A 72-Year-old female with a history of migraine headaches presented with an acute onset of expressive aphasia, difficulty with memory and worsening of her headaches. An MRI of the brain was done which revealed diffuse white matter T2 hyperintensities (Figures 1). Due to worsening of the patient’s clinical symptoms a repeat MRI was performed four days later that revealed multiple micro-bleeds (Figure 2), as well as a lobar hemorrhage in left temporal lobe (Figure 2). An extensive workup including HIV testing, CSF examination for infectious etiology including protein 14-3-3 and demylineating disease was negative. Paraneoplastic and autoimmune workup was also non-diagnostic. A brain biopsy was performed due to the extensive white matter disease, which revealed Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) with focal granulomatous angiitis. The patient was treated with intravenous steroids with no significant improvement clinically. Two months after diagnosis, her disease course has remained static, without improvement or deterioration.
{"title":"Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Multiple neurolgic problems","authors":"P. Gilbert","doi":"10.31579/2637-8892/015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/015","url":null,"abstract":"A 72-Year-old female with a history of migraine headaches presented with an acute onset of expressive aphasia, difficulty with memory and worsening of her headaches. An MRI of the brain was done which revealed diffuse white matter T2 hyperintensities (Figures 1). Due to worsening of the patient’s clinical symptoms a repeat MRI was performed four days later that revealed multiple micro-bleeds (Figure 2), as well as a lobar hemorrhage in left temporal lobe (Figure 2). An extensive workup including HIV testing, CSF examination for infectious etiology including protein 14-3-3 and demylineating disease was negative. Paraneoplastic and autoimmune workup was also non-diagnostic. A brain biopsy was performed due to the extensive white matter disease, which revealed Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) with focal granulomatous angiitis. The patient was treated with intravenous steroids with no significant improvement clinically. Two months after diagnosis, her disease course has remained static, without improvement or deterioration.","PeriodicalId":92947,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and mental health care : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42327476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: It is well-recognized that emotions and emotional disorders may alter the experience of time. Yet relatively little is known about different aspects of psychological time in relation to anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to explore several aspects of temporal processing, including time perspective, prospective and retrospective time estimation, in persons with anxiety symptoms. Methods: A total of 110 individuals with varying degrees of anxiety participated in two studies. They were assigned to two groups (anxiety–control) based on their scores on anxiety measurements. Participants also completed an inventory of time perspective and several time estimation tasks which were analyzed on a group-level. Depressive symptoms were assessed and used as a covariate in the second study. Results: Anxiety was significantly associated with Past Negative and Future Negative time perspectives as measured by the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), even when controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms. No other significant differences were found. Conclusion: Exploring time perspective in persons with anxious symptoms may provide important insights into features of anxiety. These findings may offer new ways of conceptualizing anxiety and provide suggestions for treatment strategies.
{"title":"Time perspective stands out as the time variable that reliably separates anxious and nonanxious individuals","authors":"Lin Ming","doi":"10.31579/2637-8892/013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is well-recognized that emotions and emotional disorders may alter the experience of time. Yet relatively little is known about different aspects of psychological time in relation to anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to explore several aspects of temporal processing, including time perspective, prospective and retrospective time estimation, in persons with anxiety symptoms. Methods: A total of 110 individuals with varying degrees of anxiety participated in two studies. They were assigned to two groups (anxiety–control) based on their scores on anxiety measurements. Participants also completed an inventory of time perspective and several time estimation tasks which were analyzed on a group-level. Depressive symptoms were assessed and used as a covariate in the second study. Results: Anxiety was significantly associated with Past Negative and Future Negative time perspectives as measured by the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), even when controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms. No other significant differences were found. Conclusion: Exploring time perspective in persons with anxious symptoms may provide important insights into features of anxiety. These findings may offer new ways of conceptualizing anxiety and provide suggestions for treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":92947,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and mental health care : open access","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41533453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The depressive states of the elderly are frequent and difficult to diagnose due mainly to their clinical heterogeneity. One of the reasons for the increase in the rate of suicide in the over 80 years is probably the non-recognition of depressive states. Thymicand affective complaints frequently occur with advancing age and are too often attributed to the consequences of normal aging, which is accompanied by the successive losses that characterize old age.
{"title":"Analytical aspects of depression among elderly","authors":"Kalpana Madikattu, Vamshikrishna M","doi":"10.31579/2637-8892/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/010","url":null,"abstract":"The depressive states of the elderly are frequent and difficult to diagnose due mainly to their clinical heterogeneity. One of the reasons for the increase in the rate of suicide in the over 80 years is probably the non-recognition of depressive states. Thymicand affective complaints frequently occur with advancing age and are too often attributed to the consequences of normal aging, which is accompanied by the successive losses that characterize old age.","PeriodicalId":92947,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and mental health care : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46524047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate is an antiparkinson’s agent which is known as dopamine D2 receptor agonist. It is structurally different from the ergot-derived drugs, e.g. bromocriptine or pergolide. Pramipexole is designated chemically as (S)-2-Amino-4, 5, 6, and 7-tetrahydro-6-(propylamino) benzothiazole and has the molecular formula C10H17N3S. It comes under class I of Biopharmaceutical Classification System. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate extended release tablets by wet granulation method using different proportions of polymers and binder. Pre-formulation studies were done initially and the results were found to be within the limits. All the mentioned batches were prepared and granules were evaluated for pre-compression parameters such as loss on drying, bulk density, tapped density and compressibility index. Tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability; disintegration time and assay were found to be within the limits. In vitro dissolutions were performed with 0.05M 6.8 PH phosphate buffer and effect of various polymers were explored. Final selection of formulation was based on dissolution profile, from dissolution studies formulation 9 showed 80% drug release within 20 hours, so it will be compared with innovator. Similarity and difference factors which revealed that formulation (F 9) containing HPMC K 200, Eudragit L100 and binder are most successful as it exhibited in vitro drug release that matched with innovator product. In vitro drug release profile reveals that with increased concentration of Eudragit L 100. Accelerated stability studies were performed for the optimized batch which indicated that there were no changes in drug content and in vitro dissolution.
