of the nerve impulse can be carried out automatically in living systems. This is just the mechanism of propagation of the nerve impulse along the nerve l fiber cel membrane. In this paper we elucidate and research in detain and deeply the mechanism of form of the nerve impulse and its features of propagation.","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47187763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-19DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000145
Jui-Teng Lin
We will review the kinetics, applications and efficacy of light-activated crosslink. The crosslink efficacy is influenced by multiple factors including: the applied light intensity, exposure period and dose, the initial concentration profiles of photosensitizers (PS) and oxygen, the quantum yield of the PS triplet state, the kinetic rate constants of PS (in type-I) and oxygen concentration (in typeII). Lower light intensity (I0) and higher PS concentration (C0) provides higher efficacy, but also suffers more toxicity to the cells. Higher light intensity (I0) may accelerate the crosslink but has lower efficacy (for the same dose). Therefore, optimal ratio of C0/ I0 is required for accelerated and safe crosslink. Safety issue also limits the maximum dose can be applied to the collagen, besides the limitation of PS concentration. Three important issues are presented: improvement of the crosslink speed (via higher light intensity) and efficacy of crosslink, and the role of photosensitizer (photo initiator) concentration.
{"title":"Kinetics and efficacy of photo-activated crosslink for tissue-engineering","authors":"Jui-Teng Lin","doi":"10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000145","url":null,"abstract":"We will review the kinetics, applications and efficacy of light-activated crosslink. The crosslink efficacy is influenced by multiple factors including: the applied light intensity, exposure period and dose, the initial concentration profiles of photosensitizers (PS) and oxygen, the quantum yield of the PS triplet state, the kinetic rate constants of PS (in type-I) and oxygen concentration (in typeII). Lower light intensity (I0) and higher PS concentration (C0) provides higher efficacy, but also suffers more toxicity to the cells. Higher light intensity (I0) may accelerate the crosslink but has lower efficacy (for the same dose). Therefore, optimal ratio of C0/ I0 is required for accelerated and safe crosslink. Safety issue also limits the maximum dose can be applied to the collagen, besides the limitation of PS concentration. Three important issues are presented: improvement of the crosslink speed (via higher light intensity) and efficacy of crosslink, and the role of photosensitizer (photo initiator) concentration.","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49669836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-17DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000144
V. Zaichick, Frs Sofia Zaichick
{"title":"Neutron Activation and X-Ray Fluorescent Analysis in Study of Association Between Age and Chemical Element Contents in Thyroid of Males","authors":"V. Zaichick, Frs Sofia Zaichick","doi":"10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92699,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of biomedical engineering and biosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45065346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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