Pub Date : 2008-08-18DOI: 10.1080/15555270802266003
D. Mazumder, Robert J. Williams, Dennis Reid, N. Saintilan, R. Szymczak
Stable isotopes offer an accurate and cost-effective way to understand critical pathways of energy, and their use has application where aquatic habitats have been degraded. Isotope ratios can offer insights into appropriate conservation and rehabilitation techniques to manage these valuable resources. To date, the literature shows little attention to spatial and temporal variation in isotope signatures of samples taken from estuarine environments. This study reports on an investigation of sample size by which to determine isotopic signatures within a single species of fish, Ambassis jacksoniensis. Provided are two ways by which to determine how many samples are needed, and the results imply that care may be needed in interpreting previous studies based on small sample size. A minimum of five individuals would appear necessary in some cases.
{"title":"Variability of Stable Isotope Ratios of Glassfish (Ambassis jacksoniensis) from Mangrove/Saltmarsh Environments in Southeast Australia and Implications for Choosing Sample Size","authors":"D. Mazumder, Robert J. Williams, Dennis Reid, N. Saintilan, R. Szymczak","doi":"10.1080/15555270802266003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270802266003","url":null,"abstract":"Stable isotopes offer an accurate and cost-effective way to understand critical pathways of energy, and their use has application where aquatic habitats have been degraded. Isotope ratios can offer insights into appropriate conservation and rehabilitation techniques to manage these valuable resources. To date, the literature shows little attention to spatial and temporal variation in isotope signatures of samples taken from estuarine environments. This study reports on an investigation of sample size by which to determine isotopic signatures within a single species of fish, Ambassis jacksoniensis. Provided are two ways by which to determine how many samples are needed, and the results imply that care may be needed in interpreting previous studies based on small sample size. A minimum of five individuals would appear necessary in some cases.","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"3 1","pages":"114-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270802266003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-18DOI: 10.1080/15555270802275434
Greg M. Forcey, G. Linz, W. Thogmartin, W. J. Bleier
Blackbirds share wetland habitat with many waterfowl species in Bird Conservation Region 11 (BCR 11), the prairie potholes. Because of similar habitat preferences, there may be associations between blackbird populations and populations of one or more species of waterfowl in BCR11. This study models populations of red-winged blackbirds and yellow-headed blackbirds as a function of multiple waterfowl species using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey within BCR11. For each blackbird species, we created a global model with blackbird abundance modeled as a function of 11 waterfowl species; nuisance effects (year, route, and observer) also were included in the model. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were fit using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in WinBUGS 1.4.1. Waterfowl abundances were weakly associated with blackbird numbers, and no single waterfowl species showed a strong correlation with any blackbird species. These findings suggest waterfowl abundance from a single species is not lik...
{"title":"Modeling Wetland Blackbird Populations as a Function of Waterfowl Abundance in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States and Canada","authors":"Greg M. Forcey, G. Linz, W. Thogmartin, W. J. Bleier","doi":"10.1080/15555270802275434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270802275434","url":null,"abstract":"Blackbirds share wetland habitat with many waterfowl species in Bird Conservation Region 11 (BCR 11), the prairie potholes. Because of similar habitat preferences, there may be associations between blackbird populations and populations of one or more species of waterfowl in BCR11. This study models populations of red-winged blackbirds and yellow-headed blackbirds as a function of multiple waterfowl species using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey within BCR11. For each blackbird species, we created a global model with blackbird abundance modeled as a function of 11 waterfowl species; nuisance effects (year, route, and observer) also were included in the model. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were fit using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in WinBUGS 1.4.1. Waterfowl abundances were weakly associated with blackbird numbers, and no single waterfowl species showed a strong correlation with any blackbird species. These findings suggest waterfowl abundance from a single species is not lik...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"3 1","pages":"124-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270802275434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-18DOI: 10.1080/15555270802216065
J. Burger
Government, scientists, managers, and the public are interested in assessing the health of ecosystems and their component parts, including humans. Indicators normally provide information on individuals, species, communities or ecosystems, and are characteristics of individuals or populations, such as contaminant levels, abnormalities, cancers, diseases, reproductive success, and survival. This paper recommends the development of indicators reflecting attitudes and perceptions that influence behavior, which then affect exposure, as well as species and ecosystem management. Interviews were conducted (N = 329) of people from Barnegat Bay New Jersey, the NY/NJ harbor, and Long Island to examine fishing behavior, consumption patterns, perceptions of consumption advisories and contaminants of concern, and the health of local fish populations. Using fish, fishing, and fish consumption as a case study, indicators of perception and attitudes are described that will be useful in exposure analysis, risk analysis and...
