Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v17i1.3563
May Honey Ohn, Jun Rong Ng, Khin Maung Ohn, Pan Nyein Han
There are varieties of cardiac complications which can occur in COVID-19 encompassing acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis to arrhythmia. We report a case of COVID-19 infected patient who presented with a high fever which provokes transient Type 1 Brugada-like ECG configuration. Brugada syndrome is a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia which could lead to sudden cardiac death secondary to ventricular arrhythmias. Being commonly asymptomatic, there are many triggers which could lead to its manifestations and subsequent complications. While fever, being one of the triggers, is the most common presentation of COVID-19. Besides, it could be multifactorial, either from the variant systemic complications in COVID-19 or from the management itself, especially common drugs used in resuscitation which could provoke the Brugada pattern. Looking at this association, ECG monitoring then becomes important in COVID-19, especially in those with chest pain and fever. Proper treatment for fever in COVID-19 is prudent to avoid malignant arrhythmia.
{"title":"Transient Brugada-Like Electrocardiogram Configuration Provoked by COVID-19 Fever","authors":"May Honey Ohn, Jun Rong Ng, Khin Maung Ohn, Pan Nyein Han","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i1.3563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i1.3563","url":null,"abstract":"There are varieties of cardiac complications which can occur in COVID-19 encompassing acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis to arrhythmia. We report a case of COVID-19 infected patient who presented with a high fever which provokes transient Type 1 Brugada-like ECG configuration. Brugada syndrome is a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia which could lead to sudden cardiac death secondary to ventricular arrhythmias. Being commonly asymptomatic, there are many triggers which could lead to its manifestations and subsequent complications. While fever, being one of the triggers, is the most common presentation of COVID-19. Besides, it could be multifactorial, either from the variant systemic complications in COVID-19 or from the management itself, especially common drugs used in resuscitation which could provoke the Brugada pattern. Looking at this association, ECG monitoring then becomes important in COVID-19, especially in those with chest pain and fever. Proper treatment for fever in COVID-19 is prudent to avoid malignant arrhythmia.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73027596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v17i1.3786
K. Talha, Md. Ferdous Hasan, F. Selina, Hussain Ahmed, F. R. Kaiser, K. T. Erica
Internship time is a prime time for doctors to decide on their future career planning. It should be decided based on liking, work-life balance, and other factors. This was a cross-sectional study on 92 female intern doctors at Sylhet Women’s Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Information was achieved by questionnaire. Data of preferred subjects in MBBS, preferred specialty selection, influencing factor, and preferred post-graduate degree were considered variables. A western degree (37.7%) was the most preferred, followed by a fellowship (26%). The most popular specialty was general surgery (29.3%), followed by obstetrics & gynaecology (OBG). Most participants (70%) decided on their own regarding future career planning. It is important to have a well-organized future career plan during the internship. Clinical subjects were preferable to basic subjects as a specialty. Western degrees were popular over national post-graduate degrees.
{"title":"The Career Planning of Female Intern Doctors and Their Specialty Preference","authors":"K. Talha, Md. Ferdous Hasan, F. Selina, Hussain Ahmed, F. R. Kaiser, K. T. Erica","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i1.3786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i1.3786","url":null,"abstract":"Internship time is a prime time for doctors to decide on their future career planning. It should be decided based on liking, work-life balance, and other factors. This was a cross-sectional study on 92 female intern doctors at Sylhet Women’s Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Information was achieved by questionnaire. Data of preferred subjects in MBBS, preferred specialty selection, influencing factor, and preferred post-graduate degree were considered variables. A western degree (37.7%) was the most preferred, followed by a fellowship (26%). The most popular specialty was general surgery (29.3%), followed by obstetrics & gynaecology (OBG). Most participants (70%) decided on their own regarding future career planning. It is important to have a well-organized future career plan during the internship. Clinical subjects were preferable to basic subjects as a specialty. Western degrees were popular over national post-graduate degrees.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91421593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v17i1.4285
Siat Yee Fong
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious viral infection, which commonly affects young children under five years of age (Yu et al., 2019). HFMD is caused by serotypes of the Enterovirus A species, particularly enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), in the genus Enterovirus (Takahashi et al., 2016). Symptoms of HFMD usually include fever, sore throat and maculopapular or vesicular rashes on hands, feet and mouth, which resolve spontaneously. On the other hand, severe HFMD, which is often associated with EV71 infection, can lead to life-threatening cardiopulmonary and neurologic complications (Xu et al., 2015).
