The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is increasing globally. Due to its high incidence rate reported globally, ASD should be considered as a public health emergency that requires immediate attention to the process of screening, diagnosis, and intervention. This is a preliminary case study to test the efficacy of the neurofeedback technique in helping an Asperger’s child to reduce his pathological symptoms (e.g., sociability, sensory/cognitive awareness, communication/ speech/ language, and physical behaviour). Neurofeedback is brain training based on the operant conditioning concept to regulate brainwave activities voluntarily using audio or visual feedback (real-time). In this study, we conducted neurofeedback training on an eight-year-old boy diagnosed with Aspergers aimed to enhance Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR) wave (12 to 15 Hz) and at the same time inhibiting theta wave (4-8 Hz) and high beta wave (22-36Hz) at C4 over the right motor area, with the reference electrode placed on A2 and ground electrode placed on A1. Twenty (20) sessions of neurofeedback training were conducted on the boy’s aims to improve his behaviour and emotional expression, language comprehension. The participant showed observable improvement after 20 sessions of neurofeedback training in sociability and speech/ language or communication subscale of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), and parent’s report. This study provided important evidence that neurofeedback training can be employed to improve the child’s Asperger’s symptoms.
{"title":"Neurofeedback (NFB) Training in Aspergers","authors":"Chua Bee Seok","doi":"10.51200/bjms.vi.3026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.vi.3026","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is increasing globally. Due to its high incidence rate reported globally, ASD should be considered as a public health emergency that requires immediate attention to the process of screening, diagnosis, and intervention. This is a preliminary case study to test the efficacy of the neurofeedback technique in helping an Asperger’s child to reduce his pathological symptoms (e.g., sociability, sensory/cognitive awareness, communication/ speech/ language, and physical behaviour). Neurofeedback is brain training based on the operant conditioning concept to regulate brainwave activities voluntarily using audio or visual feedback (real-time). In this study, we conducted neurofeedback training on an eight-year-old boy diagnosed with Aspergers aimed to enhance Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR) wave (12 to 15 Hz) and at the same time inhibiting theta wave (4-8 Hz) and high beta wave (22-36Hz) at C4 over the right motor area, with the reference electrode placed on A2 and ground electrode placed on A1. Twenty (20) sessions of neurofeedback training were conducted on the boy’s aims to improve his behaviour and emotional expression, language comprehension. The participant showed observable improvement after 20 sessions of neurofeedback training in sociability and speech/ language or communication subscale of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), and parent’s report. This study provided important evidence that neurofeedback training can be employed to improve the child’s Asperger’s symptoms.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88568807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loh Li Loong, Zamzuri Zakaria Mohamad, Mohamed Saufi Awang, Muhammad Wafiuddin
Tarlov cysts are pathological cerebrospinal fluid-filled sacs located in the space between the perineum and endoneurium of the nerve roots. Symptomatic Tarlov cysts are extremely rare. There is no consensus regarding the optimal surgical treatment for it up to date. We encountered a recurrent symptomatic sacral Tarlov cyst of a patient whose symptoms resolved after undergoing partial cyst resection, fabrication, imbrication, and duraplasty of sacral Tarlov cysts. A 53-year-old man was initially presented with worsening lower back and buttock region pain, sensory changes involving S1 – S3 distribution of the left lower limb in 2014. The initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lumbosacral had been carried out and revealed a perineural cyst at the level of S1 – S3. The patient did S1 – S3 laminectomy, fabrication, and imbrication after failed conservative treatment and his symptoms resolved for three years. However, similar symptoms recurred in 2017 and the repeated MRI revealed a recurrent well-defined multiloculated cystic structure was seen arising from the spinal canal of S1 – S3 level. The second time, the patient underwent laminectomy S1 – S3, partial cyst resection, fabrication, imbrication, and duraplasty of the sacral region. Many proposed surgical options are available for treating the symptomatic Tarlov cysts. There is no literature reviewed on the best surgical option for the recurrent symptomatic Tarlov cyst. We proposed sacral laminectomy, partial cyst resection, imbrication, fat graft packing, fabrication, and duraplasty in recurrent symptomatic sacral Tarlov cyst.
