Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0153-2023
Casper Falster, Elise Noël-Savina, Thomas Gille, Pia Pietersen
Routine clinical application of thoracic ultrasound has greatly enhanced the process of diagnosing and treating patients with pneumothorax and infectious effusion by minimising radiation exposure and facilitating prompt diagnosis https://bit.ly/3FO6jBg.
{"title":"Thoracic ultrasound for pneumothorax and infectious effusion: from equine beginnings to clinical cornerstone.","authors":"Casper Falster, Elise Noël-Savina, Thomas Gille, Pia Pietersen","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0153-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0153-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Routine clinical application of thoracic ultrasound has greatly enhanced the process of diagnosing and treating patients with pneumothorax and infectious effusion by minimising radiation exposure and facilitating prompt diagnosis</b> https://bit.ly/3FO6jBg.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138828286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Classic radiological signs of invasive fungal disease, especially pulmonary mucormycosis in a predisposed individual should alert the physician to initiate empiric anti-fungal therapy. https://bit.ly/40gt4Hm.
{"title":"A young boy with diabetic ketoacidosis and non-resolving pneumonia.","authors":"Rakesh Kodati, Narendra Kumar Narahari, Anuradha Tadepalli, Nishika Madireddy, Bhaskar Kakarla, Paramjyothi Gongati","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0161-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0161-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Classic radiological signs of invasive fungal disease, especially pulmonary mucormycosis in a predisposed individual should alert the physician to initiate empiric anti-fungal therapy.</b> https://bit.ly/40gt4Hm.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138828263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0230-2023
Brian D Kent
This issue of Breathe focuses on the management of pleural disease https://bit.ly/4a7dh1S.
本期《呼吸》聚焦胸膜疾病的治疗 https://bit.ly/4a7dh1S。
{"title":"Diagnosing and managing pleural disease.","authors":"Brian D Kent","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0230-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0230-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>This issue of <i>Breathe</i> focuses on the management of pleural disease</b> https://bit.ly/4a7dh1S.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138828264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0145-2023
Laura M Piggott, Conor Hayes, John Greene, Deirdre B Fitzgerald
Malignant pleural disease represents a growing healthcare burden. Malignant pleural effusion affects approximately 1 million people globally per year, causes disabling breathlessness and indicates a shortened life expectancy. Timely diagnosis is imperative to relieve symptoms and optimise quality of life, and should give consideration to individual patient factors. This review aims to provide an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis and suggested diagnostic pathways in malignant pleural disease, to outline management options for malignant pleural effusion and malignant pleural mesothelioma, highlighting the need for a holistic approach, and to discuss potential challenges including non-expandable lung and septated effusions.
{"title":"Malignant pleural disease.","authors":"Laura M Piggott, Conor Hayes, John Greene, Deirdre B Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0145-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0145-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant pleural disease represents a growing healthcare burden. Malignant pleural effusion affects approximately 1 million people globally per year, causes disabling breathlessness and indicates a shortened life expectancy. Timely diagnosis is imperative to relieve symptoms and optimise quality of life, and should give consideration to individual patient factors. This review aims to provide an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis and suggested diagnostic pathways in malignant pleural disease, to outline management options for malignant pleural effusion and malignant pleural mesothelioma, highlighting the need for a holistic approach, and to discuss potential challenges including non-expandable lung and septated effusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10862126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0165-2023
Barnaby Hirons, Richard Turner, Peter S P Cho, Surinder S Birring
Chronic cough (lasting more than 8 weeks) is a common condition with substantial psychosocial impact. Despite huge efforts following robust guidelines, chronic cough in many patients remains refractory or unexplained (RU-CC). Recent insights support a significant role for cough hypersensitivity in RU-CC, including neuropathophysiological evidence from inhalational cough challenge testing, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and airway nerve biopsy. Along with improved approaches to measuring cough, this knowledge has developed in tandem with repurposing neuromodulator medications, including gabapentin, and evidence for non-pharmacological treatments. Most significantly, there is now a pipeline for novel classes of drugs specifically for chronic cough. The P2X3 receptor antagonist gefapixant is the first such drug to be approved in Europe. However, challenges persist. The field of chronic cough needs more robust epidemiological data, enhanced diagnostic tools, further well-designed clinical trials accounting for the effects of placebo, and treatments with minimal side-effects. Addressing these challenges are novel chronic cough registries, improved International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) coding, genetic testing options and further mechanistic studies. This Viewpoint article discusses these facets and considers how, whilst the end of chronic cough may not be imminent for all patients, the evolving landscape looks increasingly optimistic.
