Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden with a high economic cost to health systems and diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the significant predictors to the development of CKD. The study aimed to determine the association between the duration of DM and CKD staging among T2DM patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the National Diabetes Registry’s (NDR) audited patients for the year of 2018 to 2020 at Padang Terap, Kedah. The eGFR was calculated from serum creatinine value and classified into six categories based on the KDIGO classification. Multinominal logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association. Results: A total of 963 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of CKD was 38.6%. The majority of T2DM patients were elderly Malay females. The prevalence of stage 1 was 6.95%, stage 2 was 5.4%, stage 3a was 12.35%, stage 3b was 8.10%, stage 4 was 3.86% and stage 5 was 1.93%. In the multivariable analysis, in model 1 (unadjusted) the p-value showed a significant association between duration of DM and CKD staging. By adjusting with other blocks of variables (Model 2 to Model 6) were also found to be in a significant association (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that there was an association between the duration of DM and CKD staging. Early detection of CKD and glycemic control are essential to delay the onset of diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes control should be optimized to reduce diabetes-related complications and minimize adverse events.
{"title":"Association Between Duration of Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease Staging Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Padang Terap, Kedah, Malaysia","authors":"Abdul Hadi Mohd Zuki, Mohamad Rodi Isa","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden with a high economic cost to health systems and diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the significant predictors to the development of CKD. The study aimed to determine the association between the duration of DM and CKD staging among T2DM patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the National Diabetes Registry’s (NDR) audited patients for the year of 2018 to 2020 at Padang Terap, Kedah. The eGFR was calculated from serum creatinine value and classified into six categories based on the KDIGO classification. Multinominal logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association. Results: A total of 963 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of CKD was 38.6%. The majority of T2DM patients were elderly Malay females. The prevalence of stage 1 was 6.95%, stage 2 was 5.4%, stage 3a was 12.35%, stage 3b was 8.10%, stage 4 was 3.86% and stage 5 was 1.93%. In the multivariable analysis, in model 1 (unadjusted) the p-value showed a significant association between duration of DM and CKD staging. By adjusting with other blocks of variables (Model 2 to Model 6) were also found to be in a significant association (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that there was an association between the duration of DM and CKD staging. Early detection of CKD and glycemic control are essential to delay the onset of diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes control should be optimized to reduce diabetes-related complications and minimize adverse events.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decature Banker, L. Baccaglini, M. McCann, C. Achutan
Job stress can lead to adverse physical and emotional health effects in employees. It is worse during an emergency or pandemic. This cross-sectional study looked at Campus Safety Officers and Dental School employees, who’s work puts them at risk for COVID-19 exposure. We hypothesized that Campus Safety Officers and Dental School employees who felt adequately trained to conduct COVID-19 related work would not feel more stressed during the COVID-19 pandemic than they did before the pandemic. We provided a self-administered questionnaire to 148 employees between April and July 2020. Of the 148 questionnaires, 147 were included in our study. There were 42 Campus Safety Officers (28.6%) and 105 Dental School employees (71.4%). Most study participants were younger than 40 years of age (51.1%), and male (52.4%). Forty-four had over 20 years of work experience. We found a significant association between employee perception of stress, perception of adequate training to conduct pandemic work (p≤0.0001), and gender (p=0.022). Although most study participants felt adequately trained to conduct work relating to COVID-19 (60.9%), they still felt more stressed during the pandemic than before (47.6%). Mental health support is critical to reduce the impact of stress.