{"title":"Partial Cyst Resection, Fabrication, Imbrication and Duraplasty of Symptomatic Sacral Tarlov Cysts","authors":"Loh Li Loong, Zamzuri Zakaria Mohamad, Mohamed Saufi Awang, Muhammad Wafiuddin","doi":"10.51200/bjms.vi.1988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.vi.1988","url":null,"abstract":"Tarlov cysts are pathological cerebrospinal fluid-filled sacs located in the space between the perineum and endoneurium of the nerve roots. Symptomatic Tarlov cysts are extremely rare. There is no consensus regarding the optimal surgical treatment for it up to date. We encountered a recurrent symptomatic sacral Tarlov cyst of a patient whose symptoms resolved after undergoing partial cyst resection, fabrication, imbrication, and duraplasty of sacral Tarlov cysts. A 53-year-old man was initially presented with worsening lower back and buttock region pain, sensory changes involving S1 – S3 distribution of the left lower limb in 2014. The initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lumbosacral had been carried out and revealed a perineural cyst at the level of S1 – S3. The patient did S1 – S3 laminectomy, fabrication, and imbrication after failed conservative treatment and his symptoms resolved for three years. However, similar symptoms recurred in 2017 and the repeated MRI revealed a recurrent well-defined multiloculated cystic structure was seen arising from the spinal canal of S1 – S3 level. The second time, the patient underwent laminectomy S1 – S3, partial cyst resection, fabrication, imbrication, and duraplasty of the sacral region. Many proposed surgical options are available for treating the symptomatic Tarlov cysts. There is no literature reviewed on the best surgical option for the recurrent symptomatic Tarlov cyst. We proposed sacral laminectomy, partial cyst resection, imbrication, fat graft packing, fabrication, and duraplasty in recurrent symptomatic sacral Tarlov cyst.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81477967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge synthesis is often a term that is widely used to define the process of summarizing and integrating research findings into the existing field of research of a specific topic. While knowledge syntheses can take many forms, it is commonly produced as a review of previously published literature in a specific field. With the recent tremendous increase in scientific, especially health, publications, conducting literature reviews has become an absolute necessity for investigators to scope out the body of research work that has already been done. Literature reviews provide a unique function of providing a clear and articulate understanding of the extent of previous work that has been done such that resources are not wasted in redundant duplication. Moreover, literature reviews can serve multiple purposes such as providing context to current crises, efficiently summarizing previously published work, identifying gaps in the literature of a specific topic, and aiding the overall advancement of knowledge in the research field of interest. In this manuscript, we provide detailed general steps for conducting a review based on standard and common methodological frameworks used to inform and conduct knowledge syntheses.
{"title":"Knowledge Synthesis in Health, Wellness and Social Care Research: The Fundamentals of Conducting Comprehensive Reviews","authors":"M. Kazi, N. Chowdhury, M. Chowdhury, T. Turin","doi":"10.51200/bjms.vi.3209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.vi.3209","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge synthesis is often a term that is widely used to define the process of summarizing and integrating research findings into the existing field of research of a specific topic. While knowledge syntheses can take many forms, it is commonly produced as a review of previously published literature in a specific field. With the recent tremendous increase in scientific, especially health, publications, conducting literature reviews has become an absolute necessity for investigators to scope out the body of research work that has already been done. Literature reviews provide a unique function of providing a clear and articulate understanding of the extent of previous work that has been done such that resources are not wasted in redundant duplication. Moreover, literature reviews can serve multiple purposes such as providing context to current crises, efficiently summarizing previously published work, identifying gaps in the literature of a specific topic, and aiding the overall advancement of knowledge in the research field of interest. In this manuscript, we provide detailed general steps for conducting a review based on standard and common methodological frameworks used to inform and conduct knowledge syntheses.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79352822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3732
Ruby Huong Yeng Ting, Chung Lee Sean, Filzah Rahilah Hussain, Anushia Raman, Chieng Lee Ling
Prevalence and causes of low vision and blind have been studied nationally and globally. However, similar studies have not been conducted locally in Sarawak. This study aims to identify the prevalence and causesof low vision and blind patients of different gender, age, and race in the Ophthalmology Department, Miri Hospital, Sarawak, for five years from 2016 to 2020. This study is a retrospective observational study. A total of 17,868 patients’ clinical records were screened. The clinical records with fulfilled inclusion criteria will be extracted and reviewed. In this study, 269 (1.50%) patients were diagnosed with irreversible visual impairments. The prevalence of low vision and blindness was 0.78% and 0.72%, respectively. Most subjects (187, 69.5%) were more than 50 years old. Furthermore, 151 (56.13%) subjects were male, while 118 (43.87%) were female. Race Iban has a higher prevalence of low vision and blind (88, 32,7%), followedby Chinese (81, 30.1%), Malay (53, 19.7%), and other local natives (17, 5%). The four leading causes of low vision and blind were diabetic retinopathy (68, 25.3%), glaucoma (62, 23.0%), retinitis pigmentosa (26, 9.7%),and age-related macular degeneration (17, 6.3%). Low vision and blind due to diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration could be avoided if eye health screening is conducted as early as age 40. For patients diagnosed with low vision and blind, integrated low vision and blind rehabilitation training should be accessible in all public healthcare systems. For the stakeholder, enforcing low vision and blind registry, fortifying low vision rehabilitation services, and precise mechanism of welfare intervention are the measures for more holistic low vision and blind management.
