Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0172-2023
Maged Hassan, Abdelfattah A Touman, Elżbieta M Grabczak, Søren H Skaarup, Katarzyna Faber, Kevin G Blyth, Svitlana Pochepnia
The pleural space is a "potential" anatomical space which is formed of two layers: visceral and parietal. It normally contains a trace of fluid (∼10 mL in each hemithorax). Diseases of the pleura can manifest with thickening of the pleural membranes or by abnormal accumulation of air or liquid. Chest radiographs are often the first imaging tests to point to a pleural pathology. With the exception of pneumothorax, and due to the inherent limitations of chest radiographs, ultrasound and/or computed tomography are usually required to further characterise the pleural pathology and guide management. This review summarises the utility of different imaging tools in the management of pleural disease and discusses new and evolving tools in imaging of the pleura.
{"title":"Imaging of pleural disease.","authors":"Maged Hassan, Abdelfattah A Touman, Elżbieta M Grabczak, Søren H Skaarup, Katarzyna Faber, Kevin G Blyth, Svitlana Pochepnia","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0172-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0172-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pleural space is a \"potential\" anatomical space which is formed of two layers: visceral and parietal. It normally contains a trace of fluid (∼10 mL in each hemithorax). Diseases of the pleura can manifest with thickening of the pleural membranes or by abnormal accumulation of air or liquid. Chest radiographs are often the first imaging tests to point to a pleural pathology. With the exception of pneumothorax, and due to the inherent limitations of chest radiographs, ultrasound and/or computed tomography are usually required to further characterise the pleural pathology and guide management. This review summarises the utility of different imaging tools in the management of pleural disease and discusses new and evolving tools in imaging of the pleura.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0130-2023
Emanuele Muscogiuri, Walter De Wever, Deepa Gopalan
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a pathological entity characterised by venous thromboembolism in the pulmonary arteries. It is a common entity in daily clinical practice and is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death. Correct diagnostic work-up is pivotal to ensure timely institution of appropriate therapy. This requires recognition of the characteristic imaging findings and awareness of the role and peculiarities of the different imaging techniques involved in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. This review aims to showcase the most commonly encountered imaging findings associated with pulmonary thromboembolism for each imaging modality, outline their advantages and disadvantages, and define the specific role of these techniques in the clinical setting. The latest innovations concerning the diagnostic work-up of PE will be also briefly discussed, yielding a perspective on the future developments and challenges that the radiologist will have to face in the coming years.
{"title":"Multimodality imaging of acute and chronic pulmonary thromboembolic disease.","authors":"Emanuele Muscogiuri, Walter De Wever, Deepa Gopalan","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0130-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0130-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a pathological entity characterised by venous thromboembolism in the pulmonary arteries. It is a common entity in daily clinical practice and is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death. Correct diagnostic work-up is pivotal to ensure timely institution of appropriate therapy. This requires recognition of the characteristic imaging findings and awareness of the role and peculiarities of the different imaging techniques involved in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. This review aims to showcase the most commonly encountered imaging findings associated with pulmonary thromboembolism for each imaging modality, outline their advantages and disadvantages, and define the specific role of these techniques in the clinical setting. The latest innovations concerning the diagnostic work-up of PE will be also briefly discussed, yielding a perspective on the future developments and challenges that the radiologist will have to face in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0228-2023
Pia Iben Pietersen, Céline Goyard, Thomas Gille, Constance de Margerie-Mellon, Casper Falster
The PIOPED II study provided a robust estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector CTPA in suspected pulmonary embolism and played a pivotal role in establishing CTPA as the current diagnostic gold standard https://bit.ly/3HEyVxy.
