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Indicative Value of Soil Nematode Food Web Indices and Trophic Group Abundance in Differentiating Habitats with a Gradient of Anthropogenic Impact 土壤线虫食物网指数和营养类群丰度在人类影响梯度下区分生境的指示价值
Pub Date : 2007-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701590909
S. Briar, G. Jagdale, Zhiqiang Cheng, C. Hoy, S. Miller, P. Grewal
Indicative value of nematode food web indices and trophic group abundance was assessed for differentiating habitats in two soil types. A total of 604 soil samples were collected from croplands, grassy borders, turfgrass lawns, shrublands and forests in Huron County, Ohio characterized by muck soils. Also, a total of 242 soil samples were collected from two habitats, turfgrass lawns and croplands, in Wayne County, Ohio characterized by mineral soils. All nematodes extracted from soil samples were identified to genus level, categorized to trophic groups and various nematode community indices were calculated. Multivariate analysis of variance using composite of nematode measures revealed that croplands were significantly different from forests, shrublands, turfgrass lawns and grassy borders in the muck soils. Turfgrass lawns in muck soils were not different from forests but were different from shrublands. No differences were observed between forests and shrublands. Turfgrass lawns in mineral soils differed s...
评价了线虫食物网指数和营养群丰度对两种土壤类型生境的指示值。在美国俄亥俄州休伦县以淤泥土为特征的农田、草地、草坪、灌丛和森林中采集了604份土壤样品。此外,在俄亥俄州韦恩县以矿质土为特征的草坪和农田两种生境中采集了242份土壤样本。对土壤样品中提取的线虫进行属级鉴定和营养类群划分,计算线虫群落指数。多变量方差分析表明,农田与森林、灌丛、草坪和草地边界在淤泥质土壤中存在显著差异。淤泥土中草坪与森林无明显差异,但与灌丛地不同。森林与灌丛间无差异。矿质土壤中草皮草坪的生长情况与土壤中不同。
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引用次数: 27
Multivariate Analysis of Sites Using Water Invertebrates and Land use as Indicators of the Quality of Biotopes of Mediterranean Relic Plant (Petagnaea gussonei, Apiaceae) 水生无脊椎动物和土地利用作为地中海遗存植物(阿蜂科)生物类群质量指标的多变量分析
Pub Date : 2007-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701590974
O. Castro, L. Gianguzzi, P. Colombo, P. Luca, G. Marino, M. Guida
Petagnaea gussonei is a rhizomatous, perennial scapose hemicryptophyte species belonging to a monospecific genus of Apiaceae. It lives only along woodland rivulets and is a Tertiary relic localized in the restricted area of the Nebrodi Mountains (NE Sicily, Italy). Ecological indicators have been employed to understand the status of eight localities (intermittent rivulets) where the species occurs. In order to evaluate both the rivulets' water-quality and landscape use, index of anthropisation (Ia), water fleas bioassay (TU), and analyses of water macroinvertebrates have been employed. The results obtained for the level of toxicity exclude the presence of macropollutants (TU < 0.001), whereas the analyses of the macroinvertebrates showed the occurrence of several microorganisms typical of altered environments. Correlations of the results about macroinvertebrates with those related to index of anthropisation for each site are positive. Levels of Ia range from 1.29 (minimum anthropisation) to 3.01 (maximum ...
牡丹属植物是一种多年生根茎状、多年生穗状半隐植物,属于蜂科单种属。它只生活在林地小溪边,是位于Nebrodi山脉(意大利西西里岛东北部)限制区域的第三纪遗迹。采用生态指标来了解该物种发生的8个地点(间歇溪流)的状况。为了评价河流的水质和景观利用,采用了人类活动指数(Ia)、水蚤生物测定(TU)和水中大型无脊椎动物分析。获得的毒性水平的结果排除了大污染物的存在(TU < 0.001),而对大型无脊椎动物的分析显示,发生了几种典型的环境变化的微生物。各站点大型无脊椎动物的结果与人类化指数的结果呈正相关。Ia的水平范围从1.29(最小人类活动)到3.01(最大人类活动)。
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引用次数: 6
Serum Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Activity as an Indicator of Chemically Induced Liver Damage in Black Bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) 血清山梨醇脱氢酶活性作为化学诱导的黑鲷肝损伤的指标
Pub Date : 2007-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701591006
Diane L. Webb, M. M. Gagnon
The value of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (s-SDH) activity to diagnose chemically induced liver damage in the fish, black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri), was assessed by intraperitoneal injection with pentachlorophenol sodium salt. Day 3 post-injection s-SDH activity levels were elevated in fish injected at the highest dosage (30 mg Kg−1) compared to control and other treatment groups. Control fish had s-SDH activity levels within the range of 15 to 88 mU mL−1 serum, while at the highest Na-PCP treatment s-SDH activity was 2.5 to 3.5 times higher on day 3 relative to control fish with levels returning to control levels by the 6th day following injection. An increase in the liver somatic index was not identified until day 6 post-injection and histological damage (hyperplasia) was not detected until the 9th day following injection in the high dosage treatment group. This study confirms that changes in s-SDH activity in black bream due to exposure to hepatotoxicants can be detected before physiological or hi...