{"title":"Assessing Occupational Stress and Preparedness Among Campus Safety Officers and Dental School Employees at an Academic Medical Center During COVID-19","authors":"Decature Banker, L. Baccaglini, M. McCann, C. Achutan","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100203","url":null,"abstract":"Job stress can lead to adverse physical and emotional health effects in employees. It is worse during an emergency or pandemic. This cross-sectional study looked at Campus Safety Officers and Dental School employees, who’s work puts them at risk for COVID-19 exposure. We hypothesized that Campus Safety Officers and Dental School employees who felt adequately trained to conduct COVID-19 related work would not feel more stressed during the COVID-19 pandemic than they did before the pandemic. We provided a self-administered questionnaire to 148 employees between April and July 2020. Of the 148 questionnaires, 147 were included in our study. There were 42 Campus Safety Officers (28.6%) and 105 Dental School employees (71.4%). Most study participants were younger than 40 years of age (51.1%), and male (52.4%). Forty-four had over 20 years of work experience. We found a significant association between employee perception of stress, perception of adequate training to conduct pandemic work (p≤0.0001), and gender (p=0.022). Although most study participants felt adequately trained to conduct work relating to COVID-19 (60.9%), they still felt more stressed during the pandemic than before (47.6%). Mental health support is critical to reduce the impact of stress.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Declan Chibueze Onyechege, N. Nor, Wan Azman Saini Wan Ngah, Mohd Naseem Bin Niaz Ahmad
Purpose: This research is an empirical investigation on the rate in which infectious diseases have impacted on health outcome in Nigeria. Over the years, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and others have been rampaging the health outcome of the people mostly those in Africa and in Nigeria to be precise. Many people have lost their precious life because of these infectious diseases and many are still in anticipation of losing their lives too. Efforts by the Nigeria government to curtail the prevalence of infectious diseases seems abortive. This paper is to find out the level in which infectious diseases have been affecting health outcome of the people in Nigeria and proffer a solution to the menace. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper is an empirical research. The methodology used is the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model which helps to find out the rate of impacts and effects of infectious diseases on health outcome in Nigeria. Being an empirical study, secondary annual data (1985 – 2018) were used and their sources are reliable. Findings: The result from the findings shows that infectious diseases have negative impacts on health outcome in Nigeria over the years of study. However, HIV/AIDS was significant at 10% over those years, while Tuberculosis showed no significance impact on health outcome. Originality/Value: This study approached infectious diseases and health outcome in Nigeria. It will help to foster good economic policies to curb the prevalence of infectious diseases and boast health outcome in Nigeria knowing that most of the efforts the government of Nigeria abducted previously seem abortive. The conclusion part of this study is a good policy implementation ideas and strategic plans to eradicate the menace.
{"title":"Empirical Evidence on the Impact of Infectious Diseases on Health-Outcome in Nigeria","authors":"Declan Chibueze Onyechege, N. Nor, Wan Azman Saini Wan Ngah, Mohd Naseem Bin Niaz Ahmad","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100206","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This research is an empirical investigation on the rate in which infectious diseases have impacted on health outcome in Nigeria. Over the years, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and others have been rampaging the health outcome of the people mostly those in Africa and in Nigeria to be precise. Many people have lost their precious life because of these infectious diseases and many are still in anticipation of losing their lives too. Efforts by the Nigeria government to curtail the prevalence of infectious diseases seems abortive. This paper is to find out the level in which infectious diseases have been affecting health outcome of the people in Nigeria and proffer a solution to the menace. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper is an empirical research. The methodology used is the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model which helps to find out the rate of impacts and effects of infectious diseases on health outcome in Nigeria. Being an empirical study, secondary annual data (1985 – 2018) were used and their sources are reliable. Findings: The result from the findings shows that infectious diseases have negative impacts on health outcome in Nigeria over the years of study. However, HIV/AIDS was significant at 10% over those years, while Tuberculosis showed no significance impact on health outcome. Originality/Value: This study approached infectious diseases and health outcome in Nigeria. It will help to foster good economic policies to curb the prevalence of infectious diseases and boast health outcome in Nigeria knowing that most of the efforts the government of Nigeria abducted previously seem abortive. The conclusion part of this study is a good policy implementation ideas and strategic plans to eradicate the menace.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Longo Jean De Dieu, Woromogo Sylvain Honore, Diemer Henri Saint Calvaire, Niamate Lemotomo Christelle, Fandema Emmanuel, Tékpa Gaspard, G. Gérard
Like other countries in the world, the Central African Republic is committed to the fight against the elimination of neonatal tetanus (NNT). Despite the efforts made, the number of NNT cases continues to grow. The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological profile and identify the risk factors for the occurrence of NNT in rural Central African areas in order to improve control strategies in this context. This was a case-control study of newborns with tetanus (case) or not (controls), conducted between 2014 and 2019 at the Gazi Secondary Health Center. A questionnaire collected socio-demographic and clinical data that were entered and analyzed using the Epi info 7 software. Multiple logistic regression used to establish the relationship between the occurrence of tetanus and the characteristics of the mother and the newborn, through the ORs and their 95% CI. A total of 332 newborns were included, including 166 cases of NNT and 166 controls. The average age was 7.8 ±3.6 days. The incidence of NNT was 2.7 and 5.2 cases per 1000 live births in 2014 and 2019 respectively. The main risk factors for NNT were new males (p=0.04), low maternal education (p=0.001), separation from health care (p=0.006), primiparity (p<0.001), low number of antenatal visits (p<0.003) and low tetanus vaccine coverage (p<0.001). According to newborn care practices: home birth (p=0.002), delivery by unskilled personnel (p<0.001), umbilical cord septic section (p<0.001), no cord dressing (p<0.001) and septic dressing (p=0.012) were statistically associated with the occurrence of NNT in our context. In rural Central African Africa, the incidence of neonatal tetanus remains high and the risk factors are multiple. Effective health promotion measures can contribute to the elimination of this disease.