手足口病(手足口病)是一种传染性病毒感染，常见于5岁以下幼儿(Yu et al.， 2019)。手足口病是由肠道病毒A种血清型引起的，特别是肠道病毒属的肠道病毒71 (EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A16 (CVA16) (Takahashi et al.， 2016)。手足口病的症状通常包括发烧、喉咙痛、手、脚和口出现斑疹或水疱性皮疹，这些皮疹会自行消退。另一方面，严重的手足口病通常与EV71感染相关，可导致危及生命的心肺和神经系统并发症(Xu et al.， 2015)。
{"title":"The Need for a Vaccine Against Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Malaysia","authors":"Siat Yee Fong","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v17i1.4285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v17i1.4285","url":null,"abstract":"Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious viral infection, which commonly affects young children under five years of age (Yu et al., 2019). HFMD is caused by serotypes of the Enterovirus A species, particularly enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), in the genus Enterovirus (Takahashi et al., 2016). Symptoms of HFMD usually include fever, sore throat and maculopapular or vesicular rashes on hands, feet and mouth, which resolve spontaneously. On the other hand, severe HFMD, which is often associated with EV71 infection, can lead to life-threatening cardiopulmonary and neurologic complications (Xu et al., 2015).","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88226823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3341
May Honey Ohn, Chan Zhi Wei, Bareth Ravindran, Tamilasari Sugumarn, Khin Maung Ohn, Constance Liew, Alvin Oliver
Technology-enhanced learning (TEL) in medical education is becoming increasingly popular because it reorganizes teaching and learning dynamics, incorporates various learning media for content delivery, and provides synchronous and non-synchronousinteractions in group and individual learning. This article aimed to evaluate the usefulness of TEL models in undergraduate medical teaching. In our review of TEL in medical education, we posed three research questions to analyse its effectiveness in undergraduate medical education, which are: (a) What are the TEL modalities used in undergraduate medical education? (b) How does technology-enhanced blended learning impact students’ engagement, knowledge gain, skills acquisition, and changes in perception and attitudes? (c) Is e-learning (Moodle) more effective than other technology-assisted online learning platforms in medical education? In the review, we have seen the evolution and development of TEL; its advantages and strength over traditional learning, especially in medical education, have been reiterated. As the various modalities undergo further research and develop more sophisticatedly, TEL learning would play a bigger role as mainstream later to replace the full traditional learning. Thus, educators, institutions and policymakers must be prepared and invested in the necessary financial, time and manpower resources to embrace the coming tide, to ensure successful incorporation.
{"title":"A Narrative Review on Technology-enhanced Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education","authors":"May Honey Ohn, Chan Zhi Wei, Bareth Ravindran, Tamilasari Sugumarn, Khin Maung Ohn, Constance Liew, Alvin Oliver","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3341","url":null,"abstract":"Technology-enhanced learning (TEL) in medical education is becoming increasingly popular because it reorganizes teaching and learning dynamics, incorporates various learning media for content delivery, and provides synchronous and non-synchronousinteractions in group and individual learning. This article aimed to evaluate the usefulness of TEL models in undergraduate medical teaching. In our review of TEL in medical education, we posed three research questions to analyse its effectiveness in undergraduate medical education, which are: (a) What are the TEL modalities used in undergraduate medical education? (b) How does technology-enhanced blended learning impact students’ engagement, knowledge gain, skills acquisition, and changes in perception and attitudes? (c) Is e-learning (Moodle) more effective than other technology-assisted online learning platforms in medical education? In the review, we have seen the evolution and development of TEL; its advantages and strength over traditional learning, especially in medical education, have been reiterated. As the various modalities undergo further research and develop more sophisticatedly, TEL learning would play a bigger role as mainstream later to replace the full traditional learning. Thus, educators, institutions and policymakers must be prepared and invested in the necessary financial, time and manpower resources to embrace the coming tide, to ensure successful incorporation.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81305632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3887
S. Fong
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a medical system recorded over 2,000 years ago and it is making a comeback in the 21st century. Basic theories of TCM are based on the Chinese philosophy of Yin-Yang, Qi and the Five Elements (Ma et al., 2021). In TCM, balance and harmony with the environment (nature) are keys to good health and imbalances will lead to illnesses (Cheung et al., 2020). One of the approaches used by TCM practitioners to treat illnesses is the use of natural medicine derived from plants and animals (Ma et al., 2021). In practice, a combination of two or more medicinal materials (known as TCM formulas), having synergistic effects, is often used to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy, while attenuating toxicity (Zhang et al., 2017). However, some of the materials derived from animal and plant species, such as the rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae), tiger (Panthera tigris) and caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis), which are traditionally used, are now endangered (Cheung et al., 2020). Besides, the distribution of some plant species and substances derived from these species, including Ephedra spp. (Ma Huang), Aconitum spp. (Fu Zi and Chuan Wu) and Aristolochia spp. (Mu Tong and Fang Ji) are restricted or banned in some countries due to their toxicity (Fleischer et al., 2017). Therefore, a question arises as to whether the modification of TCM formulas to eliminate these ingredients could affect their therapeutic efficacy.
