Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15555270600605436
C. Ralston, J. L. Blackwell, N. Ralston
Selenium (Se) availability is an indicator of susceptibility to mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation and toxicity, but the mechanisms and extents of these effects are not well characterized. Although the mechanism remains undefined, reducing MeHg accumulation in insects at the base of the food web may contribute to the effect. This study investigated interactive effects of dietary selenium (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10 μmol Se/kg) with either 0 or 50 μmol MeHg on growth and survival of house crickets (Acheta domesticus L.), an easily manipulated insect model. Poor survival and slower growth and development were seen in crickets fed high levels of MeHg with low selenium. Increased dietary selenium resulted in improved survival and increased weight gains in crickets fed MeHg. On the basis of A. domesticus biomass at the end of the 5 week study, the optimum selenium intake was 3 μmol Se/kg. Signs of selenium deficiency were evident from diminished biomass in groups fed lower concentrations. Meanwhile selenium toxicity...
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Selenium and Mercury on House Crickets (Acheta domesticus L.): Implications of Environmental Co-exposures","authors":"C. Ralston, J. L. Blackwell, N. Ralston","doi":"10.1080/15555270600605436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270600605436","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium (Se) availability is an indicator of susceptibility to mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation and toxicity, but the mechanisms and extents of these effects are not well characterized. Although the mechanism remains undefined, reducing MeHg accumulation in insects at the base of the food web may contribute to the effect. This study investigated interactive effects of dietary selenium (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10 μmol Se/kg) with either 0 or 50 μmol MeHg on growth and survival of house crickets (Acheta domesticus L.), an easily manipulated insect model. Poor survival and slower growth and development were seen in crickets fed high levels of MeHg with low selenium. Increased dietary selenium resulted in improved survival and increased weight gains in crickets fed MeHg. On the basis of A. domesticus biomass at the end of the 5 week study, the optimum selenium intake was 3 μmol Se/kg. Signs of selenium deficiency were evident from diminished biomass in groups fed lower concentrations. Meanwhile selenium toxicity...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"1 1","pages":"98-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270600605436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60023656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15555270591004920
S. Bartell
Cellular and subcellular measures of exposure (biomarkers) and effects (bioindicators) continue to be developed. This development is justified in part by the potential application of these technologies in supporting ecological risk assessment (ERA). However, application of biomarkers in assessing ecological risk remains infrequent and of questionable utility. The following discussion examines the potential for increasing the utility of biomarkers and bioindicators in ERA. Recent studies suggest that biomarkers can contribute to most aspects of a commonly used framework for ERA. Methods that address gene expression (i.e., proteomics) appear particularly promising in terms of economy in application and significance of results. The primary challenges in using biomarkers/bioindicators to assess risk include the difficulties in (1) developing stressor-specific, quantitative dose-response functions and (2) projecting higher-order ecological effects from cellular or subcellular bioindicators.
{"title":"Biomarkers, Bioindicators, and Ecological Risk Assessment—A Brief Review and Evaluation","authors":"S. Bartell","doi":"10.1080/15555270591004920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270591004920","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular and subcellular measures of exposure (biomarkers) and effects (bioindicators) continue to be developed. This development is justified in part by the potential application of these technologies in supporting ecological risk assessment (ERA). However, application of biomarkers in assessing ecological risk remains infrequent and of questionable utility. The following discussion examines the potential for increasing the utility of biomarkers and bioindicators in ERA. Recent studies suggest that biomarkers can contribute to most aspects of a commonly used framework for ERA. Methods that address gene expression (i.e., proteomics) appear particularly promising in terms of economy in application and significance of results. The primary challenges in using biomarkers/bioindicators to assess risk include the difficulties in (1) developing stressor-specific, quantitative dose-response functions and (2) projecting higher-order ecological effects from cellular or subcellular bioindicators.","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"1 1","pages":"60-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270591004920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60023410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15555270591005145
Ellen Natesan, M. Slimak
United States federal regulatory agencies develop indicators and other ecological information tools for a variety of reasons, including providing a framework for supporting decision making that is defensible to Congress and the public. Agencies typically develop indicators for their own specific regulatory or programmatic purposes and coordination with other agencies and other indicator projects is often limited. Here we give an overview of incentives driving the development of indicators at different federal agencies and provide some examples of federally supported monitoring and indicator projects. There has been a trend in management and related indicator projects toward coordinating efforts across larger geographic scales (ecosystem/regional). However, there is currently insufficient institutional leadership to coordinate development of indicators at the national scale. This article not subject to United States copyright law.
{"title":"The Need for Ecological Information and the Use of Bioindicators in US Federal Regulatory Agencies","authors":"Ellen Natesan, M. Slimak","doi":"10.1080/15555270591005145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270591005145","url":null,"abstract":"United States federal regulatory agencies develop indicators and other ecological information tools for a variety of reasons, including providing a framework for supporting decision making that is defensible to Congress and the public. Agencies typically develop indicators for their own specific regulatory or programmatic purposes and coordination with other agencies and other indicator projects is often limited. Here we give an overview of incentives driving the development of indicators at different federal agencies and provide some examples of federally supported monitoring and indicator projects. There has been a trend in management and related indicator projects toward coordinating efforts across larger geographic scales (ecosystem/regional). However, there is currently insufficient institutional leadership to coordinate development of indicators at the national scale. This article not subject to United States copyright law.","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"1 1","pages":"74-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270591005145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60023568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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