{"title":"Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision and Blind in Ophthalmology Department, Miri Hospital, Sarawak","authors":"Ruby Huong Yeng Ting, Chung Lee Sean, Filzah Rahilah Hussain, Anushia Raman, Chieng Lee Ling","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3732","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence and causes of low vision and blind have been studied nationally and globally. However, similar studies have not been conducted locally in Sarawak. This study aims to identify the prevalence and causesof low vision and blind patients of different gender, age, and race in the Ophthalmology Department, Miri Hospital, Sarawak, for five years from 2016 to 2020. This study is a retrospective observational study. A total of 17,868 patients’ clinical records were screened. The clinical records with fulfilled inclusion criteria will be extracted and reviewed. In this study, 269 (1.50%) patients were diagnosed with irreversible visual impairments. The prevalence of low vision and blindness was 0.78% and 0.72%, respectively. Most subjects (187, 69.5%) were more than 50 years old. Furthermore, 151 (56.13%) subjects were male, while 118 (43.87%) were female. Race Iban has a higher prevalence of low vision and blind (88, 32,7%), followedby Chinese (81, 30.1%), Malay (53, 19.7%), and other local natives (17, 5%). The four leading causes of low vision and blind were diabetic retinopathy (68, 25.3%), glaucoma (62, 23.0%), retinitis pigmentosa (26, 9.7%),and age-related macular degeneration (17, 6.3%). Low vision and blind due to diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration could be avoided if eye health screening is conducted as early as age 40. For patients diagnosed with low vision and blind, integrated low vision and blind rehabilitation training should be accessible in all public healthcare systems. For the stakeholder, enforcing low vision and blind registry, fortifying low vision rehabilitation services, and precise mechanism of welfare intervention are the measures for more holistic low vision and blind management.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86022697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. E. Shalihin, N. Ramlee, Amirah Azhar, Anis Arisha Fatiha Mohd Zaki, Azmi Md Nor, Mohd Aznan Md Aris
Breast cancer is among the commonest cancers that affect women worldwide. Nevertheless, many patients were diagnosed with breast cancer in the terminal stage due to their late presentation to healthcare centres despite the advanced development of screening modalities. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to summarize the trend of knowledge, attitude, and practice level of breast cancer screening among the public globally. Review identification was performed in database search using PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL. Based on the criteria consisting of full papers in English published from January 2010 to September 2020, 27 articles were eligible for review. The systematic review revealed that the public had inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes, and poor practice on breast cancer screening. Educational programmes should be implemented among communities. Communication skills training must be instilled among healthcare workers to raise knowledge of breast cancer that can influence the attitude and practice of the public on breast cancer screening positively.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Public on Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. S. E. Shalihin, N. Ramlee, Amirah Azhar, Anis Arisha Fatiha Mohd Zaki, Azmi Md Nor, Mohd Aznan Md Aris","doi":"10.51200/bjms.vi.2839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.vi.2839","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is among the commonest cancers that affect women worldwide. Nevertheless, many patients were diagnosed with breast cancer in the terminal stage due to their late presentation to healthcare centres despite the advanced development of screening modalities. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to summarize the trend of knowledge, attitude, and practice level of breast cancer screening among the public globally. Review identification was performed in database search using PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL. Based on the criteria consisting of full papers in English published from January 2010 to September 2020, 27 articles were eligible for review. The systematic review revealed that the public had inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes, and poor practice on breast cancer screening. Educational programmes should be implemented among communities. Communication skills training must be instilled among healthcare workers to raise knowledge of breast cancer that can influence the attitude and practice of the public on breast cancer screening positively.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85137700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radial head fractures are common in adults. The radial head acts as an important stabilizer of the radius, especially during the forearm pronation and supination. Surgical treatment of Mason type III fracture of the radial head includes radial head excision, radial head replacement and open reduction and internal fixation. For patients treated with radial head excision, the radius might migrate proximally, causing complications such as chronic pain at the wrist, forearm, and elbow. On the other hand, radial head arthroplasty is associated with a high revision and removal rate. Hence, openreduction and internal fixation are preferred when feasible. This is technically demanding due to the severe displacement of the radial head fragments and limited surgical space. Mr K, a 30-year-old manual worker sustained a closed right radial head fracture Mason type III after an alleged fall. The radial head was displaced anteriorly. Intra-operatively, the radial headpieces were retrieved and were reconstructed extracorporeal and fixed with a miniplate. The patient subsequently recovered with good function. The new technique of extracorporeal reconstruction of the radial head offers a viable option to the surgeon with similar, or even better, outcomes in terms of elbow function.