{"title":"Chronic cough: is the end nigh?","authors":"Barnaby Hirons, Richard Turner, Peter S P Cho, Surinder S Birring","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0165-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0165-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic cough (lasting more than 8 weeks) is a common condition with substantial psychosocial impact. Despite huge efforts following robust guidelines, chronic cough in many patients remains refractory or unexplained (RU-CC). Recent insights support a significant role for cough hypersensitivity in RU-CC, including neuropathophysiological evidence from inhalational cough challenge testing, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and airway nerve biopsy. Along with improved approaches to measuring cough, this knowledge has developed in tandem with repurposing neuromodulator medications, including gabapentin, and evidence for non-pharmacological treatments. Most significantly, there is now a pipeline for novel classes of drugs specifically for chronic cough. The P2X3 receptor antagonist gefapixant is the first such drug to be approved in Europe. However, challenges persist. The field of chronic cough needs more robust epidemiological data, enhanced diagnostic tools, further well-designed clinical trials accounting for the effects of placebo, and treatments with minimal side-effects. Addressing these challenges are novel chronic cough registries, improved International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) coding, genetic testing options and further mechanistic studies. This Viewpoint article discusses these facets and considers how, whilst the end of chronic cough may not be imminent for all patients, the evolving landscape looks increasingly optimistic.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10862122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0226-2023
Sara Cuevas Ocaña, Pauline Bardin, Rui Marçalo, Heleen Demeyer
LSC 2024 offers access to cutting-edge scientific sessions, the opportunity to network with international experts, the possibility to present and discuss the latest findings, and be mentored by ERS leaders. We are looking forward to welcoming you there! https://bit.ly/3Rxr7SH.
LSC 2024 提供了参加前沿科学会议的机会、与国际专家交流的机会、展示和讨论最新研究成果的机会,以及接受 ERS 领导指导的机会。我们期待您的光临!https://bit.ly/3Rxr7SH。
{"title":"Preview of the Lung Science Conference 2024.","authors":"Sara Cuevas Ocaña, Pauline Bardin, Rui Marçalo, Heleen Demeyer","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0226-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0226-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>LSC 2024 offers access to cutting-edge scientific sessions, the opportunity to network with international experts, the possibility to present and discuss the latest findings, and be mentored by ERS leaders. We are looking forward to welcoming you there!</b> https://bit.ly/3Rxr7SH.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10790179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0135-2023
Matthew Shorthose, Eleanor Barton, Steven Walker
Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common presentation, and there has been a recent surge of research into the condition. With the recent publication of the new British Thoracic Society guidelines and the upcoming European Respiratory Society guidelines, we provide a concise up-to-date summary of clinical learning points. In particular we focus on the role of conservative or ambulatory management, as well as treatment options for persistent air leak and guidance for when to refer to thoracic surgeons for the prevention of the recurrence of pneumothorax.
Educational aims: To give up-to-date guidance on the acute management of spontaneous pneumothorax, including the role of conservative or ambulatory managementTo discuss the different treatment options for persistent air leak.To guide physicians on when to refer patients to thoracic surgeons for the prevention of the recurrence of pneumothorax.
{"title":"The contemporary management of spontaneous pneumothorax in adults.","authors":"Matthew Shorthose, Eleanor Barton, Steven Walker","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0135-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0135-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common presentation, and there has been a recent surge of research into the condition. With the recent publication of the new British Thoracic Society guidelines and the upcoming European Respiratory Society guidelines, we provide a concise up-to-date summary of clinical learning points. In particular we focus on the role of conservative or ambulatory management, as well as treatment options for persistent air leak and guidance for when to refer to thoracic surgeons for the prevention of the recurrence of pneumothorax.</p><p><strong>Educational aims: </strong>To give up-to-date guidance on the acute management of spontaneous pneumothorax, including the role of conservative or ambulatory managementTo discuss the different treatment options for persistent air leak.To guide physicians on when to refer patients to thoracic surgeons for the prevention of the recurrence of pneumothorax.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10790175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0236-2022
Anna Fraser, Ruaraidh Simpson, Steve Turner
Asthma is a common condition in children. This review describes the evidence from the literature and international asthma guidelines for using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in the diagnosis and monitoring of childhood asthma. The accuracy of FENO measuring devices could be further improved, the difference in FENO results between devices are equivalent to what is considered a clinically important difference. For diagnosing asthma no guideline currently recommends FENO is used as the first test, but many recommend FENO as part of a series of tests. A cut-off of 35 ppb is widely recommended as being supportive of an asthma diagnosis, but evidence from children at risk of asthma suggests that a lower threshold of 25 ppb may be more appropriate. Nine randomised clinical trials including 1885 children have added FENO to usual asthma care and find that exacerbations are reduced when care is guided by FENO (OR for exacerbation compared to usual care 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.94). What is not clear is what cut-off(s) of FENO should be used to trigger a change in treatment. After 30 years of intensive research there is not sufficient evidence to recommend FENO for routine diagnosing and monitoring asthma in children.