与世界上其他国家一样，中非共和国致力于消除新生儿破伤风的斗争。尽管作出了努力，但新冠肺炎病例的数量继续增加。这项工作的目的是描述流行病学概况并确定中非农村地区发生NNT的危险因素，以便改进这方面的控制战略。这是一项2014年至2019年在加齐二级卫生中心对新生儿破伤风(病例)或非病例(对照组)进行的病例对照研究。问卷收集了社会人口统计和临床数据，并使用Epi info 7软件进行了输入和分析。采用多元logistic回归，通过ORs及其95% CI建立破伤风发生与母婴特征之间的关系。共纳入332名新生儿，包括166例NNT病例和166例对照。平均年龄7.8±3.6 d。2014年和2019年，NNT的发病率分别为每1000例活产2.7例和5.2例。新生儿破伤风的主要危险因素是新生儿(p=0.04)、产妇受教育程度低(p=0.001)、与保健机构分离(p=0.006)、初产(p<0.001)、产前检查次数少(p<0.003)和破伤风疫苗覆盖率低(p<0.001)。根据新生儿护理实践:在我们的研究中，家中分娩(p=0.002)、非熟练人员分娩(p<0.001)、脐带脓毒性切片(p<0.001)、无脐带包扎(p<0.001)和脓毒性包扎(p=0.012)与NNT的发生有统计学关联。在中非农村，新生儿破伤风的发病率仍然很高，危险因素多种多样。有效的健康促进措施有助于消除这种疾病。
{"title":"Elimination of Neonatal Tetanus in Rural Central African Republic: Issues and Challenges","authors":"Longo Jean De Dieu, Woromogo Sylvain Honore, Diemer Henri Saint Calvaire, Niamate Lemotomo Christelle, Fandema Emmanuel, Tékpa Gaspard, G. Gérard","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100208","url":null,"abstract":"Like other countries in the world, the Central African Republic is committed to the fight against the elimination of neonatal tetanus (NNT). Despite the efforts made, the number of NNT cases continues to grow. The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological profile and identify the risk factors for the occurrence of NNT in rural Central African areas in order to improve control strategies in this context. This was a case-control study of newborns with tetanus (case) or not (controls), conducted between 2014 and 2019 at the Gazi Secondary Health Center. A questionnaire collected socio-demographic and clinical data that were entered and analyzed using the Epi info 7 software. Multiple logistic regression used to establish the relationship between the occurrence of tetanus and the characteristics of the mother and the newborn, through the ORs and their 95% CI. A total of 332 newborns were included, including 166 cases of NNT and 166 controls. The average age was 7.8 ±3.6 days. The incidence of NNT was 2.7 and 5.2 cases per 1000 live births in 2014 and 2019 respectively. The main risk factors for NNT were new males (p=0.04), low maternal education (p=0.001), separation from health care (p=0.006), primiparity (p<0.001), low number of antenatal visits (p<0.003) and low tetanus vaccine coverage (p<0.001). According to newborn care practices: home birth (p=0.002), delivery by unskilled personnel (p<0.001), umbilical cord septic section (p<0.001), no cord dressing (p<0.001) and septic dressing (p=0.012) were statistically associated with the occurrence of NNT in our context. In rural Central African Africa, the incidence of neonatal tetanus remains high and the risk factors are multiple. Effective health promotion measures can contribute to the elimination of this disease.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As of July 22, 2022, there were 3,528,282 total confirmed COVID-19 cases in Illinois, United States. The purpose of this study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to Illinois Region 4 adult residents’ poor mental health and assess the mental health burden the residents experienced during the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was administered via Qualtrics. Participants (N=632) living in the Illinois Region 4 counties of Bond, Clinton, Madison, Monroe, Randolph, St. Clair, and Washington were recruited through Facebook. The questionnaire was developed based on the current literature review and was validated by colleagues in public health. Both descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis using SPSS. Most of the participants identified as female (86.7%). Many of the participants had an associate’s (23.6%) or a bachelor’s (29.4%) degree. About 84% of the participants reported that COVID-19 had changed things in their daily life (e.g., work, family, and social life). There was significantly more perceived mental health burden during the pandemic than there was before the pandemic (p<0.001). Approximately 68% of participants believed more mental health resources should be made available within their county of residence. Overall, the study findings suggest the perceived mental health burden among Region 4 adults, which highlight the need for mental health issues to be prioritized and the allocation of mental health resources to be optimized.