{"title":"Perceptions as indicators of potential risk from fish consumption and health of fish populations.","authors":"J. Burger","doi":"10.1080/15555270802216065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270802216065","url":null,"abstract":"Government, scientists, managers, and the public are interested in assessing the health of ecosystems and their component parts, including humans. Indicators normally provide information on individuals, species, communities or ecosystems, and are characteristics of individuals or populations, such as contaminant levels, abnormalities, cancers, diseases, reproductive success, and survival. This paper recommends the development of indicators reflecting attitudes and perceptions that influence behavior, which then affect exposure, as well as species and ecosystem management. Interviews were conducted (N = 329) of people from Barnegat Bay New Jersey, the NY/NJ harbor, and Long Island to examine fishing behavior, consumption patterns, perceptions of consumption advisories and contaminants of concern, and the health of local fish populations. Using fish, fishing, and fish consumption as a case study, indicators of perception and attitudes are described that will be useful in exposure analysis, risk analysis and...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"3 1","pages":"90-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270802216065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-18DOI: 10.1080/15555270802216073
A. Jiries, M. Batarseh, Tayel El-Hassen, Anf H. Ziadet, F. Al-Nasir, B. Berdanier
The lichen, Rizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC, grown on walls and roofs along the main streets in Amman city-Jordan, was used as a bioindicator for atmospheric pollution. The samples were collected from three areas representing high traffic, residential, and remote sites. The results of heavy metals concentration (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Co) showed clear variations between the investigated sites comparedto that of the remote site. The highest concentrations occurred at the busy traffic sites and the lowest at the remote site. Peak concentrations of zinc (1206 μg g−1), copper (255 μg g−1), lead (400 μg g−1), cadmium (1.8 μg g−1) and cobalt (4.1 μg g−1) were observed at the city center of Amman that characterized busy road traffic. The heavy metal concentrations of lichens at Amman city were found to be at the upper limit values reported in the literature for temperate countries. Furthermore, lichens were found to be comparable to dust deposits and tree bark in terms of heavy metals content for the metropolitan area.
{"title":"Lichens (Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC) as a Biomonitor for Atmospheric Pollution in Amman City, Jordan","authors":"A. Jiries, M. Batarseh, Tayel El-Hassen, Anf H. Ziadet, F. Al-Nasir, B. Berdanier","doi":"10.1080/15555270802216073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270802216073","url":null,"abstract":"The lichen, Rizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC, grown on walls and roofs along the main streets in Amman city-Jordan, was used as a bioindicator for atmospheric pollution. The samples were collected from three areas representing high traffic, residential, and remote sites. The results of heavy metals concentration (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Co) showed clear variations between the investigated sites comparedto that of the remote site. The highest concentrations occurred at the busy traffic sites and the lowest at the remote site. Peak concentrations of zinc (1206 μg g−1), copper (255 μg g−1), lead (400 μg g−1), cadmium (1.8 μg g−1) and cobalt (4.1 μg g−1) were observed at the city center of Amman that characterized busy road traffic. The heavy metal concentrations of lichens at Amman city were found to be at the upper limit values reported in the literature for temperate countries. Furthermore, lichens were found to be comparable to dust deposits and tree bark in terms of heavy metals content for the metropolitan area.","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"3 1","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270802216073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-31DOI: 10.1080/15555270801973559
J. Hinton, M. Veiga
Between 10 and 15 million artisanal and small-scale miners in more than 50 countries directly rely on gold mining for their livelihoods. Mainly due to the rudimentary techniques that characterize artisanal mining, these activities are frequently accompanied by extensive environmental degradation and deplorable socio-economic conditions. Mercury, cheap, easy-to-use and effective, is commonly used to recover gold through amalgamation. Due to its misuse, between 800 and 1000 tonnes of mercury are released into the air, water, and soils by artisanal gold miners every year. This generates serious health hazards for miners involved in gold extraction, as well as for surrounding community inhabitants, who may be exposed via high levels of mercury in fish they consume. The metallic mercury discharged by miners into the environment has the potential to undergo many changes, including the transformation to a readily bioavailable and highly toxic form of mercury, methylmercury. A laboratory methodology using the ear...