Educational aims: To give the reader an overview of literature that supports and does not support the role of FENO in diagnosing asthma in children.To give the reader an overview of literature that supports and does not support the role of FENO in monitoring asthma in children.To give the reader an understanding of the role of FENO in international guidelines for diagnosing and monitoring asthma in children.
{"title":"Use of exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis and monitoring of childhood asthma: myth or maxim?","authors":"Anna Fraser, Ruaraidh Simpson, Steve Turner","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0236-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0236-2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is a common condition in children. This review describes the evidence from the literature and international asthma guidelines for using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (<i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub>) in the diagnosis and monitoring of childhood asthma. The accuracy of <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> measuring devices could be further improved, the difference in <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> results between devices are equivalent to what is considered a clinically important difference. For diagnosing asthma no guideline currently recommends <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> is used as the first test, but many recommend <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> as part of a series of tests. A cut-off of 35 ppb is widely recommended as being supportive of an asthma diagnosis, but evidence from children at risk of asthma suggests that a lower threshold of 25 ppb may be more appropriate. Nine randomised clinical trials including 1885 children have added <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> to usual asthma care and find that exacerbations are reduced when care is guided by <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> (OR for exacerbation compared to usual care 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.94). What is not clear is what cut-off(s) of <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> should be used to trigger a change in treatment. After 30 years of intensive research there is not sufficient evidence to recommend <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> for routine diagnosing and monitoring asthma in children.</p><p><strong>Educational aims: </strong>To give the reader an overview of literature that supports and does not support the role of <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> in diagnosing asthma in children.To give the reader an overview of literature that supports and does not support the role of <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> in monitoring asthma in children.To give the reader an understanding of the role of <i>F</i><sub>ENO</sub> in international guidelines for diagnosing and monitoring asthma in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138828287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0160-2023
Pia Iben Pietersen, Lars Konge, Rahul Bhatnagar, Marek Slavicky, Najib M Rahman, Nick Maskell, Laurence Crombag, Nathalie Tabin, Christian B Laursen, Anders Bo Nielsen
Thoracic ultrasound has become a well-implemented diagnostic tool for assessment and monitoring of patients with respiratory symptoms or disease. However, ultrasound examinations are user dependent and sufficient competencies are needed. The European Respiratory Society (ERS) hosts a structured and evidence-based training programme in thoracic ultrasound. This study aimed to explore and discuss the self-reported activity and self-reported competency of the participants during the ERS course. Online surveys were sent to the training programme participants before the second part of the course (practical part of the course), and before and 3 months after the third part of the course (final certification exam). A total of 77 participants completed the surveys. The self-reported frequency of thoracic ultrasound examinations increased during the course, and in the final survey more than 90% of the participants used thoracic ultrasound on weekly basis. The self-reported competency (on technical execution of the thoracic ultrasound examination and overall competency) also increased. The ERS thoracic ultrasound training programme forms the basis of broad theoretical knowledge and sufficient practical skills that seem to lead to behavioural changes, whereby a large proportion of the participants implemented ultrasound in their clinical practice.