传统中医(TCM)是一种有2000多年历史的医学体系，在21世纪正在卷土重来。中医的基本理论基于中国的阴阳、气和五行哲学(Ma et al.， 2021)。在中医中，与环境(自然)的平衡与和谐是健康的关键，不平衡会导致疾病(Cheung et al.， 2020)。中医从业者治疗疾病的方法之一是使用从植物和动物中提取的天然药物(Ma et al.， 2021)。在实践中，通常使用具有协同作用的两种或两种以上药材(称为中药方剂)的组合来达到最佳治疗效果，同时降低毒性(Zhang et al.， 2017)。然而，传统上使用的一些来自动植物物种的材料，如犀牛(Rhinocerotidae)、老虎(Panthera tigris)和冬虫夏草(Ophiocordyceps sinensis)，现在已经濒临灭绝(Cheung et al.， 2020)。此外，一些植物物种及其衍生物质，如麻黄属(Ma Huang)、乌头属(Fu Zi and Chuan Wu)、马兜铃属(Mu Tong and Fang Ji)因其毒性在一些国家被限制或禁止分布(Fleischer et al.， 2017)。因此，一个问题是，修改中药配方以消除这些成分是否会影响其治疗效果。
{"title":"Modified Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula: Is It Still Effective?","authors":"S. Fong","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3887","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a medical system recorded over 2,000 years ago and it is making a comeback in the 21st century. Basic theories of TCM are based on the Chinese philosophy of Yin-Yang, Qi and the Five Elements (Ma et al., 2021). In TCM, balance and harmony with the environment (nature) are keys to good health and imbalances will lead to illnesses (Cheung et al., 2020). One of the approaches used by TCM practitioners to treat illnesses is the use of natural medicine derived from plants and animals (Ma et al., 2021). In practice, a combination of two or more medicinal materials (known as TCM formulas), having synergistic effects, is often used to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy, while attenuating toxicity (Zhang et al., 2017). However, some of the materials derived from animal and plant species, such as the rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae), tiger (Panthera tigris) and caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis), which are traditionally used, are now endangered (Cheung et al., 2020). Besides, the distribution of some plant species and substances derived from these species, including Ephedra spp. (Ma Huang), Aconitum spp. (Fu Zi and Chuan Wu) and Aristolochia spp. (Mu Tong and Fang Ji) are restricted or banned in some countries due to their toxicity (Fleischer et al., 2017). Therefore, a question arises as to whether the modification of TCM formulas to eliminate these ingredients could affect their therapeutic efficacy.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89504548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3596
A. Hossain, S. Kabir, Muhammad Tanvir Muhith, Sadia Choudhury Shimmi, M. Tanveer Hossain Parash, A. H. M. Delwar, Rafia Hossain, Firdaus Hayati, Fairrul Kadir, MOHAMMAD SAFFREE JEFFREE
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly presented with neurological and respiratory disorders. Among the neurological symptoms, headache, myalgia, dizziness, impaired consciousness, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), olfactory dysfunction (OD), and gustatory dysfunction (GD) are typical. GD and OD have been included as new symptoms of COVID-19 infection by the World Health Organization (WHO). Taste disorders variedfrom dysgeusia to ageusia. Similarly, OD or smell disorder severity went from microsomia or hyposmia to anosmia. The merit of theseneurological disorders is an early screening criterion for a COVID-19 patient, especially where the diagnostic resources are limited. Most of the published articles demonstrate these two dysfunctions together. Our concise review aimed to determine whether GD in COVID-19 is a solitary (independent) symptom or a secondary (associated) symptom of OD. Besides, we were looking at the possible transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2, if it can be an early diagnostic symptom, a predictor of severity, and a prognostic factor for impaired outcome. We have limited our study to publishing articles in English only. Therefore, further evaluation might be recommended to include studies published in other languages.