{"title":"The Influence of Organic Acids on Mercury Bioavailability: Insight from an Earthworm Assessment Protocol","authors":"J. Hinton, M. Veiga","doi":"10.1080/15555270801973559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270801973559","url":null,"abstract":"Between 10 and 15 million artisanal and small-scale miners in more than 50 countries directly rely on gold mining for their livelihoods. Mainly due to the rudimentary techniques that characterize artisanal mining, these activities are frequently accompanied by extensive environmental degradation and deplorable socio-economic conditions. Mercury, cheap, easy-to-use and effective, is commonly used to recover gold through amalgamation. Due to its misuse, between 800 and 1000 tonnes of mercury are released into the air, water, and soils by artisanal gold miners every year. This generates serious health hazards for miners involved in gold extraction, as well as for surrounding community inhabitants, who may be exposed via high levels of mercury in fish they consume. The metallic mercury discharged by miners into the environment has the potential to undergo many changes, including the transformation to a readily bioavailable and highly toxic form of mercury, methylmercury. A laboratory methodology using the ear...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"44 1","pages":"47-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270801973559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-31DOI: 10.1080/15555270701885747
S. Kholodkevich, A. Ivanov, A. Kurakin, E. L. Kornienko, V. Fedotov
It is widely accepted that efficient water resource management should be based on ecological safety criteria and hence must include assessment of valid and contemporary information about state of natural aquatic ecosystems. Methods of biomonitoring and in particular those that use biomarker approaches seem to be the most effective and reliable to obtain such information. Within the framework of such an approach there was created a System for Industrial Biological Water Quality Monitoring (SIBWQM) based on an original fiber-optic method for registration and analysis of cardiac activity of benthic invertebrates. This system is aimed toward providing a real time monitoring of water toxicity levels. Such automatic systems have been set up at all water intakes of St. Petersburg and used in industrial operations for more than two years. Results of relevant experience and future perspectives are discussed.
{"title":"Real Time Biomonitoring of Surface Water Toxicity Level at Water Supply Stations","authors":"S. Kholodkevich, A. Ivanov, A. Kurakin, E. L. Kornienko, V. Fedotov","doi":"10.1080/15555270701885747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701885747","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that efficient water resource management should be based on ecological safety criteria and hence must include assessment of valid and contemporary information about state of natural aquatic ecosystems. Methods of biomonitoring and in particular those that use biomarker approaches seem to be the most effective and reliable to obtain such information. Within the framework of such an approach there was created a System for Industrial Biological Water Quality Monitoring (SIBWQM) based on an original fiber-optic method for registration and analysis of cardiac activity of benthic invertebrates. This system is aimed toward providing a real time monitoring of water toxicity levels. Such automatic systems have been set up at all water intakes of St. Petersburg and used in industrial operations for more than two years. Results of relevant experience and future perspectives are discussed.","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"25 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701885747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-31DOI: 10.1080/15555270701779460
R. Ambo-Rappe, D. Lajus, M. Schreider
Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that colonize near-shore environments. Concern has arisen over increasing concentrations of heavy metals in these systems resulting from industrial and urban development due to the ability of seagrass to accumulate trace metals from the environment without showing any impact on their productivity. This may pose a threat to a coastal community because the polluted seagrass will then provide a source of contamination to seagrass consumers. The main aim of this study was to determine whether there was any detectable effect of heavy metal pollution in seagrass on associated fauna. Fluctuating asymmetry of shell structure of a bivalve, Anadara trapezia, were employed as biomarkers for this environmental study. The result from this study revealed that A. trapezia showed distinct morphological characters and high shell asymmetry in the polluted location. Thus, A. trapezia associated with seagrass may be responsive to heavy metal stress and possibly a good indicator of heavy metal pollution in this system. The present study discusses the possibility of using a more cost-effective biomarker to define areas of heavy metal pollution.