PIOPED II 研究对疑似肺动脉栓塞的多切面 CTPA 诊断准确性进行了可靠的评估,并在将 CTPA 确立为当前诊断金标准 https://bit.ly/3HEyVxy 方面发挥了关键作用。
{"title":"The CT revolution: the role of PIOPED II in establishing CT pulmonary angiography as the reference standard for pulmonary embolism diagnosis.","authors":"Pia Iben Pietersen, Céline Goyard, Thomas Gille, Constance de Margerie-Mellon, Casper Falster","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0228-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0228-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The PIOPED II study provided a robust estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector CTPA in suspected pulmonary embolism and played a pivotal role in establishing CTPA as the current diagnostic gold standard</b> https://bit.ly/3HEyVxy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0154-2023
Saquib Navid Siddiqui, Umair Falak, Ned Frost, Mohamed Awad
Debilitating subcutaneous emphysema, which can result in upper airway compromise, requires urgent intervention to avoid respiratory arrest. It can be treated using subcutaneous chest drain insertion to provide immediate relief of air pressure. https://bit.ly/3I2oV1k.
{"title":"An intriguing tale of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in staphylococcal pneumonia: a rare case and literature review of subcutaneous drain insertion.","authors":"Saquib Navid Siddiqui, Umair Falak, Ned Frost, Mohamed Awad","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0154-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0154-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Debilitating subcutaneous emphysema, which can result in upper airway compromise, requires urgent intervention to avoid respiratory arrest. It can be treated using subcutaneous chest drain insertion to provide immediate relief of air pressure.</b> https://bit.ly/3I2oV1k.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11091713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0357-2023
Sara Braga, Mariana Vieira, Pedro Barbosa, João Pedro Ramos, Raquel Duarte
Responding to a surge in new tuberculosis (TB) cases among migrants from high-incidence countries, low-incidence European nations have heeded World Health Organization recommendations by implementing TB screening in this population. This review aims to synthesise evidence on current screening strategies for active TB and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in European high-income countries, and their main barriers and interventions. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from March to April 2023, including articles in English, published in the last decade, pertaining to screening strategies for active TB or LTBI in Europe focused on migrants, excluding those exclusively composed of refugees, asylum seekers or other migrant populations. 32 studies fit the criteria. Screening in migrants varies between countries regarding timing, population, screening location and diagnosis. Furthermore, some barriers prevent migrants from benefiting from screening, namely physical, cultural and professional barriers. Additional research is needed to determine the patterns through which regular migrants adhere to current screening strategies in European countries.
{"title":"Tuberculosis screening in the European migrant population: a scoping review of current practices.","authors":"Sara Braga, Mariana Vieira, Pedro Barbosa, João Pedro Ramos, Raquel Duarte","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0357-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0357-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Responding to a surge in new tuberculosis (TB) cases among migrants from high-incidence countries, low-incidence European nations have heeded World Health Organization recommendations by implementing TB screening in this population. This review aims to synthesise evidence on current screening strategies for active TB and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in European high-income countries, and their main barriers and interventions. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from March to April 2023, including articles in English, published in the last decade, pertaining to screening strategies for active TB or LTBI in Europe focused on migrants, excluding those exclusively composed of refugees, asylum seekers or other migrant populations. 32 studies fit the criteria. Screening in migrants varies between countries regarding timing, population, screening location and diagnosis. Furthermore, some barriers prevent migrants from benefiting from screening, namely physical, cultural and professional barriers. Additional research is needed to determine the patterns through which regular migrants adhere to current screening strategies in European countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11091716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0138-2023
Dulce Martín, Pedro Barbosa, João Pedro Ramos, Mariana Vieira, Raquel Duarte
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play a crucial role in understanding the impact of tuberculosis (TB) on both individuals and communities. Despite advances in TB treatment, conventional outcome definitions often overlook essential components of people with TB's experiences, leading to disparities in treatment understanding. The incorporation of PROs in TB scientific research can help bridge the gap between the health system and people's needs and expectations. PROs can offer valuable insights into non-observable constructs like health literacy, self-efficacy and overall wellbeing, contributing to the comprehensive assessment of diagnosis, treatment and research end-points. Participatory community approaches, such as Community-Based Participatory, emphasise the engagement and involvement of relevant stakeholders in designing interventions tailored to their needs. Key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, researchers, clinical trial investigators, public health officials, and community health workers, TB survivors and people with TB, can play a vital role in promoting patient-centred care and engaging directly with the TB-affected community. An increased and cross-collaborative effort for the inclusion of PROs in TB research can entail their potential role in developing effective treatment regimens and promoting adherence, while maximising community engagement and improving outcomes for those affected by TB.