{"title":"Perceived Mental Health Among Adult Residents Living in Region 4 Illinois, U.S., During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Kailah Hilmes, Alice Ma, C. Harville, Huaibo Xin","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100211","url":null,"abstract":"As of July 22, 2022, there were 3,528,282 total confirmed COVID-19 cases in Illinois, United States. The purpose of this study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to Illinois Region 4 adult residents’ poor mental health and assess the mental health burden the residents experienced during the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was administered via Qualtrics. Participants (N=632) living in the Illinois Region 4 counties of Bond, Clinton, Madison, Monroe, Randolph, St. Clair, and Washington were recruited through Facebook. The questionnaire was developed based on the current literature review and was validated by colleagues in public health. Both descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis using SPSS. Most of the participants identified as female (86.7%). Many of the participants had an associate’s (23.6%) or a bachelor’s (29.4%) degree. About 84% of the participants reported that COVID-19 had changed things in their daily life (e.g., work, family, and social life). There was significantly more perceived mental health burden during the pandemic than there was before the pandemic (p<0.001). Approximately 68% of participants believed more mental health resources should be made available within their county of residence. Overall, the study findings suggest the perceived mental health burden among Region 4 adults, which highlight the need for mental health issues to be prioritized and the allocation of mental health resources to be optimized.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69689213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People who have advanced HIV can display inadequate postural control because of the virus affecting the brain. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) mitigates some repercussions of the disease, maintaining a healthy immune system. The issue is that prolonged usage of ART may affect balance at a slower pace. Purpose: Assess postural control and balance perception in Latinx-Hispanic people living with HIV with a stable immune system. Methods: 42 (30 men and 12women) subjects took part in the investigation (57.2± 8.7 years old). Participants had to be diagnosed with HIV to enroll in the study with a CD4 count of > 500 cells/µL. The eight balance tasks (15 s each) were accomplished on a thick balance foam mat and further partitioned into two parts, four single and four dual cognitive tasks (subjects counting backward three numbers at a time). Results: We measured balance using body-worn accelerometers (ACC) and the ABC scale. There was a considerable increase in sway movements within the different tasks, χ2 (8) = 194.314, p = 0.00. This increment in postural movements was observed when single and dual tasks were contrasted for EO (Z=-2.169, p=005) and EOHUD (Z=-2.344, p 0.05). Related to the ABC scale, subjects scored lower, notably in tasks involving more balance demands. Conclusion: HIV-diagnosed individuals with a stable immune system exhibit increased postural alteration and perceive balance difficulties with activities requiring higher motor control demands. Clinicians should assess the balance in people living with HIV in all stages of the disease as a prevention tool.