{"title":"Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Solitary or Secondary?","authors":"A. Hossain, S. Kabir, Muhammad Tanvir Muhith, Sadia Choudhury Shimmi, M. Tanveer Hossain Parash, A. H. M. Delwar, Rafia Hossain, Firdaus Hayati, Fairrul Kadir, MOHAMMAD SAFFREE JEFFREE","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3596","url":null,"abstract":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly presented with neurological and respiratory disorders. Among the neurological symptoms, headache, myalgia, dizziness, impaired consciousness, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), olfactory dysfunction (OD), and gustatory dysfunction (GD) are typical. GD and OD have been included as new symptoms of COVID-19 infection by the World Health Organization (WHO). Taste disorders variedfrom dysgeusia to ageusia. Similarly, OD or smell disorder severity went from microsomia or hyposmia to anosmia. The merit of theseneurological disorders is an early screening criterion for a COVID-19 patient, especially where the diagnostic resources are limited. Most of the published articles demonstrate these two dysfunctions together. Our concise review aimed to determine whether GD in COVID-19 is a solitary (independent) symptom or a secondary (associated) symptom of OD. Besides, we were looking at the possible transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2, if it can be an early diagnostic symptom, a predictor of severity, and a prognostic factor for impaired outcome. We have limited our study to publishing articles in English only. Therefore, further evaluation might be recommended to include studies published in other languages.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76607908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3676
Shunxing Teh, Karthigesu Aimanan, Pardheebarajan Gokilavanan, Andrew Hun Meng Quah, Khairunnisa Che Ghazali, Ahmad Junaidi Ahmad Hamidi, Aisah Munirah Wahi, Firdaus Hayati
Foreign body ingestion (FBI) is a common problem among children around the world. The management modality may differ according to the materials and clinical presentation. This study aims to assess the clinical, endoscopic, and therapeutic aspects of this FBI among children in a district hospital in northern Sarawak. A single-centre retrospective study was conducted for FBI in children of northern Sarawak from January 2018 until April 2020. A total number of 36 children were admitted during the 28 months duration with a 19:17 ratio of male:female. The children were between the age of 8 months and 10 years old with a median age of 4 ± 0.3 yrs. Coins (52%), fish bones (11%), and batteries (5%) were the most commonly ingested objects. The clinical features included asymptomatic presentation (47%), vomiting (36%), throat pain (8%), and choking sensation (8%). Routine radiological examination ensured the discovery of the FBI in 88% of the cases. Among the 36 children admitted, 19 (52%) children were managed conservatively while 17 (47%) children required endoscopic removal of foreign bodies without operative management. The length of stay in the hospital ranges from 1 day to 9 days (mean 2.52 days). FBI in children is more common at a younger age. Clinical findings depend on the shape of the ingested materials, the patient’s age, and the time of referral as they mostly could be managed conservatively. Upon failure of a conservative approach, a safe and uncomplicated removal should be performed.