{"title":"People first: a participatory community approach on patient-reported outcomes in tuberculosis.","authors":"Dulce Martín, Pedro Barbosa, João Pedro Ramos, Mariana Vieira, Raquel Duarte","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0138-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0138-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play a crucial role in understanding the impact of tuberculosis (TB) on both individuals and communities. Despite advances in TB treatment, conventional outcome definitions often overlook essential components of people with TB's experiences, leading to disparities in treatment understanding. The incorporation of PROs in TB scientific research can help bridge the gap between the health system and people's needs and expectations. PROs can offer valuable insights into non-observable constructs like health literacy, self-efficacy and overall wellbeing, contributing to the comprehensive assessment of diagnosis, treatment and research end-points. Participatory community approaches, such as Community-Based Participatory, emphasise the engagement and involvement of relevant stakeholders in designing interventions tailored to their needs. Key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, researchers, clinical trial investigators, public health officials, and community health workers, TB survivors and people with TB, can play a vital role in promoting patient-centred care and engaging directly with the TB-affected community. An increased and cross-collaborative effort for the inclusion of PROs in TB research can entail their potential role in developing effective treatment regimens and promoting adherence, while maximising community engagement and improving outcomes for those affected by TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0173-2023
Ana Sá-Sousa, Daniela Figueiredo, Emília Dias Costa, Silvana Fernandes, Nancy Fonseca, Paula Matos, Abel Campião, Margarida Areia, Liliana Dias, Rita Amaral, Claúdia Chaves Loureiro, José Laerte Boechat, António Baía Reis, João Almeida Fonseca, Ana Luísa Neves, Cristina Jácome
ConectAR has demonstrated the feasibility and value of involving patients with chronic respiratory diseases and caregivers as co-researchers, actively considering their perspectives from project inception to implementation and dissemination https://bit.ly/3Oq13se.
{"title":"The impact of patient and public involvement in chronic respiratory disease research: the ConectAR experience.","authors":"Ana Sá-Sousa, Daniela Figueiredo, Emília Dias Costa, Silvana Fernandes, Nancy Fonseca, Paula Matos, Abel Campião, Margarida Areia, Liliana Dias, Rita Amaral, Claúdia Chaves Loureiro, José Laerte Boechat, António Baía Reis, João Almeida Fonseca, Ana Luísa Neves, Cristina Jácome","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0173-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0173-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ConectAR has demonstrated the feasibility and value of involving patients with chronic respiratory diseases and caregivers as co-researchers, actively considering their perspectives from project inception to implementation and dissemination</b> https://bit.ly/3Oq13se.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0176-2023
Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki, Dávid László Tárnoki, Marta Dąbrowska, Magdalena Knetki-Wróblewska, Armin Frille, Harrison Stubbs, Kevin G Blyth, Amanda Dandanell Juul
Radiological and nuclear medicine methods play a fundamental role in the diagnosis and staging of patients with lung cancer. Imaging is essential in the detection, characterisation, staging and follow-up of lung cancer. Due to the increasing evidence, low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) screening for the early detection of lung cancer is being introduced to the clinical routine in several countries. Radiomics and radiogenomics are emerging fields reliant on artificial intelligence to improve diagnosis and personalised risk stratification. Ultrasound- and CT-guided interventions are minimally invasive methods for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary malignancies. In this review, we put more emphasis on the new developments in the imaging of lung cancer.
