Environmental bioindicators最新文献

{"title":"Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity as a Potential Biomarker for the Rapid Assessment of Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in a Euryhaline Fish, Oreochromis mossambicus","authors":"J. Rao","doi":"10.1080/15555270701779478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701779478","url":null,"abstract":"Acute studies of chlorpyrifos, O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate insecticide on fish, Oreochromis (Tilapia) mossambicus, were carried out to assess the toxicity in relation to the marker enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) activity in a semi-static system. Chlorpyrifos can be rated as highly toxic to O. mossambicus, with median lethal concentrations (LC50) of 43.52, 35.89, 30.6 and, 25.78 μg L−1 for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h respectively. The time required for 50% inhibition (IT50) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were measured in the brain of O. mossambicus, exposed to different median lethal concentrations indicated a decrease in time as the concentration increased. After exposure, survival fish were transferred to clean (chemical free) water and studied. AChE recovery were recorded in regular intervals of 3, 7, 14 and 21 days as a biomarker of exposure to this compound. The fish exposed to the LC50 for 24 h (43.52 μg L−1) showed a significant inhibition of AChE ...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"3 1","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701779478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Studies on the Bioaccumulation of Selected Heavy Metals and Radionuclides in the Blood Cockle Anadara granosa of the Bang Pakong Estuary","authors":"K. Srisuksawad, N. Prasertchiewchan","doi":"10.1080/15555270701715977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701715977","url":null,"abstract":"Biokinetic experiments of essential metal (65Zn), heavy metals (51Cr, 203Hg) and anthropogenic radionuclides (57Co, 85Sr, and 134Cs) on Anadara granosa from Bang Pakong estuary were performed under controlled conditions (salinity 30 psu, temperature 28.5 ±1.5°C and pH 8.0 ±0.1). The results showed that A. granosa accumulates studied metals and radionuclides efficiently, except 85Sr and 134Cs. Uptake of 51Cr, 57Co and 65Zn in A. granosa displayed saturation kinetics with estimated whole-body steady-state concentration factors (CFss) of 24, 730, and 90, respectively. Accumulation of 203Hg by A. granosa followed a simple linear model (R2 = 0.83), with maximum concentration factor (CFM) of 166. Loss kinetics of 57Co, 65Zn and 203Hg were best described by a 2-component exponential model, with computed half lives for long-lived component ranging from 99 to 125 d, whereas loss kinetics of 51Cr was best described by a single exponential model with computed half life of 16 d. 51Cr, 57Co and 65Zn were distributed r...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"180 1","pages":"253-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701715977","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioconcentration and Retention of 14C-hexachlorobenzene (HCB): II. The Estuarine Clam Mytella gyuanensis","authors":"M. Andréa, A. Tomás, Thaís M. Vampré, Oscar J.S. Barreto, L. C. Luchini","doi":"10.1080/15555270701712776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701712776","url":null,"abstract":"HCB (hexachlorobenzene) is a persistent organic pollutant still detected in marine environments and organisms. The ability of the estuarine clam Mytella guyanensis to take up 14C-HCB from the sediment and to retain the contaminant within its tissues was studied in estuarine experimental microcosms. The sediment, water and soft tissues of the clams were periodically sampled and analyzed for their radiocarbon, HCB and lipid contents. Although most of the radioactivity remained in the sediment, some was found dissolved in the water, and 14C-HCB residues increased in the clam tissues with time of exposure to the HCB-spiked sediment. Further to its bioaccumulation, HCB was distributed within the mussel tissues as extractable and bound residues, which remained associated to the soft tissues even after restoration of uncontaminated conditions. Although M. guyanensis lives and feeds buried into the sediment, HCB uptake in the mussel was strongly influenced by the levels of HCB occurring in the water column. Level...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"2 1","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701712776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotracer Techniques: A Unique Tool in Marine Ecotoxicological Studies","authors":"M. Warnau, P. Bustamante","doi":"10.1080/15555270701714822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701714822","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental Bioindicators Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t716100765 Radiotracer Techniques: A Unique Tool in Marine Ecotoxicological Studies Michel Warnau a; Paco Bustamante b a International Atomic Energy Agency Marine Environment Laboratories, Principality of Monaco b CRELA UMR 6217, University of La Rochelle La Rochelle, France","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"2 1","pages":"217-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701714822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of 137Cs, Zn and Cr[VI] in the Green Mussel Perna viridis: Influence of Salinity and Temperature","authors":"R. M. Qureshi, A. Mashiatullah, N. Yaqoob, P. Akhtar, F. Chaghtai, A. Jabbar, M. Warnau","doi":"10.1080/15555270701693596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701693596","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaccumulation of one radionuclide (137Cs) and two metal radiotracers (65Zn and 51Cr[VI]) was studied under controlled laboratory conditions in the green mussel Perna viridis in order to assess their usefulness as sentinel species for possible radioactive contamination originating from the nuclear facilities situated along the Karachi coast, Pakistan and the nearby Mumbai coast, India. The influence of two important external environmental factors (salinity and temperature) was also assessed. Three different temperatures (23, 28 and 32°C) and three salinity levels (25, 30 and 35 p.s.u.), which represent the range of temperature and salinity in marine coastal waters of Karachi, were selected. The results showed that both temperature and salinity affect bioaccumulation in P. viridis. Higher bioconcentration factors and uptake rates were found with the increase in temperature but they decreased with the increase in salinity levels. This indicates that the temperature and the salinity are key parameters to be...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"2 1","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701693596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60024699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Perna viridis as a Bioindicator of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins at Low Pyrodinium bahamense var compressum Density using a Radioreceptor Assay","authors":"E. Sombrito, M. Honrado, A. Véra, R. S. Tabbada, M. L. Ranada, Juan R. Relox, M. Tangonan","doi":"10.1080/15555270701693612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701693612","url":null,"abstract":"A radioassay method, i.e. the Receptor Binding Assay, was used for studying the uptake of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in the green bay mussel Perna viridis highly consumed in the Philippines. This method allowed working at low cell density of Pyrodinium bahamense var compressum (∼102-103 cells/L) representative of early stages of toxic algal blooms. The results indicated that within 16 hours toxic levels of PSP are reached in the tissues of  P. viridis, confirming the suitability of the green mussel as an indicator organism for paralytic shellfish toxicity in bivalves during the early stages of the bloom. Results also demonstrated that the weight-specific toxicity significantly increased with mussel size reduction. This method, based on the competition between the labeled and unlabeled toxin for the sodium channel receptor, offers better sensitivity than the mouse bioassay method. With an increasing amount of toxins in the sample, the amount of radiolabeled toxin binding with the receptor d...