通过腹腔注射五氯酚钠盐,评价血清山梨醇脱氢酶(s-SDH)活性对化学诱导的黑鲷肝损伤的诊断价值。注射后第3天,与对照组和其他处理组相比,注射最高剂量(30 mg Kg - 1)的鱼体内s-SDH活性水平升高。对照鱼血清中s-SDH活性在15 ~ 88 mU mL−1之间,而在Na-PCP处理下,s-SDH活性在第3天比对照鱼高2.5 ~ 3.5倍,并在注射后第6天恢复到对照水平。高剂量治疗组在注射后第6天才出现肝体指数升高,在注射后第9天才出现组织学损伤(增生)。本研究证实,由于暴露于肝毒物,黑鲷体内s-SDH活性的变化可以在生理或免疫反应前检测到。
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引用次数: 15
Heavy Metals in Fingernails and Scalp Hair of Children, Adults and Workers from Environmentally Exposed Areas at Aswan, Egypt 来自埃及阿斯旺环境暴露地区的儿童、成人和工人指甲和头皮中的重金属
Pub Date : 2007-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701553972
M. Rashed, F. Hossam
Biological materials are widely used as a bioindicator for environmental pollution with heavy metals. Among these are human hair and nails, which also recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for worldwide environmental monitoring. Heavy metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in fingernails and scalp hair from different sexes and ages of school children, adults and workers from polluted (Kima area and industrial region) and unpolluted areas (West Aswan) located at the West Nile of Aswan, Egypt. The atomic absorption spectroscopic technique was used for determination of the studied metals at their recommended conditions. The results reveal that individual nails and hair from polluted areas showed significantly higher concentrations of Cd and Pb (in children) and Cd, Cu and Pb (in adults and workers) than in those from unpolluted ones. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in nails and hair depend on human sex but little on the ages. Studied metal concentrations in fingernails and scalp hair were ...
生物材料作为重金属环境污染的生物指示剂得到了广泛的应用。其中包括人的头发和指甲,世界卫生组织(世卫组织)也建议将其用于全球环境监测。对埃及阿斯旺西尼罗河流域污染区(基马区和工业区)和未污染区(西阿斯旺)不同性别和年龄的学龄儿童、成人和工人的指甲和头皮中的重金属Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn进行了测定。采用原子吸收光谱法在推荐条件下测定所研究的金属。结果表明,来自污染地区的指甲和头发中Cd、Pb(儿童)和Cd、Cu、Pb(成人和工人)的浓度明显高于未污染地区。指甲和头发中Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的浓度与性别有关,但与年龄关系不大。研究表明指甲和头皮上的金属浓度…
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引用次数: 36
Establishing an Environmental Bioindicator Network to Evaluate the Impact of Extreme Events 构建极端事件影响评价的环境生物指标网络
Pub Date : 2007-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701455228
S. Bortone
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引用次数: 3
Translational Fluctuating Asymmetry and Leaf Dimension in Seagrass, Zostera capricorni Aschers in a Gradient of Heavy Metals 重金属梯度下海草的平动波动不对称性和叶维
Pub Date : 2007-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701457752
R. Ambo-Rappe, D. Lajus, M. Schreider
Methodology for measuring translational fluctuating asymmetry (TFA) on leaves of seagrass, Zostera capricorni Aschers has been developed and tested to detect a subtle effect of environmental stress associated with heavy metal pollution on developmental instability. Our analyses showed that concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Se) in leaves and roots of the seagrass were significantly higher in the polluted location than in relatively unpolluted locations. We found significant differences in TFA between different locations, showing that the method is sensitive enough to detect spatial differences even within a rather small water body, but these differences were not associated with a higher concentration of heavy metals, i.e. plants from the polluted location did not show higher TFA. Possibly, seagrass can store heavy metals in their tissues and protect their development from the toxic effect, or the effect of heavy metals in the natural environment is confounded by other environmental factors. At...