{"title":"Extracorporeal Reconstruction of the Radial Head","authors":"Kow Ren Yi, Zaharul Azri Mustapha Zakaria, Ruben Jaya Kumar, Low Chooi Leng, Khairul Nizam Siron Baharom","doi":"10.51200/bjms.vi.2399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.vi.2399","url":null,"abstract":"Radial head fractures are common in adults. The radial head acts as an important stabilizer of the radius, especially during the forearm pronation and supination. Surgical treatment of Mason type III fracture of the radial head includes radial head excision, radial head replacement and open reduction and internal fixation. For patients treated with radial head excision, the radius might migrate proximally, causing complications such as chronic pain at the wrist, forearm, and elbow. On the other hand, radial head arthroplasty is associated with a high revision and removal rate. Hence, openreduction and internal fixation are preferred when feasible. This is technically demanding due to the severe displacement of the radial head fragments and limited surgical space. Mr K, a 30-year-old manual worker sustained a closed right radial head fracture Mason type III after an alleged fall. The radial head was displaced anteriorly. Intra-operatively, the radial headpieces were retrieved and were reconstructed extracorporeal and fixed with a miniplate. The patient subsequently recovered with good function. The new technique of extracorporeal reconstruction of the radial head offers a viable option to the surgeon with similar, or even better, outcomes in terms of elbow function.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81789593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gallstone ileus (GSI) is a mechanical intraluminal bowel obstruction caused by biliary calculi through the biliary-enteric fistula. This is a rare sequela of cholelithiasis occurring in 0.3 – 1.5% of patients with worrying mortality of 11.7 – 20%. This is a case of GSI in a 67-year-old woman who presented with small bowel obstruction secondary to impaction of biliary calculi at terminal ileum with underlying cholecystoduodenal fistula (CDF). Enterolithotomy with stone extraction (ES) was performed, followed by subtotal reconstituting cholecystectomy due to iatrogenic gallbladder perforation. The diagnosis of GSI is ascertained by the presence of the Rigler’s triad on abdominal X-ray, while CDF was demonstrated by post-surgery CT images. Bile leak post-operation was managed conservatively based on the SNAP (Sepsis, Nutrition, Anatomy, Plan) approach, and spontaneous closure of CDF was observed. In a nutshell, GSI should always be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of mechanical bowel obstruction, especially among elderly female patients. Radiological findings of Rigler’s triad aid clinical diagnosis of GSI. Despite its rare incidence, early diagnosis is crucial as it is readily treatable with surgery. ES alone is the gold standard in the management of GSI.