{"title":"Theoritical Uses of Pramipexole dihydrochloride in Parkinson's Resistance Depression","authors":"Samuel Langhorne","doi":"10.31579/2637-8892/045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/045","url":null,"abstract":"Pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate is an antiparkinson’s agent which is known as dopamine D2 receptor agonist. It is structurally different from the ergot-derived drugs, e.g. bromocriptine or pergolide. Pramipexole is designated chemically as (S)-2-Amino-4, 5, 6, and 7-tetrahydro-6-(propylamino) benzothiazole and has the molecular formula C10H17N3S. It comes under class I of Biopharmaceutical Classification System. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate extended release tablets by wet granulation method using different proportions of polymers and binder. Pre-formulation studies were done initially and the results were found to be within the limits. All the mentioned batches were prepared and granules were evaluated for pre-compression parameters such as loss on drying, bulk density, tapped density and compressibility index. Tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability; disintegration time and assay were found to be within the limits. In vitro dissolutions were performed with 0.05M 6.8 PH phosphate buffer and effect of various polymers were explored. Final selection of formulation was based on dissolution profile, from dissolution studies formulation 9 showed 80% drug release within 20 hours, so it will be compared with innovator. Similarity and difference factors which revealed that formulation (F 9) containing HPMC K 200, Eudragit L100 and binder are most successful as it exhibited in vitro drug release that matched with innovator product. In vitro drug release profile reveals that with increased concentration of Eudragit L 100. Accelerated stability studies were performed for the optimized batch which indicated that there were no changes in drug content and in vitro dissolution.","PeriodicalId":92947,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and mental health care : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43911296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depression is the most common of the affective disorders (disorders of mood rather than disturbances of thought or cognition); it may range from a very mild condition, bordering on normality, to severe (psychotic) depression accompanied by hallucinations and delusions. Worldwide, depression is a major cause of disability and premature death. Unipolar depression is commonly (about 75% of cases) non-familial, clearly associated with stressful life-events and accompanied by symptoms of anxiety and agitation; this type is sometimes termed reactive depression. Other patients (about 25%, sometimes termed endogenous depression) show a familial pattern, unrelated to external stresses, and with a somewhat different symptomatology. This distinction is made clinically, but there is little evidence that antidepressant drugs show significant selectivity between these conditions.
{"title":"Antidepressant Activity of Spirulina Platensis in Models of Depression","authors":"Addison Rosli","doi":"10.31579/2637-8892/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/003","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is the most common of the affective disorders (disorders of mood rather than disturbances of thought or cognition); it may range from a very mild condition, bordering on normality, to severe (psychotic) depression accompanied by hallucinations and delusions. Worldwide, depression is a major cause of disability and premature death. Unipolar depression is commonly (about 75% of cases) non-familial, clearly associated with stressful life-events and accompanied by symptoms of anxiety and agitation; this type is sometimes termed reactive depression. Other patients (about 25%, sometimes termed endogenous depression) show a familial pattern, unrelated to external stresses, and with a somewhat different symptomatology. This distinction is made clinically, but there is little evidence that antidepressant drugs show significant selectivity between these conditions.","PeriodicalId":92947,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and mental health care : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48501311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report the case of a 63 year-old man who presented with sudden-onset, severe headache. Work-up revealed a hemorrhagic pituitary macroadenoma. He then suffered sudden-onset aphasia and right hemiparesis. Further evaluation revealed left ICA occlusion. Emergent transsphenoidal resection of the tumor produced recanalization of the occluded ICA, but his neurological symptoms persisted. ICA occlusion following pituitary tumor apoplexy is a rare event that must be recognized early for optimal patient outcomes. We report the first case with demonstration of carotid recanalization after tumor resection, review the incidence of ICA occlusion due to pituitary tumors, describe the possible mechanisms, and recommend optimal treatment strategies.
{"title":"Acute ICA occlusion due to pituitary apoplexy resulting In Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion and Stroke: Case Report, Review of The Literature, and Treatment Rationale","authors":"Ramu Adepu","doi":"10.31579/2637-8892/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/002","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of a 63 year-old man who presented with sudden-onset, severe headache. Work-up revealed a hemorrhagic pituitary macroadenoma. He then suffered sudden-onset aphasia and right hemiparesis. Further evaluation revealed left ICA occlusion. Emergent transsphenoidal resection of the tumor produced recanalization of the occluded ICA, but his neurological symptoms persisted. ICA occlusion following pituitary tumor apoplexy is a rare event that must be recognized early for optimal patient outcomes. We report the first case with demonstration of carotid recanalization after tumor resection, review the incidence of ICA occlusion due to pituitary tumors, describe the possible mechanisms, and recommend optimal treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":92947,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and mental health care : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42248515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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