研究人员开发并测试了测量海草叶片平移波动不对称性(TFA)的方法,以检测与重金属污染相关的环境应激对发育不稳定性的微妙影响。结果表明,污染区海草叶片和根系中重金属Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Se含量显著高于相对未污染区。我们发现TFA在不同地点之间存在显著差异,表明该方法足够敏感,即使在相当小的水体中也能检测到空间差异,但这些差异与重金属浓度较高无关,即来自污染地点的植物没有显示出更高的TFA。可能,海草可以在其组织中储存重金属,保护其发育免受毒性作用,或者自然环境中重金属的作用与其他环境因素相混淆。在…
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引用次数: 23
Variation in Resin-well Construction as an Indicator of Predation Load and Breeder Experience in Red-cockaded Woodpecker Populations 树脂井结构变化作为红冠啄木鸟种群捕食负荷和繁殖经验的指标
Pub Date : 2007-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701457679
R. S. Delotelle, R. Epting
The pine forest of the southeastern coastal plain supports a rich assemblage of cavity nesting birds. Unlike some regions, most primary and secondary cavity nesters experience high rates of nest predation. Rat snakes (Elaphe spp.) are proficient tree climbers and are well-documented nest predators throughout the red-cockaded woodpecker's (Picoides borealis) range. Nesting success of this species, however, is relatively high. This woodpecker is well-known for excavating cavities in living pine trees as well as excavating moderate to small holes or resin wells above and below its cavities, and scaling loose bark from around them. These behaviors create a surface around the cavity entrance that is difficult for snakes to climb. Despite these protective behaviors, snakes successfully depredate some nests. This suggests that variation may exist in individual woodpecker investment in cavity protective behaviors. To explore the usefulness of resin-well construction on cavity trees as an indicator of predation an...
东南沿海平原的松林为洞穴筑巢的鸟类提供了丰富的栖息地。与某些地区不同,大多数初级和次级洞巢巢的捕食率很高。鼠蛇(Elaphe spp.)是熟练的爬树者,并且在红冠啄木鸟(Picoides borealis)的范围内是有充分记录的巢穴捕食者。然而,这一物种的筑巢成功率相对较高。这种啄木鸟以在活的松树上挖洞而闻名,也能在洞的上下挖中等到小的洞或树脂井,并从它们周围剥下松散的树皮。这些行为在洞穴入口周围创造了一个蛇难以攀爬的表面。尽管有这些保护行为,蛇还是成功地掠夺了一些巢穴。这表明啄木鸟个体在保护腔体行为上的投入可能存在差异。探讨在空心树上建立树脂井作为捕食指标的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
Detoxification Enzyme Activities in the Frog Rana ridibunda as a Tool for Evaluating the Pollution of a Freshwater Ecosystem of Northern Greece with High Concentrations of Zinc and Copper ridibunda蛙解毒酶活性作为评价希腊北部高浓度锌和铜淡水生态系统污染的工具
Pub Date : 2007-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701372753
Chrisa Efstathiadou, I. Kostaropoulos, N. S. Loumbourdis
The accumulation of two metals (copper and zinc) and the specific activities of two enzyme systems glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (P450-MO) were measured in four tissues (liver, kidney, small and large intestine) of the frog Rana ridibunda, collected from a wetland near the town of Lagadas, Northern Greece. Very high concentrations of the two metals were found in all studied tissues. The specific activities of both enzyme systems showed a significant decrease in frogs collected from the Lagada area compared to the controls. In the liver, both activities were reduced by about 88–90%. GST activity decreased by about 73% and 87% in the kidneys and small intestine, respectively, whereas the reduction in P450-MO activity was somewhat lower (about 59% in the kidney and 40% in the small intestine). Total protein correlated negatively with GST in the liver and kidney. Negative correlation was also found between copper and GST activity in the kidney. It is concluded ...