由于病毒影响大脑，晚期艾滋病毒感染者可能表现出姿势控制不足。抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)减轻了疾病的一些影响，维持了健康的免疫系统。问题是，长期使用抗逆转录病毒治疗可能会以较慢的速度影响平衡。目的:评估具有稳定免疫系统的拉丁-西班牙裔艾滋病病毒感染者的姿势控制和平衡感知。方法:42例(男30例，女12例)患者(年龄57.2±8.7岁)参加调查。参与者必须被诊断患有艾滋病毒，CD4细胞计数为100 500个/µL。八项平衡任务(每项15秒)在厚厚的平衡泡沫垫上完成，并进一步分为两部分，四项单一认知任务和四项双重认知任务(受试者一次向后数三个数字)。结果:我们使用穿戴式加速度计(ACC)和ABC量表测量平衡。不同任务间的摇摆运动明显增加，χ2 (8) = 194.314, p = 0.00。在EO (Z=-2.169, p=005)和EOHUD (Z=-2.344, p 0.05)的单任务和双任务对比中，观察到这种姿势运动的增加。与ABC量表相关，受试者得分较低，特别是在涉及更多平衡要求的任务中。结论:免疫系统稳定的hiv诊断个体在需要更高运动控制需求的活动中表现出更多的姿势改变和感知平衡困难。临床医生应评估艾滋病毒感染者在疾病各个阶段的平衡，作为预防工具。
{"title":"Motor Control Alterations and the Perception of Postural Instability in non-Fallers Latinx-Hispanic Adults Living with HIV","authors":"Martin G. Rosario","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100194","url":null,"abstract":"People who have advanced HIV can display inadequate postural control because of the virus affecting the brain. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) mitigates some repercussions of the disease, maintaining a healthy immune system. The issue is that prolonged usage of ART may affect balance at a slower pace. Purpose: Assess postural control and balance perception in Latinx-Hispanic people living with HIV with a stable immune system. Methods: 42 (30 men and 12women) subjects took part in the investigation (57.2± 8.7 years old). Participants had to be diagnosed with HIV to enroll in the study with a CD4 count of > 500 cells/µL. The eight balance tasks (15 s each) were accomplished on a thick balance foam mat and further partitioned into two parts, four single and four dual cognitive tasks (subjects counting backward three numbers at a time). Results: We measured balance using body-worn accelerometers (ACC) and the ABC scale. There was a considerable increase in sway movements within the different tasks, χ2 (8) = 194.314, p = 0.00. This increment in postural movements was observed when single and dual tasks were contrasted for EO (Z=-2.169, p=005) and EOHUD (Z=-2.344, p 0.05). Related to the ABC scale, subjects scored lower, notably in tasks involving more balance demands. Conclusion: HIV-diagnosed individuals with a stable immune system exhibit increased postural alteration and perceive balance difficulties with activities requiring higher motor control demands. Clinicians should assess the balance in people living with HIV in all stages of the disease as a prevention tool.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than five thousand workers lost their lives in 2018 due to occupational incidents. Research suggests that increased job control and safety citizenship can help mitigate occupational incidents. This study aims to answer the following research question: Does a relationship exist between the behavior of reporting occupational injuries and both job control and safety citizenship? This exploratory cross-sectional study used an employee perception questionnaire to examine the behavior of reporting occupational injuries, employee job control, and six safety citizenship sub-dimensions of action (i.e. stewardship, civic virtue, whistleblowing, initiating safety-related change, voice, and helping) at two companies in the Midwestern region of the United States. The survey consisted of 34 items and used a 5-point Likert Scale to quantify the data gathered along with other demographic variables. An ordinal logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the behavior of reporting occupational injuries, job control, and the six sub-dimensions of safety citizenship was conducted. Results indicate that job control ( X2 = 8.512, df = 1, p < 0.05) and whistleblowing (X2 = 4.836, df = 1, p < 0.05) predict the behavior of occupational injury reporting.
2018年，有5000多名工人因职业事故丧生。研究表明，加强工作控制和安全公民意识有助于减轻职业事故。本研究旨在回答以下研究问题:职业伤害报告行为与工作控制和安全公民之间是否存在关系?本探索性横断面研究使用员工感知问卷调查了美国中西部地区两家公司报告职业伤害、员工工作控制和六个安全公民行动子维度(即管理、公民美德、举报、发起安全相关变革、声音和帮助)的行为。该调查包括34个项目，并使用5点李克特量表来量化收集的数据以及其他人口统计变量。采用有序logistic回归分析，探讨职业伤害报告行为、工作控制与安全公民六个子维度之间的关系。结果表明，工作控制(X2 = 8.512, df = 1, p < 0.05)和举报(X2 = 4.836, df = 1, p < 0.05)对职业伤害报告行为有预测作用。
{"title":"The Relationship Between Reporting Occupational Injuries, Job Control, and Safety Citizenship Sub-dimensions of Action","authors":"C. Pinion","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100178","url":null,"abstract":"More than five thousand workers lost their lives in 2018 due to occupational incidents. Research suggests that increased job control and safety citizenship can help mitigate occupational incidents. This study aims to answer the following research question: Does a relationship exist between the behavior of reporting occupational injuries and both job control and safety citizenship? This exploratory cross-sectional study used an employee perception questionnaire to examine the behavior of reporting occupational injuries, employee job control, and six safety citizenship sub-dimensions of action (i.e. stewardship, civic virtue, whistleblowing, initiating safety-related change, voice, and helping) at two companies in the Midwestern region of the United States. The survey consisted of 34 items and used a 5-point Likert Scale to quantify the data gathered along with other demographic variables. An ordinal logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the behavior of reporting occupational injuries, job control, and the six sub-dimensions of safety citizenship was conducted. Results indicate that job control ( X2 = 8.512, df = 1, p < 0.05) and whistleblowing (X2 = 4.836, df = 1, p < 0.05) predict the behavior of occupational injury reporting.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46536821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamara L. Goldsby, Michael E. Goldsby, Madisen Haines, Chiara Marrapodi, J. Galdós, D. Chopra, Paul J. Mills