{"title":"Gallstone Ileus with Resolution of Bile Leak Post-Subtotal Cholecystectomy and Spontaneous Closure of Cholecystoduodenal Fistula: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Jessy Ng Suk Ning, Satkunan Mark, Yan Yang Wai","doi":"10.51200/bjms.vi.2459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.vi.2459","url":null,"abstract":"Gallstone ileus (GSI) is a mechanical intraluminal bowel obstruction caused by biliary calculi through the biliary-enteric fistula. This is a rare sequela of cholelithiasis occurring in 0.3 – 1.5% of patients with worrying mortality of 11.7 – 20%. This is a case of GSI in a 67-year-old woman who presented with small bowel obstruction secondary to impaction of biliary calculi at terminal ileum with underlying cholecystoduodenal fistula (CDF). Enterolithotomy with stone extraction (ES) was performed, followed by subtotal reconstituting cholecystectomy due to iatrogenic gallbladder perforation. The diagnosis of GSI is ascertained by the presence of the Rigler’s triad on abdominal X-ray, while CDF was demonstrated by post-surgery CT images. Bile leak post-operation was managed conservatively based on the SNAP (Sepsis, Nutrition, Anatomy, Plan) approach, and spontaneous closure of CDF was observed. In a nutshell, GSI should always be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of mechanical bowel obstruction, especially among elderly female patients. Radiological findings of Rigler’s triad aid clinical diagnosis of GSI. Despite its rare incidence, early diagnosis is crucial as it is readily treatable with surgery. ES alone is the gold standard in the management of GSI.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88345438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v15i3.3114
A supernumerary tooth is an additional tooth that erupted more than the normal dentition. A rarer form of a supernumerary tooth is when it erupted ectopically into the nasal cavity. Since childhood, this case report describes a 32-year-old male patient with recurrent mild nasal bleeding from his left nostril. It was never investigated seriously as the bleeding was mild and infrequent. After he was recently referred to our centre, a thorough Ear, Nose, and Throat examination was done. Direct vision with Hopkins zero-degree rigid endoscope and orthopantomogram computed tomography confirmed the provisional diagnosis of a supernumerary nasal tooth. The patient was offered surgical extraction of the tooth under general anesthesia. He denied the surgery and decided to have regular follow up. He is maintaining good health without worsening the symptoms.
{"title":"Recurrent Epistaxis due to Bizarre Finding of Supernumerary Nasal Tooth","authors":"","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v15i3.3114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v15i3.3114","url":null,"abstract":"A supernumerary tooth is an additional tooth that erupted more than the normal dentition. A rarer form of a supernumerary tooth is when it erupted ectopically into the nasal cavity. Since childhood, this case report describes a 32-year-old male patient with recurrent mild nasal bleeding from his left nostril. It was never investigated seriously as the bleeding was mild and infrequent. After he was recently referred to our centre, a thorough Ear, Nose, and Throat examination was done. Direct vision with Hopkins zero-degree rigid endoscope and orthopantomogram computed tomography confirmed the provisional diagnosis of a supernumerary nasal tooth. The patient was offered surgical extraction of the tooth under general anesthesia. He denied the surgery and decided to have regular follow up. He is maintaining good health without worsening the symptoms.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84151335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mie Mie Sein, Mya Sanda Khaing, Tin Tin Thein, F. Ahmedy
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or Sars-C0v2) pandemic in Malaysia have adversely affected the country in many aspects especially the economy and education sectors. Schools and universities alike are facing challenges in providing quality education to the students especially during the conditional movement control order (CMCO) periods, where many educational institutions have to close for the safety of students and personnel. Many strategies have been recommended to improve the quality of online teaching to enhance student engagement in the teaching learning processes. MOOC or Massive Open Online Courses are one of the alternative teaching strategies to advocate the students to access education remotely. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) can be attended by hundreds of students in their own pace and time, which enable them to study from anywhere, at any time virtually. Thus, MOOCs have risen as an alternative option in addition to other online educational platforms. It is time to take advantage of the uncertain period of COVID-19 into an opportunity to develop the MOOCs as an educational tool for our students. The benefits of MOOCs are self-paced, self-directed, interactive and accessible by unlimited users.