测定了在希腊北部Lagadas镇附近的湿地采集的蛙蛙(Rana ridibunda)的四个组织(肝、肾、小肠和大肠)中两种金属(铜和锌)的积累以及谷胱甘肽s -转移酶(GSTs)和细胞色素p450依赖性单加氧酶(P450-MO)两种酶系统的比活性。在所有被研究的组织中都发现了非常高浓度的这两种金属。两种酶系统的具体活性显示,与对照相比,从Lagada地区收集的青蛙显著降低。在肝脏中,这两种活性都降低了约88-90%。肾脏和小肠的GST活性分别下降约73%和87%,而P450-MO活性的降低略低(肾脏约59%,小肠约40%)。肝、肾总蛋白与GST呈负相关。铜与肾脏GST活性也呈负相关。结论是……
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引用次数: 4
Silver Exposure Causes Transferable Defects of Phenotypes and Behaviors in Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 银暴露导致秀丽隐杆线虫表型和行为的可转移缺陷
Pub Date : 2007-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701457695
Da-Yong Wang, Peng Yang
Silver, as a global pollutant, is severely harmful to human health. However, whether the multi-biological toxicities of silver exposure could be transferred from exposed animals to their progeny has not been clarified. In the present study, we explored the model organism, nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, to analyze the multiple toxicities of silver exposure and their possibly transferable properties. Endpoints of life span, body size, brood size, generation time, body bend and head thrash were used for the evaluation of silver toxicity. High concentrations (75 and 200 μM) of silver exposure caused multi-biological defects of life span, development, reproduction and locomotion behavior, whereas low concentration (2.5 μM) of silver exposure did not resulted in severe life span defects. Moreover, most of these multi-biological toxicities could be transferred from exposed animals to their progeny at different concentrations of silver (2.5, 75 and 200 μM). Only the body bend defects could be largely recovered ...
银作为一种全球性污染物,严重危害人类健康。然而,银暴露的多生物毒性是否可以从暴露的动物转移到它们的后代还没有明确。在本研究中,我们探索了模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫,以分析银暴露的多重毒性及其可能的转移特性。采用寿命、体大小、窝数、代时间、体弯曲和头部捶打等指标评价银毒性。高浓度(75 μM和200 μM)的银暴露会引起寿命、发育、繁殖和运动行为等多种生物学缺陷,而低浓度(2.5 μM)的银暴露不会引起严重的寿命缺陷。此外,在不同的银浓度(2.5 μM、75 μM和200 μM)下,这些多生物毒性大部分可以从暴露的动物转移到它们的后代。只有身体弯曲的缺陷可以很大程度上恢复……
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引用次数: 20
Roundtable Discussion Groups Summary Papers: New Bioindicators for Mercury Toxicological Assessment: Recommendations from the First International Bioindicators Roundtable 圆桌讨论小组总结文件:汞毒理学评估的新生物指标:第一届国际生物指标圆桌会议的建议
Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/15555270701626422
D. Henshel, M. Aschner, N. Basu, W. Bowerman, D. Echeverria, M. Gilbertson, N. Ralston, D. Rumbold, M. Wolfe
Editors' Note: At the 14th International Conference on Environmental Bioindicators (14th ICEBI) held in Linthicum Heights, Maryland, USA on 24–26 April 2006, the Conference Chairs and Program Committee initiated the Roundtable Discussion Groups as a prominent and regular feature of this and future conferences. The Discussions are designed to generate focused debate around key topic areas, led by academic, government and industry experts, and are structured to produce definitive papers for peer review and publication in EBI's first-quarter issues of each publication year. The three Roundtables of the 14th ICEBI posed questions revolving around the chosen topic areas of Mercury Bioindicators, Marine Ecosystem-level Indicators, and Regulatory and Policy Uses of Bioindicators, and moved from “what we know” to “where we need to go” and “what are the policy implications from our discussions and conclusions.” The paper on coral reef indicators was published in EBI 2(1) and was the first product of this undertaki...
编者按:在2006年4月24日至26日在美国马里兰州林西克姆高地举行的第14届国际环境生物指标会议(第14届ICEBI)上,会议主席和计划委员会发起了圆桌讨论小组,作为本届和未来会议的一个突出和常规特征。讨论的目的是围绕关键主题领域展开集中辩论,由学术界、政府和行业专家主导,并形成权威论文供同行评议,并在EBI每个出版年度的第一季度期刊上发表。第14届ICEBI的三个圆桌会议围绕汞生物指标、海洋生态系统级指标和生物指标的监管和政策使用等选定的主题领域提出了问题,并从“我们知道什么”转向“我们需要去哪里”和“我们的讨论和结论对政策有什么影响”。关于珊瑚礁指标的论文发表在EBI 2(1)上,是这项工作的第一个成果。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Environmental bioindicators
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