{"title":"Foreign Body Ingestion among Children of Northern Sarawak: A Retrospective Single Centre Experience","authors":"Shunxing Teh, Karthigesu Aimanan, Pardheebarajan Gokilavanan, Andrew Hun Meng Quah, Khairunnisa Che Ghazali, Ahmad Junaidi Ahmad Hamidi, Aisah Munirah Wahi, Firdaus Hayati","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3676","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign body ingestion (FBI) is a common problem among children around the world. The management modality may differ according to the materials and clinical presentation. This study aims to assess the clinical, endoscopic, and therapeutic aspects of this FBI among children in a district hospital in northern Sarawak. A single-centre retrospective study was conducted for FBI in children of northern Sarawak from January 2018 until April 2020. A total number of 36 children were admitted during the 28 months duration with a 19:17 ratio of male:female. The children were between the age of 8 months and 10 years old with a median age of 4 ± 0.3 yrs. Coins (52%), fish bones (11%), and batteries (5%) were the most commonly ingested objects. The clinical features included asymptomatic presentation (47%), vomiting (36%), throat pain (8%), and choking sensation (8%). Routine radiological examination ensured the discovery of the FBI in 88% of the cases. Among the 36 children admitted, 19 (52%) children were managed conservatively while 17 (47%) children required endoscopic removal of foreign bodies without operative management. The length of stay in the hospital ranges from 1 day to 9 days (mean 2.52 days). FBI in children is more common at a younger age. Clinical findings depend on the shape of the ingested materials, the patient’s age, and the time of referral as they mostly could be managed conservatively. Upon failure of a conservative approach, a safe and uncomplicated removal should be performed.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91260342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3706
T. Kumaravadivel Dharmalingam, Koay Boon Xin, Koeh Shao Keong, R. K. Muniandy
Tracheal intubation is an essential skill for doctors. Tracheal intubation is done in patients with questionable airway patency, poor respiratory drive, hypercarbia, or hypoxia. The objective of this study was to compare the ease of tracheal intubation using MacintoshLaryngoscopes, C-MAC, and McGrath on a simulated difficult airway mannequin. The rationale of the study was to identify the easiest device to use for tracheal intubation. This randomized clinical trial was done at the Teluk Intan Hospital, Perak, Malaysia, from March 2020 to February 2021. Sixty-five medical officers participated in this study. The results showed that the mean time for tracheal intubation was significantly shorter when the participants were using the C-MAC than the conventional direct laryngoscope and McGrath. (C-MAC: 20.8 seconds, Direct Laryngoscope: 27.7 seconds, McGrath: 34.6 seconds) The results showed that C-MAC andMcGrath had a better first-attempt success rate than conventional direct laryngoscopes. C-MAC scored the highest first-attempt success rate, followed by McGrath. (95% compared to 83%) Regarding Cormack-Lehane grading, the C-MAC device showed a better view than McGrath and Direct Laryngoscope. The preferred device by medical officers for tracheal intubation was the C-MAC. (45% compared to other devices) In conclusion, the C-MAC device was superior in first attempt success rate and was the most preferred device compared to McGrath and direct laryngoscope. However, using the C-MAC device must be accompanied by adequate training and practice.
{"title":"Comparing the Ease of Intubation between C-MAC, McGrath, and Conventional Macintosh Laryngoscope in a Simulated Difficult Airway of a Laerdal Mannequin","authors":"T. Kumaravadivel Dharmalingam, Koay Boon Xin, Koeh Shao Keong, R. K. Muniandy","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3706","url":null,"abstract":"Tracheal intubation is an essential skill for doctors. Tracheal intubation is done in patients with questionable airway patency, poor respiratory drive, hypercarbia, or hypoxia. The objective of this study was to compare the ease of tracheal intubation using MacintoshLaryngoscopes, C-MAC, and McGrath on a simulated difficult airway mannequin. The rationale of the study was to identify the easiest device to use for tracheal intubation. This randomized clinical trial was done at the Teluk Intan Hospital, Perak, Malaysia, from March 2020 to February 2021. Sixty-five medical officers participated in this study. The results showed that the mean time for tracheal intubation was significantly shorter when the participants were using the C-MAC than the conventional direct laryngoscope and McGrath. (C-MAC: 20.8 seconds, Direct Laryngoscope: 27.7 seconds, McGrath: 34.6 seconds) The results showed that C-MAC andMcGrath had a better first-attempt success rate than conventional direct laryngoscopes. C-MAC scored the highest first-attempt success rate, followed by McGrath. (95% compared to 83%) Regarding Cormack-Lehane grading, the C-MAC device showed a better view than McGrath and Direct Laryngoscope. The preferred device by medical officers for tracheal intubation was the C-MAC. (45% compared to other devices) In conclusion, the C-MAC device was superior in first attempt success rate and was the most preferred device compared to McGrath and direct laryngoscope. However, using the C-MAC device must be accompanied by adequate training and practice. ","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73980660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3336
Wilfredo E Aure, Nelia P. Salazar, Tock Hing Chua
A longitudinal survey of Anopheles larval habitats was conducted in adjoining areas of Kampung Marabahai, Nangka, Paradason and Tuboh in Kudat District, Sabah from May 2015 to April 2016. Ninety-five out of 368 breeding habitats sampled were positive for Anopheles larvae. The significant physicochemical factors that were associated with the presence of Anopheles larvae were: turbidity, shadiness, presence of water vegetation, surface area, temperature, pH (negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration), and Electrical Conductivity (EC). Thus, this paper highlighted the physicochemical characteristic of larval habitats of Anopheles mosquito with emphasis on An. balabacensis, the vector of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria, could be targeted for surveillance studies and control interventions.