Background: Chronic stress in Western society may currently be characterized as a public health concern at pandemic levels and may be at risk of crossing a tipping point, as evidenced by major societal unrest. While evolutionarily, activation of the body’s sympathetic nervous system (SNS) exists to protect the individual by triggering the ‘fight or flight’ response, this response has been observed to be chronically occurring in a significant number of individuals in Western society. This chronically stressed physiological state has been linked to numerous physical health problems, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, as well as mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, and behavioral problems such as addictions. When considered in the framework of Systems Theory, the multiple levels of stress – including individual, relationship, and societal levels – may be viewed as interacting and thus compounding features of the system. In this context, this paper also briefly discusses the potential benefits of using Integrative Health treatment approaches as a priority to counter the pandemic’s multiple levels of psychosocial stress. Objective: This paper strives to examine the pandemic of psychosocial stress in Western society in terms of a Systems Theory and Integrative Health framework. Conclusion: The next logical step in attempting to avoid and abate more disastrous results of the stress pandemic would include examining effective and promising treatments for chronic stress. Therefore, the present paper recommends the pursuit of extensive research into effective treatments for stress, especially examining treatments that take a whole-person or integrative approach.
{"title":"The Promise of Applying Systems Theory and Integrative Health Approaches to the Current Psychosocial Stress Pandemic","authors":"Tamara L. Goldsby, Michael E. Goldsby, Madisen Haines, Chiara Marrapodi, J. Galdós, D. Chopra, Paul J. Mills","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic stress in Western society may currently be characterized as a public health concern at pandemic levels and may be at risk of crossing a tipping point, as evidenced by major societal unrest. While evolutionarily, activation of the body’s sympathetic nervous system (SNS) exists to protect the individual by triggering the ‘fight or flight’ response, this response has been observed to be chronically occurring in a significant number of individuals in Western society. This chronically stressed physiological state has been linked to numerous physical health problems, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, as well as mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, and behavioral problems such as addictions. When considered in the framework of Systems Theory, the multiple levels of stress – including individual, relationship, and societal levels – may be viewed as interacting and thus compounding features of the system. In this context, this paper also briefly discusses the potential benefits of using Integrative Health treatment approaches as a priority to counter the pandemic’s multiple levels of psychosocial stress. Objective: This paper strives to examine the pandemic of psychosocial stress in Western society in terms of a Systems Theory and Integrative Health framework. Conclusion: The next logical step in attempting to avoid and abate more disastrous results of the stress pandemic would include examining effective and promising treatments for chronic stress. Therefore, the present paper recommends the pursuit of extensive research into effective treatments for stress, especially examining treatments that take a whole-person or integrative approach.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69687958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Ma, Brittany D. Chambers, Amanda E. Tanner, Kari C. Kugler, Jeffrey J. Milroy, David L. Wyrick
We examined the intersection of alcohol use and hookups among transgender college students to identify sexual behaviors that may reduce negative hookup experiences. Our analytic sample included US college students who identified as transgender (n=36; 11 trans men and 25 trans women). Descriptive analyses were performed using the Online College Social Life Survey (2005–2011) to describe transgender students’ alcohol use, hookups, and related sexual behaviors. Twenty-five (69.4%) transgender students reported a hookup since entering college. The majority (n=19; 76.0%) of hookups included only non-penetrative sexual behaviors. Of these hookups, nearly half (n=9; 47.4%) reported heavy drinking. Some condom use was reported with penetrative hookups. This suggests that transgender students use some lower risk strategies during hookups. Alcohol use was high, which has implications for the consistent use of these behaviors to reduce negative hookup experiences.
