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Imaging of pleural disease. 胸膜疾病成像。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0172-2023
Maged Hassan, Abdelfattah A Touman, Elżbieta M Grabczak, Søren H Skaarup, Katarzyna Faber, Kevin G Blyth, Svitlana Pochepnia

The pleural space is a "potential" anatomical space which is formed of two layers: visceral and parietal. It normally contains a trace of fluid (∼10 mL in each hemithorax). Diseases of the pleura can manifest with thickening of the pleural membranes or by abnormal accumulation of air or liquid. Chest radiographs are often the first imaging tests to point to a pleural pathology. With the exception of pneumothorax, and due to the inherent limitations of chest radiographs, ultrasound and/or computed tomography are usually required to further characterise the pleural pathology and guide management. This review summarises the utility of different imaging tools in the management of pleural disease and discusses new and evolving tools in imaging of the pleura.

胸膜腔是一个 "潜在 "的解剖空间,由两层组成:内脏层和顶膜层。它通常含有微量液体(每个半胸腔 10 毫升)。胸膜疾病可表现为胸膜增厚或空气或液体异常积聚。胸片通常是最早发现胸膜病变的影像学检查。除气胸外,由于胸片的固有局限性,通常需要通过超声和/或计算机断层扫描来进一步确定胸膜病变的特征并指导治疗。本综述总结了不同成像工具在胸膜疾病治疗中的作用,并讨论了胸膜成像中不断发展的新工具。
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引用次数: 0
Multimodality imaging of acute and chronic pulmonary thromboembolic disease. 急性和慢性肺血栓栓塞性疾病的多模式成像。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0130-2023
Emanuele Muscogiuri, Walter De Wever, Deepa Gopalan

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a pathological entity characterised by venous thromboembolism in the pulmonary arteries. It is a common entity in daily clinical practice and is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death. Correct diagnostic work-up is pivotal to ensure timely institution of appropriate therapy. This requires recognition of the characteristic imaging findings and awareness of the role and peculiarities of the different imaging techniques involved in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. This review aims to showcase the most commonly encountered imaging findings associated with pulmonary thromboembolism for each imaging modality, outline their advantages and disadvantages, and define the specific role of these techniques in the clinical setting. The latest innovations concerning the diagnostic work-up of PE will be also briefly discussed, yielding a perspective on the future developments and challenges that the radiologist will have to face in the coming years.

肺栓塞(PE)是一种以肺动脉静脉血栓栓塞为特征的病理现象。它是日常临床实践中的常见病,也是心血管疾病死亡的第三大原因。正确的诊断工作对于确保及时采取适当的治疗至关重要。这就需要认识到特征性的成像结果,并了解不同成像技术在诊断和治疗过程中的作用和特殊性。本综述旨在展示与肺血栓栓塞症相关的每种成像方式最常见的成像结果,概述其优缺点,并明确这些技术在临床中的具体作用。此外,还将简要讨论有关肺栓塞栓塞症诊断工作的最新创新,从而展望未来几年放射科医生必须面对的发展和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
The CT revolution: the role of PIOPED II in establishing CT pulmonary angiography as the reference standard for pulmonary embolism diagnosis. CT 革命:PIOPED II 将 CT 肺血管造影术确立为肺栓塞诊断参考标准的作用。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0228-2023
Pia Iben Pietersen, Céline Goyard, Thomas Gille, Constance de Margerie-Mellon, Casper Falster

The PIOPED II study provided a robust estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector CTPA in suspected pulmonary embolism and played a pivotal role in establishing CTPA as the current diagnostic gold standard https://bit.ly/3HEyVxy.

PIOPED II 研究对疑似肺动脉栓塞的多切面 CTPA 诊断准确性进行了可靠的评估,并在将 CTPA 确立为当前诊断金标准 https://bit.ly/3HEyVxy 方面发挥了关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
An intriguing tale of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in staphylococcal pneumonia: a rare case and literature review of subcutaneous drain insertion. 葡萄球菌肺炎引起的气腹和皮下气肿:一例罕见病例和皮下引流管插入文献综述。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0154-2023
Saquib Navid Siddiqui, Umair Falak, Ned Frost, Mohamed Awad

Debilitating subcutaneous emphysema, which can result in upper airway compromise, requires urgent intervention to avoid respiratory arrest. It can be treated using subcutaneous chest drain insertion to provide immediate relief of air pressure. https://bit.ly/3I2oV1k.