{"title":"Factors influencing Anopheles larval habitats in Kudat District, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Wilfredo E Aure, Nelia P. Salazar, Tock Hing Chua","doi":"10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3336","url":null,"abstract":"A longitudinal survey of Anopheles larval habitats was conducted in adjoining areas of Kampung Marabahai, Nangka, Paradason and Tuboh in Kudat District, Sabah from May 2015 to April 2016. Ninety-five out of 368 breeding habitats sampled were positive for Anopheles larvae. The significant physicochemical factors that were associated with the presence of Anopheles larvae were: turbidity, shadiness, presence of water vegetation, surface area, temperature, pH (negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration), and Electrical Conductivity (EC). Thus, this paper highlighted the physicochemical characteristic of larval habitats of Anopheles mosquito with emphasis on An. balabacensis, the vector of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria, could be targeted for surveillance studies and control interventions.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"2 15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78409142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urolithiasis is a common urological problem in Malaysia. Stones can be formed by precipitation or crystallization of minerals and urinary constituents. It is a multifactorial, recurrent disease distributed worldwide with a trend of increasing incidence. This study aims to describe the characteristics of patients with urolithiasis in a tertiary centre in Sabah. Patients seen in the urology clinic or inpatient ward in the Department of Urology, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Sabah, who had urolithiasis confirmed on plain CT KUB were reviewed. Demographic data regarding age, gender, race, address, and BMI were recorded. Details regarding fluid intake and family history of urolithiasis associated with medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and gout were collected during the interview with the patient. Routine urine and blood investigations for urolithiasis were performed, and results with CT scan findings were recorded in a data collection sheet. A total of 300 patients with urolithiasis were reviewed. The median age was 54 years, with similar gender distribution. BMI above normal was found in 69% of participants, and 55% had underlying hypertension. The highest incidence was seen in the Kadazan-Dusun population. Those who consume < 2 L/day of fluid also had a higher frequency of urolithiasis. 60.6% of stones were unilateral, whereas 43.7% were found to be renal. There were 39.7% of patients who had CKD stage 2. The mean Hounsfield unit of stones was 1,091. In conclusion, urolithiasis is a common problem worldwide, and it is apparent that its burden on the healthcare system is increasing. These findings will help better understand local clinical characteristics to prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality by urolithiasis.
{"title":"Descriptive Profile of Urolithiasis Cases in a Tertiary Hospital in Sabah","authors":"Jaspreet Cheema, S. Thevarajah","doi":"10.51200/bjms.vi.3310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51200/bjms.vi.3310","url":null,"abstract":"Urolithiasis is a common urological problem in Malaysia. Stones can be formed by precipitation or crystallization of minerals and urinary constituents. It is a multifactorial, recurrent disease distributed worldwide with a trend of increasing incidence. This study aims to describe the characteristics of patients with urolithiasis in a tertiary centre in Sabah. Patients seen in the urology clinic or inpatient ward in the Department of Urology, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Sabah, who had urolithiasis confirmed on plain CT KUB were reviewed. Demographic data regarding age, gender, race, address, and BMI were recorded. Details regarding fluid intake and family history of urolithiasis associated with medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and gout were collected during the interview with the patient. Routine urine and blood investigations for urolithiasis were performed, and results with CT scan findings were recorded in a data collection sheet. A total of 300 patients with urolithiasis were reviewed. The median age was 54 years, with similar gender distribution. BMI above normal was found in 69% of participants, and 55% had underlying hypertension. The highest incidence was seen in the Kadazan-Dusun population. Those who consume < 2 L/day of fluid also had a higher frequency of urolithiasis. 60.6% of stones were unilateral, whereas 43.7% were found to be renal. There were 39.7% of patients who had CKD stage 2. The mean Hounsfield unit of stones was 1,091. In conclusion, urolithiasis is a common problem worldwide, and it is apparent that its burden on the healthcare system is increasing. These findings will help better understand local clinical characteristics to prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality by urolithiasis.","PeriodicalId":9287,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS)","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88431869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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