胸腔超声已成为一种应用广泛的诊断工具,用于评估和监测有呼吸道症状或疾病的患者。然而,超声波检查依赖于使用者,需要足够的能力。欧洲呼吸学会(ERS)主办了一项结构严谨、以证据为基础的胸部超声培训计划。本研究旨在探讨和讨论 ERS 课程期间学员的自我报告活动和自我报告能力。在第二部分课程(课程的实践部分)之前、第三部分课程(最终认证考试)之前和之后三个月,向培训课程的学员发送了在线调查问卷。共有 77 名学员完成了调查。自我报告的胸部超声检查频率在课程期间有所增加,在最后的调查中,超过 90% 的学员每周都使用胸部超声检查。学员自我报告的能力(胸部超声检查的技术执行能力和整体能力)也有所提高。ERS 胸部超声培训课程为学员提供了广博的理论知识和充足的实践技能,这似乎能改变学员的行为,使大部分学员在临床实践中使用超声检查。
{"title":"The European Respiratory Society led training programme improves self-reported competency and increases the use of thoracic ultrasound.","authors":"Pia Iben Pietersen, Lars Konge, Rahul Bhatnagar, Marek Slavicky, Najib M Rahman, Nick Maskell, Laurence Crombag, Nathalie Tabin, Christian B Laursen, Anders Bo Nielsen","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0160-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0160-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thoracic ultrasound has become a well-implemented diagnostic tool for assessment and monitoring of patients with respiratory symptoms or disease. However, ultrasound examinations are user dependent and sufficient competencies are needed. The European Respiratory Society (ERS) hosts a structured and evidence-based training programme in thoracic ultrasound. This study aimed to explore and discuss the self-reported activity and self-reported competency of the participants during the ERS course. Online surveys were sent to the training programme participants before the second part of the course (practical part of the course), and before and 3 months after the third part of the course (final certification exam). A total of 77 participants completed the surveys. The self-reported frequency of thoracic ultrasound examinations increased during the course, and in the final survey more than 90% of the participants used thoracic ultrasound on weekly basis. The self-reported competency (on technical execution of the thoracic ultrasound examination and overall competency) also increased. The ERS thoracic ultrasound training programme forms the basis of broad theoretical knowledge and sufficient practical skills that seem to lead to behavioural changes, whereby a large proportion of the participants implemented ultrasound in their clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0140-2023
Jane A Shaw, Elizabeth H Louw, Coenraad F N Koegelenberg
No pleural intervention in a patient with confirmed malignant pleural effusion (MPE) prolongs life, but even the recommended interventions for diagnosis and palliation can be costly and therefore unavailable in large parts of the world. However, there is good evidence to guide clinicians working in low- and middle-income countries on the most cost-effective and clinically effective strategies for the diagnosis and management of MPE. Transthoracic ultrasound-guided closed pleural biopsy is a safe method of pleural biopsy with a diagnostic yield approaching that of thoracoscopy. With the use of pleural fluid cytology and ultrasound-guided biopsy, ≥90% of cases can be diagnosed. Cases with an associated mass lesion are best suited to an ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration with/without core needle biopsy. Those with diffuse pleural thickening and/or nodularity should have an Abrams needle (<1 cm thickening) or core needle (≥1 cm thickening) biopsy of the area of interest. Those with insignificant pleural thickening should have an ultrasound-guided Abrams needle biopsy close to the diaphragm. The goals of management are to alleviate dyspnoea, prevent re-accumulation of the pleural effusion and minimise re-admissions to hospital. As the most cost-effective strategy, we suggest early use of indwelling pleural catheters with daily drainage for 14 days, followed by talc pleurodesis if the lung expands. The insertion of an intercostal drain with talc slurry is an alternative strategy which is noninferior to thoracoscopy with talc poudrage.
Educational aims: To provide clinicians practising in resource-constrained settings with a practical evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of malignant pleural effusions.To explain how to perform an ultrasound-guided closed pleural biopsy.To explain the cost-effective use of indwelling pleural catheters.
{"title":"A practical approach to the diagnosis and management of malignant pleural effusions in resource-constrained settings.","authors":"Jane A Shaw, Elizabeth H Louw, Coenraad F N Koegelenberg","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0140-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0140-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No pleural intervention in a patient with confirmed malignant pleural effusion (MPE) prolongs life, but even the recommended interventions for diagnosis and palliation can be costly and therefore unavailable in large parts of the world. However, there is good evidence to guide clinicians working in low- and middle-income countries on the most cost-effective and clinically effective strategies for the diagnosis and management of MPE. Transthoracic ultrasound-guided closed pleural biopsy is a safe method of pleural biopsy with a diagnostic yield approaching that of thoracoscopy. With the use of pleural fluid cytology and ultrasound-guided biopsy, ≥90% of cases can be diagnosed. Cases with an associated mass lesion are best suited to an ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration with/without core needle biopsy. Those with diffuse pleural thickening and/or nodularity should have an Abrams needle (<1 cm thickening) or core needle (≥1 cm thickening) biopsy of the area of interest. Those with insignificant pleural thickening should have an ultrasound-guided Abrams needle biopsy close to the diaphragm. The goals of management are to alleviate dyspnoea, prevent re-accumulation of the pleural effusion and minimise re-admissions to hospital. As the most cost-effective strategy, we suggest early use of indwelling pleural catheters with daily drainage for 14 days, followed by talc pleurodesis if the lung expands. The insertion of an intercostal drain with talc slurry is an alternative strategy which is noninferior to thoracoscopy with talc poudrage.</p><p><strong>Educational aims: </strong>To provide clinicians practising in resource-constrained settings with a practical evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of malignant pleural effusions.To explain how to perform an ultrasound-guided closed pleural biopsy.To explain the cost-effective use of indwelling pleural catheters.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138828262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}