皮下肺气肿可导致上呼吸道受损,使人衰弱,需要紧急干预以避免呼吸停止。可通过插入皮下胸腔引流管来立即缓解气压。https://bit.ly/3I2oV1k。
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引用次数: 0
Tuberculosis screening in the European migrant population: a scoping review of current practices. 欧洲移民人口中的结核病筛查:对当前做法的范围审查。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0357-2023
Sara Braga, Mariana Vieira, Pedro Barbosa, João Pedro Ramos, Raquel Duarte

Responding to a surge in new tuberculosis (TB) cases among migrants from high-incidence countries, low-incidence European nations have heeded World Health Organization recommendations by implementing TB screening in this population. This review aims to synthesise evidence on current screening strategies for active TB and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in European high-income countries, and their main barriers and interventions. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from March to April 2023, including articles in English, published in the last decade, pertaining to screening strategies for active TB or LTBI in Europe focused on migrants, excluding those exclusively composed of refugees, asylum seekers or other migrant populations. 32 studies fit the criteria. Screening in migrants varies between countries regarding timing, population, screening location and diagnosis. Furthermore, some barriers prevent migrants from benefiting from screening, namely physical, cultural and professional barriers. Additional research is needed to determine the patterns through which regular migrants adhere to current screening strategies in European countries.

为应对来自高发国家的移民中结核病(TB)新病例激增的情况,低发病率的欧洲国家采纳了世界卫生组织的建议,对这些人群实施了结核病筛查。本综述旨在综合欧洲高收入国家当前活动性肺结核和潜伏肺结核感染(LTBI)筛查策略的证据,以及这些策略的主要障碍和干预措施。本综述在 2023 年 3 月至 4 月期间对 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 进行了检索,包括过去十年间发表的有关欧洲活动性肺结核或潜伏肺结核感染筛查策略的英文文章,重点关注移民,但不包括完全由难民、寻求庇护者或其他移民组成的人群。有 32 项研究符合标准。各国对移民的筛查在时间、人群、筛查地点和诊断方面各不相同。此外,一些障碍(即身体、文化和专业障碍)也阻碍了移民从筛查中受益。需要进行更多的研究,以确定欧洲国家的常规移民遵守现行筛查策略的模式。
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引用次数: 0
People first: a participatory community approach on patient-reported outcomes in tuberculosis. 以人为本:关于结核病患者报告结果的参与性社区方法。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0138-2023
Dulce Martín, Pedro Barbosa, João Pedro Ramos, Mariana Vieira, Raquel Duarte

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play a crucial role in understanding the impact of tuberculosis (TB) on both individuals and communities. Despite advances in TB treatment, conventional outcome definitions often overlook essential components of people with TB's experiences, leading to disparities in treatment understanding. The incorporation of PROs in TB scientific research can help bridge the gap between the health system and people's needs and expectations. PROs can offer valuable insights into non-observable constructs like health literacy, self-efficacy and overall wellbeing, contributing to the comprehensive assessment of diagnosis, treatment and research end-points. Participatory community approaches, such as Community-Based Participatory, emphasise the engagement and involvement of relevant stakeholders in designing interventions tailored to their needs. Key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, researchers, clinical trial investigators, public health officials, and community health workers, TB survivors and people with TB, can play a vital role in promoting patient-centred care and engaging directly with the TB-affected community. An increased and cross-collaborative effort for the inclusion of PROs in TB research can entail their potential role in developing effective treatment regimens and promoting adherence, while maximising community engagement and improving outcomes for those affected by TB.

患者报告结果(PROs)在了解肺结核(TB)对个人和社区的影响方面发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管结核病治疗取得了进步,但传统的结果定义往往忽略了结核病患者经历的重要组成部分,导致对治疗理解的差异。将 PROs 纳入结核病科学研究有助于弥合医疗系统与人们的需求和期望之间的差距。PROs 可以为健康素养、自我效能感和整体健康等不可观测的结构提供有价值的见解,有助于对诊断、治疗和研究终点进行全面评估。参与式社区方法,如基于社区的参与式方法,强调相关利益方的参与和介入,根据他们的需求设计干预措施。主要利益相关者,包括医护专业人员、研究人员、临床试验调查人员、公共卫生官员、社区卫生工作者、结核病幸存者和结核病患者,在促进以患者为中心的护理和直接与受结核病影响的社区接触方面可以发挥至关重要的作用。在结核病研究中纳入 PROs 的更多交叉合作努力,可使 PROs 在制定有效治疗方案和促进坚持治疗方面发挥潜在作用,同时最大限度地提高社区参与度并改善受结核病影响者的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of patient and public involvement in chronic respiratory disease research: the ConectAR experience. 患者和公众参与慢性呼吸系统疾病研究的影响:ConectAR 的经验。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0173-2023
Ana Sá-Sousa, Daniela Figueiredo, Emília Dias Costa, Silvana Fernandes, Nancy Fonseca, Paula Matos, Abel Campião, Margarida Areia, Liliana Dias, Rita Amaral, Claúdia Chaves Loureiro, José Laerte Boechat, António Baía Reis, João Almeida Fonseca, Ana Luísa Neves, Cristina Jácome

ConectAR has demonstrated the feasibility and value of involving patients with chronic respiratory diseases and caregivers as co-researchers, actively considering their perspectives from project inception to implementation and dissemination https://bit.ly/3Oq13se.