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"2 1","pages":"264-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701693612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Dissolved Arsenic in the Oyster Crassostrea virginica: A Radiotracer Study","authors":"M. Gómez-Batista, M. Metian, J. Teyssie, C. Alonso-Hernández, M. Warnau","doi":"10.1080/15555270701693570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701693570","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of a program focusing on marine resource protection and management in the Caribbean, the objective of this work was to characterize As bioaccumulation in the common edible oyster Crassostrea virginica. Dissolved As (stable As  +  73As as a tracer) was taken up according to saturation kinetics for all tested exposure concentrations (2–10 μg l−1), and steady-state was reached rapidly within ∼1 week. A slight decrease in uptake efficiency was observed for the higher concentration tested. Whole-body depuration kinetics showed that 73As was lost according to double exponential depuration kinetics that were characterized by short-lived biological half-lives (Tb1/2s) of 0.5–0.9 d and by long-lived Tb1/2l of 8–16 d. No significant difference in 73As retention was found among different initial exposure concentrations of As. Overall, our results indicate that C. virginica bioaccumulates As proportionally to the ambient dissolved As concentration, and retains it with similar efficiency regardless of...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"2 1","pages":"237-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701693570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60024644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation and Retention of 14C-hexachlorobenzene (HCB): I. The Marine Tropical Mussel Perna perna","authors":"M. Andréa, A. Tomás, Thaís M. Vampré, Oscar J.S. Barreto, L. C. Luchini","doi":"10.1080/15555270701712768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701712768","url":null,"abstract":"HCB (hexachlorobenzene) is a ubiquitous pollutant, which is highly toxic to aquatic organisms; however, it is continuously generated and released to the environment. In order to explore the potential of the mussel Perna perna as a sentinel species for monitoring HCB contamination, we have investigated the accumulation and depuration kinetics of 14C-HCB in the mussel exposed to spiked sediment. The sediment, water and mussels were sampled periodically and submitted to solvent extraction for the determination of the radiocarbon and organism lipid content. The analysis showed that most of the radioactivity remained in the sediment as a potential long-term source of pollution, whereas the HCB concentration in the seawater was below the detection limit. The mussel soft tissues were contaminated very little; the residues were distributed as extractable and bound residues, which were strongly correlated with the lipid content of the mussel tissues. The sensitive radiotracer technique used allowed the detection o...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"2 1","pages":"219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701712768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Exposure to and Potential Effects of Contaminants in the Environment","authors":"J. Giesy, J. Newsted","doi":"10.1080/15555270701603751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701603751","url":null,"abstract":"In our lifetimes, much of what was once considered science fiction: space ships, monitoring the environment from space, satellite phones and biomedical advances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease at the molecular level have now become realities. These advances in technology have changed our perceptions and how we interact with the world around us. Also during this time, the world population has doubled several times, our use of natural resources has increased exponentially and we continue to release natural and synthetic compounds to the global environment at an ever-increasing rate. These actions have altered the face of the planet in a multitude of ways. In the ultimate irony, technology has proven to be a double-edged sword that can both threaten to destroy us while also possibly providing the means of our salvation, our means of achieving sustainable development. How can we harness the rapidly developing technological means at our disposal to predict and manage environmental changes? There are exciting changes in technology that may provide the ability to monitor the environment, providing the information we need to allow us to make wise environmental policy decisions. However, even with these advances in technology, the basic dilemma still facing environmental scientists is complexity of ecosystems where known and unknown natural and anthropogenic factors may adversely influence natural processes, resulting in degradation of living resources, environmental services, and human health. Conversely, failure to effectively monitor will lead to our failure to detect threats to human health and reductions in biodiversity, resulting in higher costs associated with after-the-fact remediation and restoration, with the ultimate risk of irreversible damage to environmental resources. Within this context, it is important that as environmental scientists, we provide the necessary information to the general public and regulatory stakeholders that is readily interpretable and is related to valued resources and functions of ecosystems, allowing these stakeholder groups to make informed and effective resource-management decisions in real-time. Efforts are still needed to develop programs to detect, monitor and assess impacts in bio-diverse ecosystems by measuring the right things, in the right places, at the right frequency over sufficient time periods in a cost-effective manner. To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of monitoring programs focusing on “known” chemicals and the potential effects and risks they may pose to biota, including humans, we propose that risk-based monitoring programs be developed incorporating chemical and biological techniques that are rapid, readily implemented, and provide","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"2 1","pages":"129-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701603751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60024740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dedication to the Memory of Eliška Nováková (1921–2000), One of the Founders of the Study of Environmental Bioindicators","authors":"J. Boháč, J. Newman","doi":"10.1080/15555270701626471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701626471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"2 1","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701626471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}