{"title":"Higher Fluctuating Asymmetry: Indication of Stress on Anadara trapezia Associated with Contaminated Seagrass","authors":"R. Ambo-Rappe, D. Lajus, M. Schreider","doi":"10.1080/15555270701779460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701779460","url":null,"abstract":"Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that colonize near-shore environments. Concern has arisen over increasing concentrations of heavy metals in these systems resulting from industrial and urban development due to the ability of seagrass to accumulate trace metals from the environment without showing any impact on their productivity. This may pose a threat to a coastal community because the polluted seagrass will then provide a source of contamination to seagrass consumers. The main aim of this study was to determine whether there was any detectable effect of heavy metal pollution in seagrass on associated fauna. Fluctuating asymmetry of shell structure of a bivalve, Anadara trapezia, were employed as biomarkers for this environmental study. The result from this study revealed that A. trapezia showed distinct morphological characters and high shell asymmetry in the polluted location. Thus, A. trapezia associated with seagrass may be responsive to heavy metal stress and possibly a good indicator of heavy metal pollution in this system. The present study discusses the possibility of using a more cost-effective biomarker to define areas of heavy metal pollution.","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"3 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701779460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-31DOI: 10.1080/15555270701885762
C. Menta, A. Leoni, Marika Bardini, C. Gardi, F. Gatti
Reclaimed waste disposal sites usually have problems regarding soil quality. Their topsoil is generally affected by physical, biological and sometimes chemical degradation. These conditions in turn affect both site plant and animal communities and, in a more general sense, the effectiveness of the restoration process itself. The site's fauna, either inherited with the soil or established after its introduction, has a community complexity defined by the structure of the soil: generally the more structured the soil, the more complex the community. There exists a relevant number of fauna bioindicators that can be used to evaluate soil quality and monitor the restoration process. We have used two bioindicators to compare our research results: the Maturity Index (MI), based on the nematode population and the Soil Biology Quality (QBS-ar) index, based on soil microarthropods. These indicators were applied to the topsoil of a reclaimed waste disposal site and to wild grassland and wood soils.
{"title":"Nematode and Microarthropod Communities: Comparative Use of Soil Quality Bioindicators in Covered Dump and Natural Soils","authors":"C. Menta, A. Leoni, Marika Bardini, C. Gardi, F. Gatti","doi":"10.1080/15555270701885762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701885762","url":null,"abstract":"Reclaimed waste disposal sites usually have problems regarding soil quality. Their topsoil is generally affected by physical, biological and sometimes chemical degradation. These conditions in turn affect both site plant and animal communities and, in a more general sense, the effectiveness of the restoration process itself. The site's fauna, either inherited with the soil or established after its introduction, has a community complexity defined by the structure of the soil: generally the more structured the soil, the more complex the community. There exists a relevant number of fauna bioindicators that can be used to evaluate soil quality and monitor the restoration process. We have used two bioindicators to compare our research results: the Maturity Index (MI), based on the nematode population and the Soil Biology Quality (QBS-ar) index, based on soil microarthropods. These indicators were applied to the topsoil of a reclaimed waste disposal site and to wild grassland and wood soils.","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"3 1","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701885762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-31DOI: 10.1080/15555270701837094
R. Troast, J. D. Willett
Nematodes have been used as test organisms for many new endpoints in toxicity. Much of this has been reported in texts and in the Wormbook, published by the C.elegans research community. Key factors in measuring toxicity are the amount of toxic material absorbed and its bioavailability. This study demonstrates that there are markers for toxicity that respond to both toxicity and the bioavailability, thus providing data points to accurately express the real environmental threat. Alterations in key metabolites of the tryptophan pathway were observed in studies of C. elegans exposed to soluble and insoluble lead. The changes observed correlate to the metal's bioavailability. Of note was the increase in anthranilic acid (AA) production with increasing exposure to bioavailable lead. This was the only metabolite of tryptophan that showed any increase in concentration. Nematodes exposed to other metals of environmental significance including cadmium, tin and arsenic at concentration levels found in contaminated ...
{"title":"Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Tool for Identifying Environmental Lead Contamination: A new endpoint for relating exposures to lead risk","authors":"R. Troast, J. D. Willett","doi":"10.1080/15555270701837094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270701837094","url":null,"abstract":"Nematodes have been used as test organisms for many new endpoints in toxicity. Much of this has been reported in texts and in the Wormbook, published by the C.elegans research community. Key factors in measuring toxicity are the amount of toxic material absorbed and its bioavailability. This study demonstrates that there are markers for toxicity that respond to both toxicity and the bioavailability, thus providing data points to accurately express the real environmental threat. Alterations in key metabolites of the tryptophan pathway were observed in studies of C. elegans exposed to soluble and insoluble lead. The changes observed correlate to the metal's bioavailability. Of note was the increase in anthranilic acid (AA) production with increasing exposure to bioavailable lead. This was the only metabolite of tryptophan that showed any increase in concentration. Nematodes exposed to other metals of environmental significance including cadmium, tin and arsenic at concentration levels found in contaminated ...","PeriodicalId":92776,"journal":{"name":"Environmental bioindicators","volume":"3 1","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15555270701837094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60025406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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