{"title":"Examining the Intersection of Alcohol Use and Hookups among Transgender College Students: A Descriptive Study","authors":"Alice Ma, Brittany D. Chambers, Amanda E. Tanner, Kari C. Kugler, Jeffrey J. Milroy, David L. Wyrick","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100183","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the intersection of alcohol use and hookups among transgender college students to identify sexual behaviors that may reduce negative hookup experiences. Our analytic sample included US college students who identified as transgender (n=36; 11 trans men and 25 trans women). Descriptive analyses were performed using the Online College Social Life Survey (2005–2011) to describe transgender students’ alcohol use, hookups, and related sexual behaviors. Twenty-five (69.4%) transgender students reported a hookup since entering college. The majority (n=19; 76.0%) of hookups included only non-penetrative sexual behaviors. Of these hookups, nearly half (n=9; 47.4%) reported heavy drinking. Some condom use was reported with penetrative hookups. This suggests that transgender students use some lower risk strategies during hookups. Alcohol use was high, which has implications for the consistent use of these behaviors to reduce negative hookup experiences.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Children’s exposure to particulate matter (PM) is of great interest because it can cause adverse health effects, including asthma, and decreased lung function. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of PM in low socio-economic status homes in Omaha, Nebraska. Between October 2018 and September 2019, we collected ambient air PM samples from 30 homes, of which 70% had at least one asthmatic child. Samples were collected at the 2-foot level and the 4-foot level to approximate the breathing zones of toddlers and older children, respectively. We also asked the study participants questions related to indoor air quality (IAQ). Indoor PM levels ranged from 4.28 to 72.81 μg/m3. There was a significant association between IAQ and the furnace filter status (dirty or clean) (p = 0.023, OR = 7.5 [95% confidence interval: 1.40, 39.84]). We found that IAQ status suggests a significant association with the level of housekeeping (p = 0.05, OR = 4.76 [95% confidence interval: 0.95, 23.86]). Indoor PM levels varied significantly between 2 feet and 4 feet (p < 0.05). PM levels could differ substantially depending on the furnace filter’s status. In addition, exposure to PM can significantly depend on the child’s height.
儿童暴露于颗粒物(PM)引起了极大的兴趣，因为它会造成不良的健康影响，包括哮喘和肺功能下降。本研究的目的是确定内布拉斯加州奥马哈低社会经济地位家庭的PM水平。在2018年10月至2019年9月期间，我们从30个家庭收集了环境空气PM样本，其中70%的家庭至少有一名哮喘儿童。样本分别在2英尺和4英尺的高度收集，以近似幼儿和年龄较大的儿童的呼吸区。我们还向研究参与者询问了有关室内空气质量(IAQ)的问题。室内PM水平从4.28到72.81 μg/m3不等。室内空气质量与炉体过滤器状态(脏或干净)之间存在显著关联(p = 0.023, or = 7.5[95%置信区间:1.40,39.84])。我们发现室内空气质量状况与家务管理水平显著相关(p = 0.05, OR = 4.76[95%可信区间:0.95,23.86])。室内PM水平在2英尺和4英尺之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。根据炉过滤器的状态，PM水平可能会有很大的不同。此外，儿童暴露于PM的程度很大程度上取决于其身高。
{"title":"Assessment of Particulate Matter Levels in Homes with Children","authors":"Ali Al Rabou","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100185","url":null,"abstract":"Children’s exposure to particulate matter (PM) is of great interest because it can cause adverse health effects, including asthma, and decreased lung function. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of PM in low socio-economic status homes in Omaha, Nebraska. Between October 2018 and September 2019, we collected ambient air PM samples from 30 homes, of which 70% had at least one asthmatic child. Samples were collected at the 2-foot level and the 4-foot level to approximate the breathing zones of toddlers and older children, respectively. We also asked the study participants questions related to indoor air quality (IAQ). Indoor PM levels ranged from 4.28 to 72.81 μg/m3. There was a significant association between IAQ and the furnace filter status (dirty or clean) (p = 0.023, OR = 7.5 [95% confidence interval: 1.40, 39.84]). We found that IAQ status suggests a significant association with the level of housekeeping (p = 0.05, OR = 4.76 [95% confidence interval: 0.95, 23.86]). Indoor PM levels varied significantly between 2 feet and 4 feet (p < 0.05). PM levels could differ substantially depending on the furnace filter’s status. In addition, exposure to PM can significantly depend on the child’s height.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：