ConectAR 证明了让慢性呼吸系统疾病患者和护理人员作为共同研究者参与其中的可行性和价值,从项目启动到实施和传播,都积极考虑了他们的观点https://bit.ly/3Oq13se。
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引用次数: 0
New developments in the imaging of lung cancer. 肺癌成像技术的新进展。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0176-2023
Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki, Dávid László Tárnoki, Marta Dąbrowska, Magdalena Knetki-Wróblewska, Armin Frille, Harrison Stubbs, Kevin G Blyth, Amanda Dandanell Juul

Radiological and nuclear medicine methods play a fundamental role in the diagnosis and staging of patients with lung cancer. Imaging is essential in the detection, characterisation, staging and follow-up of lung cancer. Due to the increasing evidence, low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) screening for the early detection of lung cancer is being introduced to the clinical routine in several countries. Radiomics and radiogenomics are emerging fields reliant on artificial intelligence to improve diagnosis and personalised risk stratification. Ultrasound- and CT-guided interventions are minimally invasive methods for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary malignancies. In this review, we put more emphasis on the new developments in the imaging of lung cancer.

放射学和核医学方法在肺癌患者的诊断和分期中发挥着重要作用。在肺癌的检测、定性、分期和随访中,影像学检查至关重要。由于证据越来越多,一些国家正在将低剂量胸部计算机断层扫描(CT)筛查肺癌的早期检测纳入临床常规。放射组学和放射基因组学是依靠人工智能改善诊断和个性化风险分层的新兴领域。超声和 CT 引导下的介入治疗是诊断和治疗肺部恶性肿瘤的微创方法。在这篇综述中,我们将重点介绍肺癌成像的新进展。
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引用次数: 0
Imaging in pulmonary infections of immunocompetent adult patients. 免疫功能正常的成年患者肺部感染的影像学检查。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0186-2023
Svitlana Pochepnia, Elzbieta Magdalena Grabczak, Emma Johnson, Fusun Oner Eyuboglu, Onno Akkerman, Helmut Prosch

Pneumonia is a clinical syndrome characterised by fever, cough and alveolar infiltration of purulent fluid, caused by infection with a microbial pathogen. It can be caused by infections with bacteria, viruses or fungi, but a causative organism is identified in less than half of cases. The most common type of pneumonia is community-acquired pneumonia, which is caused by infections acquired outside the hospital. Current guidelines for pneumonia diagnosis require imaging to confirm the clinical suspicion of pneumonia. Thus, imaging plays an important role in both the diagnosis and management of pneumonia, with each modality having specific advantages and limitations. Chest radiographs are commonly used but have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Lung ultrasound shows high sensitivity and specificity. Computed tomography scans offer higher diagnostic accuracy but involve higher radiation doses. Radiological patterns, including lobar, lobular and interstitial pneumonia, provide valuable insights into causative pathogens and treatment decisions. Understanding these radiological patterns is crucial for accurate diagnosis. In this review, we will summarise the most important aspects pertaining to the role of imaging in pneumonia and will highlight the imaging characteristics of the most common causative organisms.

肺炎是由微生物病原体感染引起的以发热、咳嗽和肺泡浸润性脓液为特征的临床综合征。肺炎可由细菌、病毒或真菌感染引起,但只有不到一半的病例能确定致病菌。最常见的肺炎类型是社区获得性肺炎,由医院外感染引起。目前的肺炎诊断指南要求通过影像学检查来确认临床怀疑的肺炎。因此,影像学检查在肺炎的诊断和治疗中发挥着重要作用,每种检查方式都有其特定的优势和局限性。胸片是常用的检查方法,但在灵敏度和特异性方面存在局限性。肺部超声波检查具有较高的灵敏度和特异性。计算机断层扫描的诊断准确率较高,但辐射剂量较大。包括大叶性肺炎、小叶性肺炎和间质性肺炎在内的放射学模式为了解致病病原体和治疗决策提供了宝贵的信息。了解这些放射学模式对于准确诊断至关重要。在本综述中,我们将总结与成像在肺炎中的作用有关的最重要方面,并重点介绍最常见致病菌的成像特征。
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引用次数: 0
Heat, water and the fateful photo. 暖气、水和那张决定命运的照片。
IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0182-2023
Rūdolfs Vilde, Iļja Drjagunovs, Zaiga Kravale, Aija Vilde, Ilze Priedīte

A 52-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the pulmonology department in a university hospital in Riga, Latvia, due to a chest CT scan performed on an outpatient basis. Acquiring the patient's history leads us to a waterfall. And the fateful photo. https://bit.ly/3IuxAKj.

一名 52 岁的高加索男性因门诊胸部 CT 扫描而被转诊到拉脱维亚里加一所大学医院的肺科。通过了解患者的病史,我们发现了一个瀑布。https://bit.ly/3IuxAKj。
{"title":"Heat, water and the fateful photo.","authors":"Rūdolfs Vilde, Iļja Drjagunovs, Zaiga Kravale, Aija Vilde, Ilze Priedīte","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0182-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0182-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>A 52-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the pulmonology department in a university hospital in Riga, Latvia, due to a chest CT scan performed on an outpatient basis. Acquiring the patient's history leads us to a waterfall. And the fateful photo.</b> https://bit.ly/3IuxAKj.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11091712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Breathe
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