{"title":"New developments in the imaging of lung cancer.","authors":"Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki, Dávid László Tárnoki, Marta Dąbrowska, Magdalena Knetki-Wróblewska, Armin Frille, Harrison Stubbs, Kevin G Blyth, Amanda Dandanell Juul","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0176-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0176-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiological and nuclear medicine methods play a fundamental role in the diagnosis and staging of patients with lung cancer. Imaging is essential in the detection, characterisation, staging and follow-up of lung cancer. Due to the increasing evidence, low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) screening for the early detection of lung cancer is being introduced to the clinical routine in several countries. Radiomics and radiogenomics are emerging fields reliant on artificial intelligence to improve diagnosis and personalised risk stratification. Ultrasound- and CT-guided interventions are minimally invasive methods for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary malignancies. In this review, we put more emphasis on the new developments in the imaging of lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0186-2023
Svitlana Pochepnia, Elzbieta Magdalena Grabczak, Emma Johnson, Fusun Oner Eyuboglu, Onno Akkerman, Helmut Prosch
Pneumonia is a clinical syndrome characterised by fever, cough and alveolar infiltration of purulent fluid, caused by infection with a microbial pathogen. It can be caused by infections with bacteria, viruses or fungi, but a causative organism is identified in less than half of cases. The most common type of pneumonia is community-acquired pneumonia, which is caused by infections acquired outside the hospital. Current guidelines for pneumonia diagnosis require imaging to confirm the clinical suspicion of pneumonia. Thus, imaging plays an important role in both the diagnosis and management of pneumonia, with each modality having specific advantages and limitations. Chest radiographs are commonly used but have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Lung ultrasound shows high sensitivity and specificity. Computed tomography scans offer higher diagnostic accuracy but involve higher radiation doses. Radiological patterns, including lobar, lobular and interstitial pneumonia, provide valuable insights into causative pathogens and treatment decisions. Understanding these radiological patterns is crucial for accurate diagnosis. In this review, we will summarise the most important aspects pertaining to the role of imaging in pneumonia and will highlight the imaging characteristics of the most common causative organisms.
{"title":"Imaging in pulmonary infections of immunocompetent adult patients.","authors":"Svitlana Pochepnia, Elzbieta Magdalena Grabczak, Emma Johnson, Fusun Oner Eyuboglu, Onno Akkerman, Helmut Prosch","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0186-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0186-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumonia is a clinical syndrome characterised by fever, cough and alveolar infiltration of purulent fluid, caused by infection with a microbial pathogen. It can be caused by infections with bacteria, viruses or fungi, but a causative organism is identified in less than half of cases. The most common type of pneumonia is community-acquired pneumonia, which is caused by infections acquired outside the hospital. Current guidelines for pneumonia diagnosis require imaging to confirm the clinical suspicion of pneumonia. Thus, imaging plays an important role in both the diagnosis and management of pneumonia, with each modality having specific advantages and limitations. Chest radiographs are commonly used but have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Lung ultrasound shows high sensitivity and specificity. Computed tomography scans offer higher diagnostic accuracy but involve higher radiation doses. Radiological patterns, including lobar, lobular and interstitial pneumonia, provide valuable insights into causative pathogens and treatment decisions. Understanding these radiological patterns is crucial for accurate diagnosis. In this review, we will summarise the most important aspects pertaining to the role of imaging in pneumonia and will highlight the imaging characteristics of the most common causative organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 52-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the pulmonology department in a university hospital in Riga, Latvia, due to a chest CT scan performed on an outpatient basis. Acquiring the patient's history leads us to a waterfall. And the fateful photo. https://bit.ly/3IuxAKj.
{"title":"Heat, water and the fateful photo.","authors":"Rūdolfs Vilde, Iļja Drjagunovs, Zaiga Kravale, Aija Vilde, Ilze Priedīte","doi":"10.1183/20734735.0182-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1183/20734735.0182-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>A 52-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the pulmonology department in a university hospital in Riga, Latvia, due to a chest CT scan performed on an outpatient basis. Acquiring the patient's history leads us to a waterfall. And the fateful photo.</b> https://bit.ly/3IuxAKj.</p>","PeriodicalId":9292,"journal":{"name":"Breathe","volume":"20 1","pages":"230182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11091712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}