马来西亚的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19或Sars-C0v2)大流行在许多方面对该国产生了不利影响，特别是经济和教育部门。学校和大学都面临着向学生提供优质教育的挑战，特别是在有条件的运动控制令(CMCO)期间，许多教育机构不得不为了学生和人员的安全而关闭。为了提高在线教学的质量，提高学生在教学过程中的参与度，已经推荐了许多策略。大规模在线开放课程(Massive Open Online Courses，简称MOOC)是倡导学生远程接受教育的一种替代教学策略。大规模在线开放课程(MOOCs)可以由数百名学生按照自己的节奏和时间参加，这使他们能够随时随地学习。因此，mooc已经崛起为其他在线教育平台之外的另一种选择。现在是时候利用COVID-19的不确定时期，将mooc发展成为我们学生的教育工具。mooc的好处是自定进度、自我指导、互动性和无限制的用户访问。
{"title":"Unparalleled Experiences of Online Medical Education during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Mie Mie Sein, Mya Sanda Khaing, Tin Tin Thein, F. Ahmedy","doi":"10.51200/bjms.vi.2697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.vi.2697","url":null,"abstract":"The novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or Sars-C0v2) pandemic in Malaysia have adversely affected the country in many aspects especially the economy and education sectors. Schools and universities alike are facing challenges in providing quality education to the students especially during the conditional movement control order (CMCO) periods, where many educational institutions have to close for the safety of students and personnel. Many strategies have been recommended to improve the quality of online teaching to enhance student engagement in the teaching learning processes. MOOC or Massive Open Online Courses are one of the alternative teaching strategies to advocate the students to access education remotely. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) can be attended by hundreds of students in their own pace and time, which enable them to study from anywhere, at any time virtually. Thus, MOOCs have risen as an alternative option in addition to other online educational platforms. It is time to take advantage of the uncertain period of COVID-19 into an opportunity to develop the MOOCs as an educational tool for our students. The benefits of MOOCs are self-paced, self-directed, interactive and accessible by unlimited users.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86058217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 had been declared as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. This case report is about Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) due to COVID-19 (Corona Virus-19). A 68-yearold lady with underlying hypertension and congestive cardiac failure presented with fever and productive cough for 5 days duration. One week before her presentation, she had travelled to Kluang, Johor for a wedding gathering which was later found to have contributed to a cluster of COVID-19 cases. Otherwise, she denied any sick or known COVID-19 contact. Respiratory examination revealed left lower zonecrepitations. She was tachypnoeic on a high flow mask 15 L and hypotensive (BP 90/70 mm Hg) on arrival at the hospital. Chest radiograph showed bilateral asymmetrical consolidations. There was a presence of lymphopenia while her dengue serology result was negative. She was treated as SARI secondary to pneumonia with septic shock and required mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure. Nasopharyngeal swab for SARS CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2) was taken as positive for COVID-19 on the third day of admission. Apart from supportive andintensive care measures, she was commenced on oral hydroxychloroquine, subcutaneous Interferon Beta and syrup lopinavir/ritonavir per local guidelines during that period. Unfortunately, she developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on day 3 of admission and passed away due to respiratory failure. Clinicians should pay attention to the COVID-19 critical disease profile and mortality risks. By identifying high-risk patients early, medical resources can be administered in an organized way and timely way to improve the efficacy of the healthcare services.
{"title":"The First COVID-19 Mortality in Batu Pahat, Johor: Lesson Learnt","authors":"Shu Ann Hon, Lian Thai Lee, Qin Jian Low","doi":"10.51200/bjms.vi.2734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.vi.2734","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 had been declared as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. This case report is about Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) due to COVID-19 (Corona Virus-19). A 68-yearold lady with underlying hypertension and congestive cardiac failure presented with fever and productive cough for 5 days duration. One week before her presentation, she had travelled to Kluang, Johor for a wedding gathering which was later found to have contributed to a cluster of COVID-19 cases. Otherwise, she denied any sick or known COVID-19 contact. Respiratory examination revealed left lower zonecrepitations. She was tachypnoeic on a high flow mask 15 L and hypotensive (BP 90/70 mm Hg) on arrival at the hospital. Chest radiograph showed bilateral asymmetrical consolidations. There was a presence of lymphopenia while her dengue serology result was negative. She was treated as SARI secondary to pneumonia with septic shock and required mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure. Nasopharyngeal swab for SARS CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2) was taken as positive for COVID-19 on the third day of admission. Apart from supportive andintensive care measures, she was commenced on oral hydroxychloroquine, subcutaneous Interferon Beta and syrup lopinavir/ritonavir per local guidelines during that period. Unfortunately, she developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on day 3 of admission and passed away due to respiratory failure. Clinicians should pay attention to the COVID-19 critical disease profile and mortality risks. By identifying high-risk patients early, medical resources can be administered in an organized way and timely way to improve the efficacy of the healthcare services.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75273679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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